wbv12.1 emag tutorial5 rotating machine
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EMAG Tutorial 5:
Rotating Machine
EMAG Tutorial 5:
Rotating Machine
Tutorial 5
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
• Procedure – WB supports only
magnetostatic analyses.
Interface in air gap
en ch - S
Transient analyses,
especially those includingmotion effects, will requirecommand objects.
– Ri id bod rotation or
Mesh in direction
of motion need
not matchm u
l a t i
translational motion canbe simulated with anundocumented (even in
the traditional ANSYSenvironment set of
nEm a g
commands (“ARMINT”feature).
– Insertion of commandobjects that set up motion
automated with a specialwizard (supplied courtesyof CADFEM).
– “Ladder mesh”
Mesh normal to
direction of
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necessary to use ARMINT
feature.
mo on mus
match (and does)
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
en ch - Sm u
l a t i
nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
en ch - S
tart or enc
m u
l a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
The Project Page Loads…
en ch - Sm u
l a t i nEm a g
Hold down LMB to
drag a MagnetostaticAnalysis System into
the Project Schematic
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
en ch - Sm u
l a t i nEm a g
Right click on Geometry tobrowse for SYS.agdb
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
en ch - Sm u
l a t i
-
Polarization and Periodic BoundarynEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
• We will need to create 2 coordinate systems
– One coordinate system will be used to define the direction of
en ch - S
polarization of the permanent magnet. It will be most convenient to
create this coordinate system in DM. Coordinate system“PM_polarization” will have its x axis pointing in the “average radially
” m ul a t i
.
defined only in the positive or negative x direction, so anytime the
direction of polarization is not aligned with the Global x direction, a
special properly oriented coordinate system must be created for to nEm a g
e ne po ar zat on.
– Another cylindrical coordinate system will be needed to specify the odd
periodic boundary condition. It will be most convenient to create this
.
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
Double click on “Geometry”
to bring up the Design
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Begin to define coordinate system used to define PM polarization
en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
Right click on “Ring” to hide this
bod and ex ose the inner
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cylindrical surface of the PM
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
Click on the “New Plane” icon
to initiate creation of plane to
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polarization
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
Set Type to “From Point and
Edge”, pick “Not Selected”
“ ”
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vertex in image, then “Apply”
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
Pick “Not Selected” adjacent
to “Base Edge”, pick edge in
“ ”
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
en ch - S
Note that the x direction (red
axis) points between the PMm ul a t i
vertices. Since the polarization
can only act in the x direction,
we want to rotate the
z axis
(blue)
nEm a g
coor na e sys em so a e
x axis points in what is
presently the z direction (blue
.
x axis (red)
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
To accom lish this rotation
en ch - S
set “Transform 1 (RMB)” to“Rotate about Y” and specify a-90⁰ rotation. Change the m
ul a t i
name of the coordinate
system to “PM_polarization”.
nEm a g
IMPORTANT!
Next, set “Export Coordinate
System?” to “Yes”
Now click “Generate”
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
Double click on “Model” to
bring up the Mechanical GUI.
** If you already brought upMechanical, you will need to
refresh the project to bring
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“PM_polarization” into the
model
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Ensure that the “PM_polarization”
coordinate system has been Convenient option
en ch - S
for manipulating
viewing direction
m ul a t i nEm a g
X direction points
radially outward
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
To create a cylindrical coordinate system for the periodic
condition, choose “Coordinate Systems” in the tree and click on
en ch - S
.
or the rotor iron as shown, then click Apply.
m ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
The coordinate system will automatically be located at the center
of curvature of the cylindrical surface. Set “Type” to “Cylindrical”.
en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Rename the coordinate system to “Cylindrical Periodicity”
en ch - Sm ul a t i RMB
nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
en ch - Sm ul a t i
nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Insert a symmetry condition object. Specify
a periodic region symmetry condition.
en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
For the “Periodic Low” surfaces, choose the rotor side periodic
surfaces shown. Use Ctrl-LMB to select multiple surfaces.
en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
LMB
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Set “Type” to “Anti-Periodic” and “Coordinate System” to
“Cylindrical Periodicity”
en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Insert another Periodic Region. Repeat the procedure to create
periodic boundaries straddling the stator geometry. en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i
Set up of ARMINT FeaturenEm a g
2) Load the Magnetic Interface Wizard
3) Create the Mesh
un e agne c n er ace zar o se up agne c n er aceInterpolation in Air Gap enabling motion effects
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Define Variable Name “ansys 230x” in the variable manager, set
“Value” to 1, and check the “Active” box. en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a gRMB on blank line,
“ ”
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Use Windows Explorer to unzip the contents of magn_int_wizard.zip to
the directory in which your project is being created/saved. en ch - Sm ul
a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Bring up the Mechanical Application
Wizard and click on “Choose Wizard”. en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k Browse for “wizard.xml”.
en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Magnetic Interface Wizard Comes up
en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
RMB in
graphics area
Mesh the model before using the wizard
en ch - SRMBm ul a t i nEm a g
Set element size on allsurfaces to 0.002 m. Set
behavior to “Hard”.
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k en ch - S
RMB
Choose these 2 m ul a t i
short edges
nEm a g
Set number of divisions
on 2 short edges along
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air gap to 2. Set
behavior to “Hard”.
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k Interface in air gap
en ch - S
Mesh in direction
of motion neednot match
m ul a t i nEm a g
For the ARMINT feature
to work, the mesh normal
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Generate the mesh o rec on o mo on
must match (and does)
M d l 5
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k Hide the rotor
en ch - S
the finer mesh
surface on the
stator side interface m ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Use the wizard to identify the
fine surface mesh on the stator en ch - S
s e o e n er ace
m ul a t i
Pick the exposed fine
mesh surface
nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k RMB in graphics area
RMB on the stator en ch - S
and hide it to expose
the coarse mesh sideof the interface
m ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i
Reorient the rotor
assembly so that the
interface is facin nEm a g
you.
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Use the wizard to identify the
coarse surface mesh on the en ch - S
ro or s e o e n er ace
Pick the exposedm ul a t i
nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Use the wizard to identify the
rotor elements en ch - Sm ul a t i
PM and ring (do not pick
the “air” portions)
nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i
n er ep n me =
second, click “Change
Analysis Settings” and “Insert
” nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k Note Named Selections
created b the en ch - S
wizard:
1) surface_fine m ul a t i
2) surface_coarse
3) rotor_elem
nEm a g
Note the command
objects created by
the wizard:
1) ARMI2) Transient1
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i
step size)nEm a g
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i
,
enter “2” for “Current Step
Number”, set “Auto Time
” “ ” nEm a g
,
“Number Of Substeps” to 20.
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i
nEm a g
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
• Recall we want to
calculate eddy currents in e
n ch - S
the permanent magnet
– Must add Neodymium PMmaterial to list of materials
m ul a t i
– Must modify Neodymium
PM material to include
electric resistivit nEm a g
– Must assign the modified
Neodymium PM material
to the PM body
•
Begin by returning to theProject Page and double
clicking on “Engineering
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Data”
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k e
n ch - S
ng neer ng
Data” containsmaterialsm ul a t i
model
The only 2 nEm a g
material
properties
currently
available in
Engineering Data
are “Air” and
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ruc ura ee
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k e
n ch - S
cro own o
“Magnetic B-HCurves”m ul a t i nEm a g
“Neodymium PM”
properties for“Neodymium PM” are
Click on “+” toadd to
En ineerin Data
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and Residual Induction)
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k Click on e
n ch - S
Engineering Data
Note that
“ ” m ul a t i
has been added
to the contents of
En ineerin Data nEm a g
it is now available
in your model
We still need to add
electrical conductivity
to the PM material so
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we can ca cu a e
induced eddy currents
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Double click to add e
n ch - S
electrical conductivity
to the PM material
m ul a
t i nEm a g
“Isotropic Resistivity”
appears, enter 1.8e-7 Ω-m
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k The new PM material property now exists in e
n ch - S
,
this. Refresh the project to read new PM data
into Mechanical. DO NOT choose Update
– m ul a
t i
we are not yet ready for this.
nEm a g
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Module 5
El t ti A l i
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k Return to the Mechanical GUI.
e
n ch - S
System to “PM_polarization”
and its Material Assignment
“ ” m ul a
t i
nEm a g
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El t ti A l i
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Set the material assignments to the air
bodies to “Air”. Use Ctrl-LMB to select
e
n ch - S
.
m ul a
t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Ensure all iron bodies have material
assignment set to “Structural Steel”
e
n ch - Sm ul a
t i nEm a g
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Electromagnetic Analysis
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k e
n ch - Sm ul a
t i
nEm a g
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Electromagnetic Analysis
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k e
n ch - S
Make the PM a Source Conductor
m ul a
t i RMB to produce
drop-down
nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k Set the Source Conductor e
n ch - S
ype o o
m ul a
t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k Assign a Voltage condition to e
n ch - S
e ace s own
m ul a
t i
Pick PM faceRMB to produce
drop-down nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
• Repeat the procedure on the
previous slide to apply a second
Should see two
voltage conditions in e
n ch - S
voltage condition on the same PM
face – Note: Mechanical is guiding you to
the tree when done
m ul a
t i
e ne a source con uc or;
therefore expects either two
voltage conditions or one voltage
condition and an im ressed nEm a g
current. But by applying two
voltage conditions on the same
face, the conductor will behave like
electric symmetry plane. Eddycurrents will be induced in the
conductive PM by time varying
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fields, current will flow normal to
the VOLT=0 surface.
Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
On to applying flux parallel boundary
conditions; show all bodies
e
n ch - SRMB to produce
drop-downm ul a
t i nEm a g
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Electromagnetic Analysis
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k Insert a flux parallel condition object e
n ch - SRMB to producem ul a
t i
rop- own
nEm a g
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Electromagnetic Analysis
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Electromagnetic Analysis
W or k
Use Ctrl-LMB to choose all 6 of the e
n ch - S
outer cylindrical surfaces and the
single inner cylindrical surface
m ul a
t i nEm a g
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Electromagnetic Analysis
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c g c ys s
W or k
To most conveniently apply flux parallel boundaries to
the end surfaces, click on the Y axis to obtain the view e
n ch - S
shown (the end surfaces are on the top and bottom)
m ul a
t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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g y
W or k
Then choose object selection to “Face”
and set the pick mode to Box Select e
n ch - Sm ul a
t i Hold the left mouse button
nEm a g
the faces at the end at the top
Use Ctrl-LMB to add the
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bottom to the selected set
Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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g y
W or k
Then LMB on Magnetostatic and
insert a flux parallel condition on e
n ch - S
these selected faces
m ul a
t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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g y
W or k e
n ch - Sm ul a
t i
may be done either now or later afternEm a g
them now
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k
Use Ctrl-LMB to choose all of the outer e
n ch - S
PM and rotor back iron, choose Solution
in the tree, and insert a request for nettorque acting on these bodies
m ul a
t i nEm a g
RMB to produce
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drop-down
Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k
Choose the PM, choose Solution in the e
n ch - S
tree, and insert a request for the
calculated current density in this body
m ul a
t i nEm a g
RMB to produce
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drop-down
Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k en ch - SInsert a request for the Total MagneticFlux Density in all bodiesm ul a
t i nEm a g
RMB to produce
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k
- en ch - S
end and insert a request for the Total
Magnetic Flux Density at these surfacesm ul a
t i nEm a g
RMB to produce
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k en ch - S
“ ” m ul a
t i
add final rotor position in radians at endnEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k
Add line to define final en ch - S
rotor position in
radians on nodenumber nmax1m ul a t i nEm a g
π /2 = 90º
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i
-
nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k en ch - S
Click here to
solvem ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i
nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k en ch - S
Set the Wireframe
view modem ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k en ch - S
Inspect the PM
eddy currentsm ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k
Default vector plots often need to be enhanced for clarity. Click on
the vector graphics button to bring up additional controls. en ch - Sm ul a t i
SolidnEm a g
aligned form
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Adjust grid densityAdjust lengthVariable length
Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
eddy currentvectors after
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k en ch - S
Inspect the B field
in bodiesm ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
ry rames
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k Inspect the rotor
en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k
Inserting “User
Defined en ch - S
Expressions”
(available after
solution ism ul a t i
comp e e
nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a gRMB to
Heat
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k en ch - SNext, choose m ul a t i Click on All
the PM bodyAppearance
changes
nEm a g
Bodies
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Apply
Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k Produce contour plot of Joule Heat
en ch - Sm ul a t i nEm a g
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k en ch - S
Select stator teeth
m ul a t i nEm a g
RMB to roduce
drop down
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis
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W or k en ch - SView asm ul a t i
con ours
nEm a g
RMB to evaluate
stator teeth
forces
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Module 5
Electromagnetic Analysis