waves transferring energy. waves: traveling disturbance that carries energy from one place to...
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Waves
Transferring Energy
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Waves: traveling disturbance that carries energy from one place to
another
Waves travel through water, but they do not carry the water (or the duck) with them.
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What causes waves?
• Vibration: repeated motion starting waves; how waves get their energy
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Medium
• Material through which waves travel
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Mechanical Waves
• Must have a medium to travel– Examples: ocean waves, sound waves
• Bell jar example
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Electromagnetic waves
• Need no medium to travel– Heat waves (radiation)
– Light waves
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Transverse waves: move the medium at right angles to the
direction in which the waves travel
vibrationDirection of travel
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Longitudinal: waves move the medium parallel to the
direction in which the waves travel.
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Sound Waves
Direction of wave travel
Sound waves are longitudinal waves
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Wavelength
• The distance between a given point on a wave to the same point on the next wave.
• Most commonly measured from the center of one crest to the center of the next crest.
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wavelengthcrest
trough
normal
am
plitu
de
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Amplitude
• Measured from the crest to the wave normal (wave “at rest”).
• Amplitude is the “power” of the wave
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wavelengthcrest
trough
normal
am
plitu
de
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Frequency
• The number of waves that pass a certain point in one second.
• Besides cycles per second, many times frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz). One Hertz is equal to one cycle per second
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Which wave has the longer
wavelength?
Which wave has the higher
frequency?
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Which wave has the longer
wavelength?
Which wave has the higher
frequency?
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•Wavelength and frequency have an inverse relationship.
•As wavelength increases, frequency decreases.
•Brainpop on Waves
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Speed of Waves
Velocity = frequency x wavelength
v = f λ• v = velocity
• f = frequency
• λ = wavelength
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Speed of waves practice
• A middle C note has a wavelength of 1.34 meters. Its frequency is 256 Hz. What is the speed of this sound?
• Formula:
• Substitutions:
• Answer:
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• The approximate outdoor temperature can be calculated by the number of times a cricket chirps per minute. Sound travels at the same speed (343 m/s) at sea level under the same atmospheric conditions (humidity, temperature, etc.). If a cricket’s chirp has a frequency of 180 Hertz, what is the wavelength of the sound?
• Formula: velocity = frequency x wavelength
• Substitutions:
• Answer: