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Operation Manual

Cristina Bachmann, Heiko Bischoff, Christina Kaboth, Insa Mingers, Sabine Pfeifer, Benjamin Schütte

This PDF provides improved access for vision-impaired users. Please note that due to the complexity and number of images in this document, it is not possible to include text descriptions of images.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH. The software described by this document is subject to a License Agreement and may not be copied to other media except as specifically allowed in the License Agreement. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced, or otherwise transmitted or recorded, for any purpose, without prior written permission by Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH. Registered licensees of the product described herein may print one copy of this document for their personal use.

All product and company names are ™ or ® trademarks of their respective holders. For more information, please visit www.steinberg.net/trademarks.

© Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH, 2013.

All rights reserved.

Release Date: June 18, 2013

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Table of Contents

5 Introduction5 The Help System6 About the Program Versions7 Typographical Conventions7 How You Can Reach Us

8 Setting Up Your System8 Connecting Audio8 About Audio Cards and Background

Playback9 About Latency9 Defining VST Audio Connections13 Remote Devices

19 WaveLab LE Concepts19 General Editing Rules20 Basic Window Handling22 Selecting Audio27 Sliders27 Renaming Items in Tables28 File Browser29 Peak Files

30 Program Overview30 Command Bars31 Status Bar33 Context Menus34 Time Ruler and Level Ruler38 Value Editing39 Drag Operations41 Undoing and Redoing41 Zooming48 Managing Tabs49 Presets52 Saving a Picture of the Active Window

53 File Operations53 Recently Used Files53 Save and Save As56 File Renaming58 Deleting Files58 Special Menu59 Temporary Files59 Work Folders vs. Document Folders61 Setting the Focus on the Current File

62 About Workspaces62 Elements of a Workspace63 Audio Files Workspace63 Audio Montage Workspace64 Podcast Workspace64 Opening Files in a Workspace64 Organizing Workspace Windows65 About Tool Windows

68 Playback68 Transport Bar73 Playing Back Only One Channel73 Starting Playback From the Ruler74 Using the Play Tool74 Playback Scrubbing75 Scroll During Playback76 About Playback in the Audio Montage

Workspace

77 Audio File Editing77 Wave Window81 File Handling in the Audio Files

Workspace97 Changing the Audio Properties99 Silence Generator Dialog

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101 Offline Processing101 Applying Processing102 Gain Dialog102 Normalize Level Dialog104 Fades in Audio Files105 Crossfades106 Inverting the Audio Phase107 Reversing Audio107 DC Offset108 Resample

109 Audio Montage109 Basic Terminology110 Montage Window112 Signal Flow in the Audio Montage112 Creating a New Audio Montage113 Creating an Audio Montage from an

Audio File114 Import Options for Audio Montages115 Missing Files in Audio Montage Dialog116 Assembling the Audio Montage120 Rearranging Clips122 Clip Editing129 Track Activity Indicator129 Envelopes for Clips132 Fades and Crossfades in the Audio

Montage136 About Cloning Audio Montages137 Mixing Down - The Render Function137 Notes Window

138 Recording138 Setting Up the Recording Dialog139 Dropping Markers During Recording139 Recording Dialog

143 Master Section144 Master Section Window151 Rendering155 About Monitoring Background Tasks155 About Dropouts

157 Markers157 Marker Types158 Markers Window160 About Creating Markers164 Deleting Markers165 Moving Markers165 Navigating to Markers165 Hiding Markers of a Certain Type166 Renaming Markers166 About Selecting Markers167 Selecting the Audio Between Markers168 Binding Markers to Clips in the Audio

Montage168 How Marker Information is Stored

169 Importing Audio CD Tracks169 Import Audio CD Dialog171 Importing Audio CD Tracks

172 Podcasts173 Podcast Workspace176 Creating a Podcast176 Setting Up a FTP for Podcast Publishing177 Publishing a Podcast177 FTP Site Dialog179 Checking the Podcast

180 Customizing180 Customizing the Wave Window and the

Montage Window189 About Customizing Shortcuts

193 Configuring the Software193 About Global Preferences196 Audio File Editing Preferences Dialog

198 Plug-in Reference198 Built-in Plug-ins201 Steinberg VST 3 Plug-ins

213 Index

5

Introduction

The Help System

The detailed help system of WaveLab LE makes it easy to look up interface features and get information from within the program.

Three main types of help are available:

• The help provides detailed information on the features and functionality of WaveLab LE. You can set bookmarks, and use the search function and index to quickly find information.

• “What’s This” tooltips give detailed information on the functionality of a specific user interface element.

• The status bar at the bottom of each workspace window gives detailed information on menu items when moving the mouse over an item.

• In the Audio Montage workspace, the status bar shows what kind of editing can be performed when using the mouse and modifier keys.

Accessing the Help System

There are several ways of accessing the help system.

• To open the WaveLab LE help, select Help > Contents.

• To open the manual in PDF format, browse to the installation folder. The documents are located in the Documentation folder.

• To show tooltips, move the mouse over an interface icon.

• To open the help for the active dialog, click the question mark icon on the title bar (Windows) or in the dialog (Mac OS) to show the Help button, and then click the Help button, or press [F1] (Windows) or [Command]-[?] (Mac OS).

IntroductionAbout the Program Versions

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• To use the menu help, move the mouse over a menu item. The help text is displayed on the status bar at the bottom of the workspace window.

• To see information on what kind of editing can be performed when using the mouse and modifier keys in the audio montage window, move the mouse over the montage window. The help text is displayed on the status bar at the bottom of the workspace window.

• To activate/deactivate the help texts on the status bar, select Options (WaveLab menu on Mac) > Global preferences > Display tab, and in the Workspaces section, select Display status bar.

To open the “What’s This” help, you have the following possibilities:

• In any workspace, press [Shift]-[F1], and move the mouse over an interface item, or select Help > What is this?.

• In a dialog, select the question mark icon on any title bar (Windows) or in the dialog (Mac OS), and move the mouse over an interface item or a menu option.

• Some “What’s this” tooltips have a different background color to indicate that a dedicated help topic is available in the WaveLab LE help. Click the link in the tooltip to open the corresponding information in the help.

About the Program Versions

The documentation covers two different operating systems, Windows and Mac OS X. Some features and settings are specific to one of the operation systems.

This is clearly stated in the applicable cases. If nothing else is said, all descriptions and procedures in the documentation are valid for all WaveLab LE versions for both Windows and Mac OS X.

The screenshots are taken from the English Windows version of WaveLab LE.

IntroductionTypographical Conventions

7

Typographical Conventions

Many of the default key commands in WaveLab LE use modifier keys, some of which are different depending on the operating system. For example, the default key command for Undo is [Ctrl]-[Z] on Windows and [Command]-[Z] on Mac OS X.

When key commands with modifier keys are described in this manual, they are shown with the Windows modifier key first, in the following way:

• [Win modifier key]/[Mac modifier key]-[key]

For example, [Ctrl]/[Command]-[Z] means “press [Ctrl] on Windows or [Command] on Mac OS X, then press [Z]”.

Similarly, [Alt]/[Option]-[X] means “press [Alt] on Windows or [Option] on Mac OS X, then press [X]”.

NOTE

This manual often refers to right-clicking, for example, to open context menus. If you are using a Mac with a single-button mouse, hold down [Ctrl] and click.

How You Can Reach Us

On the Help menu in WaveLab LE, you find items linking to additional information.

The menu contains links to various Steinberg web pages. Selecting a menu item automatically launches your browser and opens the page. On these pages, you can find support and compatibility information, answers to frequently asked questions, information about updates and other Steinberg products, etc. This requires that you have a web browser installed on your computer, and a working internet connection.

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Setting Up Your System

Before you start working, you need to make some settings.

IMPORTANTIMPORTANTIMPORTANTIMPORTANT

Make sure that all equipment is turned off before making any connections.

Connecting Audio

Your system setup depends on many different factors, for example, the kind of project that you want to create, the external equipment that you want to use, or the computer hardware available to you.

About Audio Cards and Background Playback

When you activate playback or recording in WaveLab LE, other applications cannot access the audio card. Likewise, if another application uses the audio card, WaveLab LE is unable to play back. The Windows MME driver is an exception from this.

You can run WaveLab LE together with other applications and always give the active application access to the audio card.

To do so, select Options > VST Audio Connections, and on the Options tab, activate Release driver when WaveLab is in background.

Setting Up Your SystemAbout Latency

9

About Latency

Latency is the delay between when audio is sent from the program and when you actually hear it. While a very low latency can be crucial in a real-time DAW application such as Steinberg Nuendo or Cubase, this is not strictly the case with WaveLab LE.

When working with WaveLab LE, the important issues are optimum and stable playback and editing precision. You should not try to reach the lowest possible latency figures.

The latency in an audio system depends on the audio hardware, its drivers, and settings. In case of dropouts, crackles, or glitches during playback, raise the Buffer Number setting on the VST Audio Connections dialog, or increase the buffer size in the ASIO control panel, specific to the audio card.

Defining VST Audio Connections

To be able to play back and record audio in WaveLab LE, you must specify how the internal input and output channels in WaveLab LE are connected to your sound card and which device you intend to use for audio playback and recording.

You can define the buffer settings for your device as well as set up connections to external gear, such as external effects units. You should select at least two channels for stereo playback and recording.

If you have no third-party audio card, you can select the Windows MME driver or Built-in Audio (Mac) options. You can also use MME with most third party audio cards, with the advantage that you can record and play at different sample rates. However, Windows MME drivers do not allow audio monitoring in the Recording dialog or multichannel operation, and other drivers generally offer better sound quality and performance.

Setting Up Your SystemDefining VST Audio Connections

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Selecting an ASIO Driver

Audio Stream Input/Output (ASIO) is a computer device driver protocol for digital audio specified by Steinberg. It provides a low-latency and high fidelity interface between a software application and the soundcard of a computer.

PROCEDURE

1. In any workspace, except the Podcast workspace, select Options > VST Audio Connections.

2. From the Audio Device menu, select your ASIO driver.The ASIO plug-ins tab and the Control panel button are activated.

3. Optional: Click the Control panel button and make your settings.

4. On the ASIO plug-ins tab, select the audio ports that are used for recording and monitor input of the ASIO plug-ins.

5. Click OK.

Selecting a Windows MME Driver

PROCEDURE

1. In any workspace, except the Podcast workspace, select Options > VST Audio Connections.

2. From the Audio Device menu, select the Windows MME driver.

3. On the Playback tab, select the audio ports that are used for playback.

4. On the Recording tab, select the audio ports that used for recording and monitor input.

5. Click OK.


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VST Audio Connections Dialog

This dialog allows you to specify how the internal input and output channels in WaveLab LE are connected to your sound card and which device you want to use for audio playback and recording.

In any workspace, except the Podcast workspace, select Options > VST Audio Connections.

Global Settings

Audio deviceHere, select the audio device that you want to use for playback and recording audio. If you do not have a third-party audio card, you can select the Windows MME driver or Built-in Audio (Mac) options.

Control panelWhen you select an ASIO driver, the Control panel button is activated. Click the button to open the settings application of your sound card, which is usually installed with the sound card. Depending on your sound card and driver, this provides settings for buffer size, digital formats, additional I/O connections, etc.

RefreshThis button causes audio devices to be evaluated again to reflect device changes.

Playback Tab

This tab allows you to select and name audio ports that are used for playback.

Recording Tab

This tab allows you to select and name your audio ports that are used for recording and input monitoring. The inputs that you define here are then available in the Recording dialog.


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Options Tab

This tab allows you to specify the number of buffers and the control driver functionality.

Buffer NumberIncreasing this value improves the elasticity of audio streaming to avoid dropouts.

MME Specific - Buffer sizeIncreasing this value improves the elasticity of audio streaming to avoid dropouts. This is only available when an MME driver is selected.

Reset driver when changing sample rateResets the driver when sample rate is changed. When playback or recording must be set to a new sample rate, certain audio device drivers must be fully reset to work properly. This operation takes some time.

Perform short fade-in/out when starting/stopping playbackPerforms a short fade-in when starting playback and a short fade-out when stopping playback. This avoids clicks that are caused by waveforms that are not starting on a zero-crossing point.

Release driver when WaveLab LE is in backgroundCloses the audio device when WaveLab LE is no longer the front application. This allows other audio applications to use the same audio device.

Setting Up Your SystemRemote Devices

13

Remote Devices

You can use remote devices to remote-control WaveLab LE.

Several commands can be controlled with knobs and sliders of your remote control device.

Remote Devices Dialog

This dialog allows you to select a device to remote-control WaveLab LE, and see the control map of MIDI control devices.

In any workspace, except the Podcast workspace, select Options > Remote devices.

Device Editing Tab

This tab lets you select a MIDI control device and see the control map.

ActiveActivates the selected device and scans the MIDI ports.

In-Port/Out-PortSelect the MIDI input/output ports of the device that you want to use.

NameLets you enter a map name.

Expand/CollapseExpands/collapses the folder tree of the control map.


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WaveLab LE action listThis folder tree lists the parameters that you can remote-control. The top folder represent contexts. The related parameters can only be controlled if the context is active. For example, if an audio file is active.

A remote control can be used in several contexts if these are exclusive. For example, parameters that can be used for an active audio file or an active audio montage.

The Global folder contain the parameters that can always be controlled.

Options Tab

This tab lets you use the MIDI Learn function to assign a control of a MIDI remote control device to a function.

Emulate mouse wheelIf this option is activated, the AI knob acts as a mouse wheel in the WaveLab LE user interface, except for plug-ins.

Edit focused numeric fieldIf this option is activated, the AI knob can be used to edit the focused numeric field that you find in many WaveLab LE windows and dialogs.

CC121 Advanced Integration Controller

You can use Steinberg's CC121 Advanced Integration Controller to control WaveLab LE.

This section describes the WaveLab LE factory preset for the CC121. For detailed information on how to use the controller, refer to the manual that came with the CC121. Note that the CC121 was originally designed for Cubase. The following mapping combines the WaveLab LE functionality with the CC121 controls. The controls that are not listed in the following paragraph are not assigned to a parameter.

Channel Section

You can use all controls of the CC121 channel section, except the fader, to control the elements of the selected track in a WaveLab LE audio montage. You can use the fader for the Master Section.

FaderControls the Master Section fader.


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PAN knobControls the gain of the selected track.

MuteMutes/unmutes the selected track.

SoloActivates/deactivates solo for the selected track.

CHANNEL SELECTSelects the previous/next track in the audio montage.

To move the cursor to the previous/next clip edge in the audio montage, hold [Alt]/[Option]. To move the cursor to the previous/next region edge, hold [Shift]. To move the cursor to the previous/next marker in the Audio Files workspace, hold [Ctrl]/[Command].

EQ Section

With the EQ section you can easily control the Steinberg Studio EQ plug-in.

If the EQ TYPE button is activated on the CC121, you can adjust the parameters of the focused Studio-EQ. All necessary EQ parameters, such as Q/F/G of each band, EQ TYPE selection, and ALL BYPASS on/off can be set. You can switch to WaveLab LE navigation mode by turning off the EQ TYPE button. In WaveLab LE navigation mode, you get access to alternative functions, such as scrolling, zooming, and switching between workspaces.

EQ Type activated:

Bandwidth knobs (Q)Adjusts the Q (bandwidth) of each EQ band.

Frequency knobs (F)Adjusts the center frequency of each EQ band.

Gain knobs (G)Adjusts the gain of each EQ band

ONActivates/deactivates the EQ bands.

ALL BYPASSActivates/deactivates bypass for all plug-ins in the Master Section.


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EQ Type deactivated:

LOW ONOpens the Audio Files workspace.

LOW-MID ONOpens the Audio Montage workspace.

HIGH-MID ONOpens the Batch Processors workspace.

HIGH ONOpens the Control Window.

EQ-1 knob for the EQ Gain (G)Scrolls left/right on the timeline.

EQ-2 knob for the EQ Gain (G)Adjusts the horizontal zoom on the timeline.

EQ-3 knob for the EQ Gain (G)Adjusts the vertical zoom on the timeline.

EQ-4 knob for the EQ Gain (G)Scrolls tracks on the Audio Montage workspace or scrolls vertically on the Audio Files workspace.

EQ-1 knob for the EQ Frequency (F)Scrolls left/right on the overview timeline of the Audio Files workspace.

EQ-2 knob for the EQ Frequency (F)Horizontally zooms in/out on the overview timeline of the Audio Files workspace.

EQ-3 knob for the EQ Frequency (F)Vertically zooms in/out on the overview timeline of the Audio Files workspace.

EQ-4 knob for the EQ Frequency (F)Vertically scrolls on the overview timeline of the Audio Files workspace.


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Transport Section

In this section you can control the transport functions of WaveLab LE.

Previous buttonMoves the cursor position to the beginning of the project.

Rewind buttonRewind

Forward buttonForward

Next buttonMoves the cursor position to the end of the project.

Cycle buttonActivates/deactivates Cycle mode.

Stop buttonStops playback. Press again to move the cursor to the previous start position. Press a third time to move the cursor to the beginning of the project.

Play buttonStarts playback.

Record buttonPress once to open the Recording window. Press again to start the recording. Press a third time to stop recording. The recorded file opens in the Audio Files workspace.

Function Section

In this section, you can adjust certain functions, such as fades and envelope level, by using the VALUE knob.

VALUE knob/buttonRotate this knob to adjust the assigned function. Press the knob to reset the parameter to its default value.

FUNCTION button 1Adjusts the fade-in settings of the focused clip.

FUNCTION button 2Adjusts the fade-out settings of the focused clip.

FUNCTION button 3Adjusts the envelope level of the focused clip.


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FUNCTION button 4The element clicked last on the Edit > Nudge menu in the Audio Montage workspace is assigned to this button.

AI Knob Section

WaveLab LE can be controlled with the AI knob of Steinberg’s CC121, CI2+, and CMC-AI controllers. With the AI knob, you can control the parameter that the mouse points to.

NOTE

The AI knob only works on parameters that are automatable.

In this section you can control parameters via the AI knob.

AI KNOBControls the VST 3plug-in parameters, emulates the mouse wheel, for example, for scrolling, and lets you edit a focused numeric field. To control a parameter with the AI knob, move the mouse cursor over the parameter that you want to control, and move the AI knob. You can activate/deactivate the emulation of the mouse wheel and the editing of the focused numeric field in the Options tab.

LOCKWhen the mouse cursor points to a parameter, press LOCK to control this parameter regardless of the position of the mouse cursor.

CUBASE READY Indicator

The CUBASE READY indicator has no function in WaveLab LE.

Foot Switch Section

The foot switch has the same function as [Shift]. Press and hold the foot switch while turning the AI knob to fine tune parameters.

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WaveLab LE Concepts

This chapter describes general concepts that you will use when working with WaveLab LE. Getting accustomed with these procedures allows you to work more effectively with the program.

General Editing Rules

The common editing operations can be used in any Steinberg product.

• To select and move interface items, and to select ranges, click and drag with the mouse.

• Use the keys of your computer keyboard to enter numeric values and text, to navigate lists and other selectable interface items, and to control the transport functions.

• Common operations like cut, copy, paste, or the selection of multiple items can be performed using standard keyboard shortcuts.

NOTE

The behavior of your product is also governed by your preference settings.

RELATED LINKS:“Global Preferences Dialog” on page 193

WaveLab LE ConceptsBasic Window Handling

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Basic Window Handling

WaveLab LE follows the basic guidelines for the Windows/Mac OS interface, which means that Windows/Mac OS standard procedures apply.

Closing Windows

• To close a tabbed window, click the “X” button of the corresponding tab or press [Ctrl]/[Command]-[W].

• To close a tabbed window without saving your changes, hold [Ctrl]/[Command]-[Shift], and click the “X” button. This avoids having to confirm a warning message whenever you want to close an unsaved window.

• To close all tabbed windows at once, right-click a tab, and select Close all.

• To close all tabbed windows but the selected tabbed window, right-click a tab, and select Close all but this one.

• To individually select the tabbed windows that you want to close, right-click a tab, and select Select files to close. This opens the Files to close dialog, where you can select the files that you want to close.

RELATED LINKS:“Files to Close Dialog” on page 49“Managing Tabs” on page 48

Switching Between Files

You can have multiple files open and switch between them.

• To bring a file to the front, click the corresponding tab.

• To cycle between all open files in a workspace, hold [Ctrl]/[Command], and press [Tab] continuously.

• To cycle back and forth between the last two active files, press [Ctrl]/[Command]-[Tab]. Between each step you have to release all keys.

• To cycle backwards, press [Ctrl]/[Command]-[Shift]-[Tab].

WaveLab LE ConceptsBasic Window Handling

21

Window Switcher

The window switchers let you easily switch between workspaces, create new workspaces, or open existing projects. There are two types of window switchers: The central switcher bar and the floating window switcher.

The floating window switcher behaves like the central switcher bar, but takes less room and floats above other windows.

• To activate/deactivate the central switcher bar, in the Audio Files workspace or the Audio Montage workspace, select Workspace > Command bars > Central switcher bar.

Using the Central Switcher Bar

You can use the central switcher bar to navigate through your workspaces.

• To copy a file from one workspace to another, drag it to the button of the workspace that you want to open, wait until the workspace becomes active, and release the file where you want.

• To create a new file in any workspace, press [Ctrl]/[Command], and click a workspace button.

• To open the Open window to select a file, press [Shift], and click a workspace button.

• To display a menu listing the files that have recently been used in a particular workspace, right-click any workspace icon.

• To create a new file or open a file, right-click any workspace icon, and select New or Open. While left-clicking activates a workspace, right-clicking does not activate a workspace.

WaveLab LE ConceptsSelecting Audio

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Customizing the Central Switcher Bar

You can customize the central switcher bar using the settings menu.

To open the settings menu, right-click an empty part of the central switcher bar.

HideHides the central switcher bar.

FoldMinimizes the central switcher bar to a thin line. To unfold the bar, click the thin line.

Left side/Top/Right side/BottomDetermines the location of the central switcher bar.

Large/Medium/Small sizeDetermines the size of the central switcher bar.

Workspace buttonsDetermines which workspace buttons are visible on the central switcher bar.

Selecting Audio

Almost all types of editing and processing that you perform in WaveLab LE operate on the audio selection. There are numerous ways to make an audio selection.

To select the whole audio file, double-click it. If the audio file contains markers, triple-click it.


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Selecting a Range by Dragging

The standard way to select a range in a wave window is to click and drag.

If you drag all the way to the left or right side of the window, it scrolls automatically, allowing you to select larger sections than what can be shown in the window. The speed of the scrolling depends on how far from the window edge you are.

Audio Range Selection in an Audio File

You can edit, process, or play back selection of an audio file.

In the Audio Files workspace, select Edit > Select time range.

AllSelects the entire waveform.

ToggleToggles the current audio selection on/off.

Extend to start of fileExtends the selection to the start of the audio file. If there is no selection, a selection is created from the edit cursor position.

Extend to end of fileExtends the selection to the end of the audio file. If there is no selection, a selection is created from the edit cursor position.

Extend to previous markerExtends the left edge of the selection to the nearest marker to the left or the start of the audio file. If there is no selection, a selection is extended until the edit cursor position.

Extend to next markerExtends the right edge of the selection to the nearest marker to the right or the end of the audio file. If there is no selection, a selection is extended until the next marker position.

Extend to cursorExtends the selection to the edit cursor position.

From start of file until cursorSelects the range between the start of the audio file and the edit cursor position.


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From cursor to end of fileSelects the range between the edit cursor position and the end of the audio file.

From cursor to previous markerSelects the range between the edit cursor position and the nearest marker to the left or the start of the audio file.

From cursor to next markerSelects the range between the edit cursor position and the next marker or the end of the audio file.

Playback position => Selection startCreates a selection range from the playback position to the end of the audio file. If no playback is taking place, the position of the edit cursor is used.

Playback position => Selection endCreates a selection range from the playback position to start of the audio file. If no playback is taking place, the position of the edit cursor is used.

Double lengthDoubles the length of the current selection range.

Halve lengthHalves the length of the current selection range.

Extend to all channelsExtends the current selection range to all channels.

Left channel onlyReduces the current selection range to the left channel only.

Right channel onlyReduces the current selection range to the right channel only.

Generic regionSelects the range between the two generic markers that encompass the edit cursor.


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Selecting in Stereo Files

If you are working on stereo material in the Audio Files workspace, you can apply an operation to one channel only or to the entire stereo material.

Which channel is selected when you click and drag in the wave window depends on where you position the mouse cursor, as indicated by the pointer shape. The pointer shape indicates which channel will be affected.

The following pointer shapes are available:

Switching the Selection Between Channels

You can switch the selection that you have made for a channel to all channels or switch the selection to the other channel.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace’s wave window, make a selection range.

2. Select Edit > Select time range, and select Extend to all channels, Left channel only, or Right channel only, or press [Tab] to cycle between the different channel selections.

Selecting in the Overview of the Audio Files Workspace

The selection ranges that you make in the overview of the Audio Files workspace also apply to the main view.

PROCEDURE

• In the Audio Files workspace’s wave window, hold down [Ctrl]/[Command], and click and drag in the overview.

Pointer Shape Description

Clicking in the upper half of the left channel selects the left channel.

Clicking in the middle area between the left and the right channel selects both channels.

Clicking in the lower half of the right channel selects the right channel.


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Moving a Selection Range

If a selection range is the right length, but at the wrong position, you can move it.

PROCEDURE

1. In the wave window, hold down [Ctrl]/[Command]-[Shift].

2. Click in the middle of the selection and drag to the left/right.

Extending and Reducing the Selection

You can resize a selection range in the wave window without having to make a new one.

There are several ways to extend/reduce the selection:

• Make a selection range, [Shift]-click outside the selection range, and drag to the left/right, or click and drag the edges of the selection range to the left/right.

• To extend the selection to the previous/next boundary (marker or start/end of file), press [Shift] and double-click the non-selected area between the boundaries.

Extending and Reducing the Selection Using the Cursor Keys

• To move the start/end of a selection in the wave window to the left/right, hold down [Shift] and press the left/right cursor keys. To move it in bigger steps, press the [Page Up]/[Page Down] keys.

• To extend a selection to the previous/next boundary in the wave window (marker or start/end of the audio file), hold down [Ctrl]/[Command]+[Shift] and press the left/right cursor keys.

Deleting Selections

There are several options for deleting a selected time range.

Audio Files Workspace

The following options can be found on the Edit menu:

TrimRemoves the data outside the selection.

WaveLab LE ConceptsSliders

27

RemoveRemoves the selection. The audio to the right of the selection is moved to the left to fill the gap.

Sliders

At various places in WaveLab LE, slider controls are available to change parameters. There are a number of ways to change the value of a slider.

• Position the mouse over the slider and use the mouse wheel (no click is required). Hold [Ctrl]/[Command] while using the mouse wheel to scroll faster. This modifier also applies to the zoom wheels. To move the button of a slider, click and drag it.

• To move the slider handle directly to a position, click the slider at any position.

• To move the slider handle in smaller steps, right-click or below the handle. Keep the mouse button pressed to automatically step to the next value.

• To reset the slider to the default value, if available, [Ctrl]/[Command]-click the slider, or click using the third mouse button, or double-click the handle.

Renaming Items in Tables

You can rename items in tables in the Markers window, and in the Clips window.

• To rename an item, double-click it or select it, and press [Return], and enter the new name.

• To rename the previous/next item, press [Arrow Up] or [Arrow Down] instead of [Return]. This way you move the focus on the previous/next item, while staying in the edit mode.

WaveLab LE ConceptsFile Browser

28

File Browser

The File Browser window in the Audio Files workspace and the Audio Montage workspace allows you to browse files directly from within WaveLab LE. It can be very useful in speeding up the process of auditioning sound files.

The File Browser window provides you with all the standard browsing functions as well as additional controls to audition audio files and any marker defined regions. You can use it to open or insert files or regions of files by dragging them onto an open workspace.

You can also choose to only view certain types of files.

File Browser Window

In this window, you can browse files and open them in WaveLab LE.

In the Audio Files workspace or the Audio Montage workspace, select Workspace > Specific tool windows > File Browser.

You can add your favorite folders to the left pane by dragging them from the middle pane.

The following options are available in the File Browser windows:

Look inLets you select a file location to browse and lists the recently used locations.

Back/Forward/Parent DirectoryLet you navigate through the list and file hierarchy.

List ViewShows only the file name in the file list.

Detail ViewShows the file name, size, type, and modification date in the file list.

WaveLab LE ConceptsPeak Files

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File nameShows the file name of the selected file.

File format listLets you select which file format to display.

The following options are only available in the File Browser window in the Audio Montage workspace:

Select Audio FilesShows only audio files.

Select Audio MontagesShows only audio montages.

Auto-Play modeStarts playback automatically for the selected file.

Play selected audio filePlays the selected audio file.

Peak Files

A peak file (extension “.gpk”) is automatically created by WaveLab LE each time an audio file is modified or opened in WaveLab LE for the first time. The peak file contains information about the waveform and determines how it is drawn in the wave window or the montage window.

Peak files speed up the time it takes to draw the corresponding waveform.

By default, the peak file is stored in the same location as the audio file.

Rebuilding Peak Displays

Normally, peak files are automatically updated when the peak file’s date is older than the audio file’s date. However, it can happen that the date of the audio file is wrong and therefore not automatically updated. In this case you can force a rebuild of the peak file.

PROCEDURE

• In the Audio Files workspace, select View > Rebuild peak display.

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Program Overview

Command Bars

Commonly used tools, shortcuts, and commands are represented by command buttons. Related buttons are grouped into various Command bars.

Command bars in the Audio Files workspace

You can dock Command bars to any window edge or open them in a separate window, and rearrange them freely. Each workspace has an appropriate set of command bars that can be displayed. All the commands that are represented by the command buttons are also available on the menus.

Hiding and Showing Command Bars

You can hide command bars that are irrelevant for your project.

• To view a list of available command bars, in the Audio Files workspace or the Audio Montage workspace, right-click an empty part of the top edge of the workspace, or select Workspace > Command bars.

Program OverviewStatus Bar

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Docking Command Bars

Command bars can either be used as separate floating windows or docked at the top, bottom, left, or right side of the workspace window.

• To make a command bar floatable, right-click the bar, and select Floatable. Then click the dots on the left side or the top of the command bar to drag the bar to another location.

• To dock a floating command bar, right-click the bar, and select Floatable. Then click the dots on the left side of the command bar to drag the bar to the top, bottom, left, or right side of the workspace window.

Status Bar

The status bar at the bottom of the screen of the Audio Files workspace and the Audio Montage workspace shows information about the active window using the units specified in the rulers.

The information displayed on the status bar is updated depending on the cursor position and on the audio selection that you have made.

Time/Level (dB)Displays the time of the audio file at the mouse cursor position. In the Audio Files workspace, it also displays the level.

Audio information at edit cursorDisplays the time at the position of the edit cursor. This information changes when you reposition the cursor.

• To define the cursor position, click the indicator to open the Cursor position dialog.

• To focus the cursor position, right-click the indicator.

Audio selection indicator (Audio Files workspace)In the Audio Files workspace, this displays the length of the current selection, or the total length of the audio file if no selection has been made.

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When you have zoomed in, you can right-click the indicator to display the selected audio range, the focused clip, or the whole file. Left-click the indicator to open the Audio Range dialog, where you can define or refine a selection.

Zoom indicatorDisplays the current zoom factor.

• To open a pop-up menu, where you can make additional zoom settings, click the indicator.

• To open the Zoom factor dialog, where you can edit the zoom factor, right-click the indicator.

Sampler key indicator (Audio Files workspace only)Indicates the key of the current audio file (if defined). Click the indicator to open the Sample Attributes window.

Audio properties indicatorIn the Audio Files workspace, this displays the bit resolution and the sample rate. It also indicates whether the audio file is mono or stereo. Click the indicator to open the Audio properties dialog.

In the Audio Montage workspace, this displays the number of audio channels and the sample rate of the audio montage. Click the indicator to open the Audio Montage properties dialog.

Play through Master SectionIf this button is activated, the audio is played through the Master Section. If the button is deactivated, the Master Section is ignored.

Document button (drag and drop)Allows you to drag the current file into another file, for example, an audio file to the Audio Montage workspace. This is equivalent to dragging the file tab.

Background informationThe status bar shows the progress of some background operations, such as rendering an effect. The operation can be paused or canceled using the provided buttons.

Program OverviewContext Menus

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Context Menus

Throughout WaveLab LE, various context menus are available. These menus group the commands and/or options that are specific to the current working window.

The context menus appear when you right-click certain areas and are useful for speeding up your workflow.

For example, right-click a file tab to open a context menu with some relevant file options. Right-click the ruler of the waveform window brings up the Time Ruler context menu that allows you to access a number of options for changing the time ruler display format.

You can find most context menu commands in the main menus, but some commands are only available in context menus. When you search for a function, right-click the current working window to check if it has a context menu.

Context menu in the montage window

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Time Ruler and Level Ruler

In the Audio Files workspace, you can display a time and a level ruler in the wave window. In the Audio Montage workspace, you can display a time ruler in the montage window.

You can also determine which time and level units the rulers show.

Time Ruler and Level Ruler Options

You can specify the time and level (amplitude) formats for each ruler in each wave window and the time formats for each ruler in the montage window separately by right-clicking the ruler, and selecting a format from the pop-up menu.

Time Ruler Menu

TimecodeDisplays a list of frames per second for various SMPTE timecodes and for CD resolution.

ClockDisplays time units.

SamplesPositions are shown as number of samples. The number of samples per second depends on the sample rate of the audio file. For example, at 44.1 kHz, there are 44100 samples per second.

Bars and beatsIf this is selected, the ruler is linear relative to the meter position.

Time rulerLevel ruler (Audio Files workspace only)


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File size (Audio Files workspace only)Shows positions in MegaBytes. Decimals represent KiloBytes.

Show grid (Audio Montage workspace only)Displays vertical lines in the montage window, aligned with time ruler marks.

Time formatOpens the Time format dialog, where you can edit the appearance of the time ruler formats.

Save current settings as defaultIf this option is activated, the time ruler uses the current time format in all new wave windows or montage windows.

Set ruler’s origin to start of fileIf this option is activated, the ruler’s zero position is set to the beginning of the first sample.

Set ruler’s origin at cursorIf this option is activated, the ruler’s zero position is set to the current cursor position.

Set ruler’s origin to BWF reference (Audio Files workspace only)If this option is activated, the first sample matches the BWF time reference, provided that the time reference is available.

Level Ruler Menu (Audio Files workspace only)

dBSets the level format to decibels.

+-100 %Sets the level format to percentage.

Normalized +1/-1Sets the level format to a ruler gradation corresponding to 32-bit float audio.

16-bit rangeSets the level format to a ruler gradation corresponding to 16-bit audio.

24-bit rangeSets the level format to a ruler gradation corresponding to 24-bit audio.

Save current settings as defaultIf this option is activated, the level ruler uses the current level format in all new wave windows.


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Time Format Dialog

In this dialog, you can customize the time format. The time format of the ruler is also used in various time fields, for example, the status bar and certain dialogs.

In the Audio Files workspace, depending on whether you want to set the time format for the overview display or the main view display, select View > Overview display > Time ruler > Time format or View > Main view display > Time ruler > Time format.

In the Audio Montage workspace, select View > Time ruler > Time format.

Timecode Tab

On this tab, you can configure the appearance of the Timecode option.

Frames per secondList of standard frame rates. From the drop-down menu, select Other to enter a custom frame rate. You can also choose which frames/units are displayed.

Show absolute framesShows the time format as a number of frames, without other time elements.

Show quarter framesAdds the quarter frame number to the time format.

Show hundredth framesAdds the number of a hundredths of a frame to the time format.

Show unitsAdds time units to the time format of the ruler.


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Clock Tab

On this tab, you can configure the appearance of the Clock option.

Show UnitsAdds time units to the time format of the ruler.

CompactShows the time without unit indicators.

Meter Tab

On this tab, you can configure the appearance of the Bars and beats option.

Time signatureLets you edit the time signature used to display the time represented as a musical notation.

TempoLets you edit the tempo used to display the time represented as a musical notation.

Ticks per quarter noteLets you edit the number of ticks per quarter note that are used to display times that are compatible with your sequencer.

Setting the Cursor Position

Many operations, such as playback and selection, depend on the current cursor position. For example, playback often starts at the cursor position. The current cursor position is indicated by a vertical flashing line.

There are various ways to move the cursor:

• Click somewhere in the wave window, the montage window, or the time ruler. If you have made a selection, click the time ruler to prevent deselecting.

Program OverviewValue Editing

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• Click and drag in the time ruler.

• Use the transport controls.

• Select View > Move cursor to, and select an option.

• Use the cursor keys.

• Double-click a marker.

Working With a Meter-Based Display

If your working material is tempo-based, you can select the meter format (bars, beats, and ticks) for the ruler legend. This makes it easier to find musically related cutting points.

PROCEDURE

1. In the wave window or the montage window, right-click the time ruler, and select Bars and beats.

2. Right-click the time ruler, and select Time format.

3. On the Meter tab, set the Time signature and Tempo to values that match your audio file.

4. Set the Ticks per quarter note setting to a number that you feel comfortable with.For example, this can be the same value that is used by your MIDI sequencer.

5. Click OK.

Value Editing

At various places in the program, numerical values can be edited by using a combination of text fields and spin controls.

These values are sometimes composed of several parts, for example, 12 mn 30 sec 120 ms. Each value can be edited by using any of the following methods:

• To change a value, click in a value field and type a new value, or click the small arrows in the value field.

• To change the value by one unit at a time, press the [Left Arrow] and [Right Arrow] keys.

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• To change the value by several units, press the page up and page down keys.

• To change the value using the mouse wheel, position the mouse cursor over a value, and spin the mouse wheel, or use the AI knob of your MIDI controller.

• To change the value with the mouse, click a value and drag the mouse up or down.

• To jump to the maximum and minimum values, press the [Home] and [End] keys.

• To move from one part of the value to another, press the [Left Arrow] and [Right Arrow] keys.

Drag Operations

WaveLab LE makes much use of drag-and-drop techniques to perform various operations, some of which cannot be performed otherwise. These are referred to as drag operations in this documentation.

• To drag an object, click and hold with the mouse when positioned on the object and drag it. Drop the object by releasing the button.

Many types of objects can be dragged between different source and destination locations including files, text, clips, items in a list, and markers.

NOTE

It is also possible to drag and drop files from WaveLab LE to Steinberg’s Nuendo.

Drag objects within and between workspaces to perform the following operations:

• To dock a tool window, drag its title bar to any side of the workspace, beside or above another tool window.

• To move a command bar, drag the bar grip at the left-hand end of a command bar and reposition it.

• To reorder a tab within its own tabbed group, drag horizontally. To move a tab to another workspace, drag vertically.

• To drag any object to another workspace, use the Central Switcher bar. Drag the object over the corresponding workspace icon in the Central Switcher bar, wait until the new workspace becomes active, and drag the tab in the target workspace.

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• To open a file, drag a compatible file from the File Browser window of WaveLab LE, from the file browser of the operation system, or from another application to the tab bar.

• To create a copy of a file, drag its tab vertically to another position of the tab bar, then press [Ctrl]/[Option], and release the mouse button.

Dragging in the Audio Files Workspace and Audio Montage Workspace

• To insert an audio file in another audio file, drag the title bar tab or document button of the file onto the waveform area of another file. You can also drag an audio file directly from the File Browser window, the file browser of your system, or from another application into the Audio Files workspace.

• To move a marker, drag it along the time ruler.

• To create a copy of this marker, press [Shift], and drag it to another position on the time ruler.

• To delete a marker, drag it above the time ruler.

• To copy an audio selection, drag a selected region of audio onto the waveform area of the same file or another file.

• To change the extent of a selection range, position the edit cursor at the start/end of the selection range, and drag to the left or right.

• To move the edit cursor without losing the current selection, and to snap it to an anchor, press [Shift], and move the mouse near the audio file/montage cursor. The mouse cursor shape changes and you can drag the cursor left and right.

• To move the edit cursor without changing or losing the current selection, press [Shift], click the edit cursor, and drag it to another position.

• To scroll the waveform horizontally, click the bar above the time ruler and drag left or right. You can also click anywhere on the waveform using the 3rd mouse button, and drag left or right.

• To create a generic marker from a selected text, drop text that you have selected in an external application onto the time ruler. The text becomes the marker’s name.

• To create a stereo copy of a mono file, or a mixed copy of a stereo file, drag a tab to another position of the tab bar, press [Ctrl]-[Alt] (Windows) or [Options]-[Ctrl] (Mac), and release the mouse button.

Program OverviewUndoing and Redoing

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Dragging in the Podcast Workspace

• To reorder episodes in the episodes list, drag them to another position.

Dragging in the Master Section

• To change the order of processing, drag effects between different effects slots.

Undoing and Redoing

You can undo and redo as many steps as you like. The only limitation is the available hard disk space.

By default, when undoing or redoing any operation in the Audio Files workspace or the Audio Montage workspace, the zoom factor, cursor position, scroll position, clip selection status, and time range are restored to the state before the operation occured.

• To undo a step, in the Audio Files workspace or Audio Montage workspace, select Edit > Undo.

• To redo a step, in the Audio Files workspace or Audio Montage workspace, select Edit > Redo.

Zooming

There are several zooming functions in the Audio Files workspace and Audio Montage workspace.

Horizontal Zooming

• When you zoom out as far as possible, the entire file fits in the window.

• When you zoom in as far as possible, each sample occupies several pixels on the screen. This allows for single sample-accurate editing of waveforms.

Program OverviewZooming

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Vertical Zooming

• When you zoom out as far as possible, the height of the wave fits in the window.

• As you progressively zoom in, the display only shows a part of the total height. The vertical scrollbars lets you adjust exactly which section is shown. Check the ruler to see which part of the waveform is currently shown in the display.

• To optimize the vertical zoom of the waveform, press [Ctrl]/[Command], click and hold the time ruler, and move the mouse up or down.

High Zoom Level

• When the zooming level is very high, each sample is shown with a step and a bullet. The steps show the real digitized state, while the bullets make it easier to see the samples, especially for zeroed samples.

• The curve also represents an estimation of the analog reconstructed signal to give hints on true peaks.

Zooming in the Overview and Main View Sections (Audio Files Workspace Only)

• You can have different zoom levels in the overview and main view section. In the overview, a range indicator on the time ruler indicates which section of the file is currently displayed in the main view. The range indicator is only shown if the option Sync with other view is deactivated.

• To adjust the zoom level, drag the edges of the range indicator.


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• To scroll in the main view, drag the range indicator.

Range indicator at the top of the overview display

• To adjust the zoom level using the scrollbar, drag the edges of the scrollbar.

Zooming Using the Zoom Controls

Both the main view and the overview have horizontal and vertical zoom controls.

• To zoom horizontally, click the Horizontal zoom control, and drag left or right, or use the mouse wheel.

• To zoom vertically, click the Vertical zoom control, and drag up or down, or use the mouse wheel.

• To fully zoom-out, double-click the zoom controls.


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Zooming Using the Magnifying Glass Tool

The Magnifying Glass tool is used to zoom in a specific section of the waveform so that is occupies the entire wave window. This is only available in the Audio Files workspace.

Using the Magnifying Glass Tool in the Main View

The selection that you make in the main view of the wave window is magnified and fills up the entire main view.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, activate the Magnifying Glass tool by doing one of the following:• Click the Magnifying Glass icon.

• Hold down [Ctrl]/[Command].

2. In the main view of the wave window, click and drag left or right, and release the mouse button.The selected part of the wave now occupies the entire main window.

Using the Magnifying Glass Tool in the Overview

The selection that you make in the overview of the wave window is displayed in the main view.

PROCEDURE

• In the overview of the wave window, click and drag left or right, and release the mouse button.

RESULT

The selected range of the waveform is shown in the main view.


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Zooming Using the Mouse

With the mouse, you can change the zoom factor by clicking and dragging or by scrolling the mousewheel.

• To zoom horizontally, in the wave window or the montage window, position the mouse cursor over the time ruler, click, and drag up or down.

• To zoom horizontally while maintaining the cursor position, position the mouse cursor over the time ruler, press [Shift], and drag up or down.

• To zoom horizontally using the mousewheel, press [Ctrl]/[Command], point at a waveform, and move the mousewheel.

• To zoom vertically using the mousewheel, press [Shift], point at a waveform, and move the mousewheel.

Audio Files Workspace Only

• To zoom vertically, in the wave window, position the mouse cursor over the level ruler, click, and drag left or right.

• To reset the vertical zoom to 0 dB, double-click the level ruler.

• To set the vertical zoom to the best value that is the current minimum and maximum displayed samples, make sure that the level ruler is set to 0 dB, and double-click the level ruler.

Zooming Using the Keyboard

A quick way to zoom the active wave or montage window is to use the arrow keys on the computer keyboard.

• To zoom horizontally in the active wave window or montage window, press [Arrow Up] or [Arrow Down].

• To zoom vertically in the active wave/montage window, hold [Shift], and press [Arrow Up] or [Arrow Down].

• To zoom vertically to fit the available height, press [Ctrl]/[Command]-[Shift]-[Arrow Up].

• To zoom out fully, press [Ctrl]/[Command]-[Arrow Down]. To zoom in fully, press [Ctrl]/[Command]-[Arrow Up].


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Zoom Menu

The zoom menu allows you to quickly access various zoom settings.

In the Audio Files workspace or the Audio Montage workspace, select View > Zoom.

View allZooms out as far as possible.

Zoom in on 1 minute/30 seconds/10 seconds/.../500 msAdjusts the zoom to display the selected time range.

Zoom in 1:1Zooms in so that one pixel on the screen represents one sample.

MicroscopeZooms in as far as possible.

Zoom selectionZooms the window so that the current selection occupies the entire wave/montage window.

Zoom in on selected clips (Audio Montage workspace only)Zooms in to display all selected clips in the wave/montage window.

Zoom in audioZooms in in small steps.

Zoom out audioZooms out in small steps.

EditOpens the Zoom factor dialog, where you can edit the zoom factor.

• Samples per screen point allows you to specify how many audio samples are summarized in each screen point.

• Screen points per sample allows you to specify how many screen points are used to represent a single audio sample.


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Reset vertical zoom to 1:1Adjusts zoom to display audio levels up to 0 dB.

Optimize vertical zoomChanges the vertical zoom factor so that the peaks are clearly visible. This adjustment is done according to the section of the wave that is currently visible in the wave/montage window.

Optimize vertical zoom (Audio Files workspace only)Zooms in to display all audio peaks in the wave window.

Zoom to -12 db/-24 db/.../-96 dbAdjusts the zoom to only display samples below the selected dB value.

Zoom in verticallyZooms in to show waveforms with a lower level.

Zoom out verticallyZooms out to show waveforms with a higher level.

About Zooming in the Audio Montage Workspace

Zooming options in the Audio Montage workspace are almost similar to those in the Audio Files workspace. However, there are additional zooming options for tracks and the Zoom window for displaying a close-up view of the beginning of the focused track.

Zoom Buttons in the Audio Montage Workspace

The zoom buttons in the Audio Montage workspace allow you to apply zoom presets.

• To only display the focused track, or also the tracks below and/or above the focused track, click the corresponding buttons.

• To set the zoom setting to fit the focused clips in 25 %, 50 %, or 100 % of the available space, click the corresponding buttons.

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• To select a certain area, click [Ctrl]/[Command], and drag the rectangle over the tracks and clips that you want to zoom in.

Displaying More or Less Tracks

The number of tracks that are displayed in the Audio Montage workspace can be changed with the magnification controls in the lower right corner of the montage window.

• To display more tracks, click the smaller magnifying glass icon.

• To display less tracks, click the larger magnifying glass icon.

• To make a single track fit the whole montage window, click the numbered button to the left of a track, and select Zoom from the pop-up menu. You can also right-click the lower area of a track, and select Whole clip from the pop-up menu.

Managing Tabs

A tab is a container for a file in WaveLab LE. You can open several tabs, but only one can be active at a time. The Tabs menu allows you to sort and close tabs and navigate between the tabs.

Close/Close all but active/Close allCloses the active tab, all tabs except the active tab, or all tabs.

Select files to closeOpens a dialog in which you can specify the files to be closed.

SortLets you sort the tabs by name, date, or modification date. If several tab groups exist, only the active tab group is sorted.

Activate next/previousSelects the next/previous tab.

Pick listOpens a list of all open tabs. To open a tab, double-click it.

Program OverviewPresets

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Files to Close Dialog

In this dialog, you can specify which files you want to close.

In any workspace, except the Control Window workspace, select Tabs > Select files to close.

Files listDisplays all open files. You can set a checkmark for the files that you want to close. By default, only the active file will remain open and all other files will be closed.

Select allSelect all files in the list.

Select noneDeselects all files in the list.

Close filesCloses the files.

Presets

You can create presets to save commonly used settings. WaveLab LE provides a selection of presets that can be used by most dialogs.

You can save customized presets. The next time that you load the program, the presets are available.

Presets are saved as single files and can be organized in subfolders. The root folder of the preset is different for each type of preset and cannot be changed.


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Saving a Preset

Saved presets can be used to apply commonly used settings to dialogs or plug-ins.

PROCEDURE

1. Open the dialog that you want to use, and modify the parameters.

2. Select the Preset menu, and select Save as.

3. Optional: Click the folder icon, and select a name for a subfolder in which you want to save the preset.

4. Type in a name, and click Save.

Loading Presets

To apply a saved preset to a dialog or plug-in, you must load the preset.

PROCEDURE

• Inside a dialog, click the Presets menu, and select the preset that you want to apply to the dialog.

Modifying a Preset

You can modify a preset and save the changes.

PROCEDURE

1. Open the dialog that you want to use, and load the preset that you want to modify.

2. Modify the parameters of the dialog.

3. Click the Preset menu, and select Save.


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Deleting a Preset

PROCEDURE

1. Open the dialog that you want to use and select the preset that you want to delete.

2. Click the Presets menu, and select Organize presets.

3. In the Explorer window, select the preset file that you want to delete, and press [Delete].

Storing and Restoring Temporary Presets

Some dialogs allow you to save and load up to 5 temporary presets. This is useful if you want to quickly test and compare different settings.

Storing Presets

PROCEDURE

1. Open the dialog that you want to use, and make your settings.

2. Click the Presets menu, and from the Store temporarily submenu, select a slot.

Restoring Presets

PROCEDURE

1. Open the dialog in which you have saved a preset.

2. Click the Presets menu, and from the Restore submenu, select a preset.

Program OverviewSaving a Picture of the Active Window

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Saving a Picture of the Active Window

You can save a picture of the active window in the BMP, JPG/JPEG, or PNG file format, or copy it to the clipboard.

NOTE

Plug-in windows are not included in the picture.

PROCEDURE

1. Click in the window for which you want to save a picture.For example, click in the wave window or the montage window.

2. In the Audio Files workspace or the Audio Montage workspace, select View > Save picture of active window.The Save picture of active window dialog opens.

3. In the Save picture of active window dialog, you have the following options:• To copy the picture to the clipboard, activate Copy to clipboard.

• To save the picture in a specified file format, activate Save as file. Optionally, you can activate Open picture after saving.

4. Click OK.• If you have activated Copy to clipboard, the picture is copied to

the clipboard.

• If you have activated Save as file, the Save as dialog opens where you can specify the file location, file format, and file name. Click Save to confirm your settings.

If you have set the montage window as the active window, the resulting picture could look like this.

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File Operations

Recently Used Files

All files that you have recently used in WaveLab LE are saved in a list. This helps you to gain fast access to recent projects. You can open recently used files via the File menu.

Setting the Number of Recently Used Files

PROCEDURE

1. In any workspace, select Options (WaveLab menu on Mac) > Global preferences > Display.

2. In the Miscellaneous options section, set the maximum number of items that you want to list in the following areas:• Recent file menus

3. Click OK.

Save and Save As

• When you save a file for the first time, it does not matter whether you select Save or Save as.

• Once a file has been saved, select File > Save, or press [Ctrl]/[Command]-[S] to update the file and make the changes permanent.

• If you want to specify a new name, location, and/or file format, select File > Save as.

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• In the Audio Files workspace, all save operations except Save Copy clear the undo history, which means that after saving you cannot undo or redo.

About Tab Colors

Tab colors give information on whether a file is saved or not.

The following colors can be shown:

Orange

The file is saved.

Green (Audio Files workspace only)

The file uses a decoded file format and is saved.

Purple

A new file that is not empty but has not been saved yet. For example, when creating a new file and pasting content into it.

Red

The file has been modified and changes have not been saved yet.

Unsaved Changes Indicator

When you have made changes to a file, an asterisk is displayed next to the file name until you save the file and the tab changes its color.

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Save Multiple Files at Once

You can save some or all open files at once.

PROCEDURE

1. In any workspace, except the Control Window, select File > Save all.

2. Select the files that you want to save.

3. Click Save.

Reverting to Saved File

You can revert the file you are working on back to its last saved state. This undoes all the changes made to the file since it was last saved.

PROCEDURE

1. In any workspace, except the Control Window, select File > Revert to saved.

2. In the warning dialog, click Yes to revert to the last saved state.

RESULT

The last saved version of the file is loaded from disk.

Automatic Backups

Backups are created automatically if a file with the same name already exists.

For example, if you select Save As and specify a file name already used in that folder, you will be asked if you want to back up the existing file first. If you click Yes, the backup name will be the original name, with “.bak” added at the end.

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About Saving Audio Montages

The saving operations for audio montages are the same as for audio files. However, there are things to note when saving audio montages.

• Audio montage files only contain references to audio files. If you want to rename audio files referenced by audio montages, use the Rename dialog. All clip references are updated automatically.

• If the audio montage contains clips that refer to untitled audio files, save these audio files before saving the audio montage.

File Renaming

The Rename function allows you to rename a file and update all references automatically. For example, if you rename an audio file named “India” to “Sitar”, all currently open files that reference the file “India” are updated to reference the file as “Sitar”.

Audio files, peak, and marker files are also renamed accordingly.

Renaming a File

PROCEDURE

1. Select the file that you want to rename.

2. In any workspace, except the Control Window, select File > Rename.

3. Enter the new name and/or a new file location.

4. Select a file suffix from the drop-down list.

5. Click OK.

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Rename File Dialog

In this dialog, you can choose a new file name, file extension, and folder location for the active file.

In any workspace, except the Control Window, select File > Rename.

NameType in the new name.

File extension drop-down listSelect a case for the file extension.

Change folderIf this option is activated, you can change the folder location of the file.

NOTE

This is only possible within the same drive partition.

Keep as defaultIf this option is activated, the same path is selected next time you open the dialog. This is useful if you need to move several files successively.

File OperationsDeleting Files

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Deleting Files

You can delete the currently active file from within WaveLab LE.

PREREQUISITE

The file that you want to delete is not copied to the clipboard, is not pasted into another file that is open, and is not open in another application.

PROCEDURE

1. Select the file that you want to delete.

2. In any workspace, except the Control Window, select File > Delete.

3. Click OK.

RESULT

The file, including it’s peak and marker files, is deleted.

Special Menu

From this menu you can select various file related options, for example, you can add the active file to a Podcast.

In any workspace, except the Control Window, select File > Special.

Depending on the workspace, not all options are available.

InformationDisplays information about the active file.

Add to PodcastAdds the active file to a Podcast.

Reveal in Windows Explorer/Mac OS FinderOpens the Windows Explorer/Mac OS Finder to show the location of the active file.

Copy to clipboardOpens a menu, from which you can select which information about the active file you want to copy to the clipboard.

File OperationsTemporary Files

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Create a file link on the desktop (Windows only)Creates a file link on the desktop. The link opens the file with the default application associated with the file type.

Temporary Files

Temporary files are used for certain operations, such as the undo/redo functions. You can specify where WaveLab LE saves its temporary files.

For example, if your source files are located on the C: drive, you could specify D:\temp and E:\temp as temporary folders. This improves the performance and reduces disc fragmentation.

RELATED LINKS:“Specifying Folders” on page 59

Work Folders vs. Document Folders

WaveLab LE distinguishes between two types of folders: work folders and document folders.

In work folders, temporary files are stored. Document folders contain WaveLab LE-specific files, such as wave files, audio montages, etc.

Specifying Folders

You can specify which folder should open when you perform any open or save operation (document folder). You can also specify up to three folders for temporary files (work folder).

PROCEDURE

1. Open the workspace for which you want to specify document folders.

2. Select Options > Folders.

3. Click the type of folder for which you want to specify a location.

4. Specify a location in the Folder field.

File OperationsWork Folders vs. Document Folders

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5. Optional: Depending on the selected type of folder, you can make additional settings.

6. Click OK.

Folders Dialog

In this dialog, you can specify default document folders and work folders for each workspace.

In any workspace, select Options > Folders.

In the list to the left, you specify the folder type that you want to make settings for. The following options are available:

Folder for temporary filesSpecify a folder for storing temporary files.

Cache folderActivating Use cache folder for decoded files allows you to specify a cache folder. The cache folder contains wave files that are created when you are working with files in compressed file formats, such as MP3 files. To prevent the cache folder to grow indefinitely, WaveLab LE checks the date of each file in this folder and deletes files that were created before a certain number of days.

When Use cache folder for decoded files is deactivated, the compressed files are decoded each time they are opened.

Audio File - Open Folder/Save FolderThe default open and save folders for audio files.

Audio Montage - Open folder/Save folderThe default open and save folders for audio montage files.

File OperationsSetting the Focus on the Current File

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Depending on the selected item, different settings are available on the right side of the dialog:

Current FolderIn this field, the folder that is currently used as default is displayed. You can click the folder button to the right to navigate to a folder, or to create a new folder.

Keep last usedUses the last folder for saving or opening files of the selected type.

Change when save-folder/open-folder changesUpdates the default open folder when you change the default save folder, and vice versa. Activate this option for both the save folder and the open folder for a specific file type to use the same folder for saving and for opening this type of file.

On opening the application, revert to this folderActivate this option to restore a specific folder each time you open WaveLab LE. This way changes to save/open folders are only temporary and reset when you restart WaveLab LE.

Setting the Focus on the Current File

If you are editing inside a floating window or a tool window and want to switch back the focus to a wave/montage window, you can use the Set focus on current file option.

PROCEDURE

• In any workspace, press [Win]/[Ctrl]-[ESC], to set the focus on the wave/montage window.

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About Workspaces

A workspace provides an editing and playback environment for a particular audio file type. Each type of workspace has functions for its specific file types.

In WaveLab LE, each file type has its own workspace designed for a specific purpose:

• Audio Files workspace for viewing and editing audio files.

• Audio Montage workspace for assembling and editing audio montages.

• Podcast workspace for preparing and uploading Podcasts.

A workspace is highly customizable to match your workflow. A workspace can appear as a simple window with a single menu or as a sophisticated arrangement of command bars, tool windows, tab groups, and active meters.

When a file is opened from a given workspace, it is added to the active tab group of this workspace.

You can drag files between workspaces if their formats are compatible. For example, you can drag an audio file from the Audio Files workspace to the Audio Montage workspace by using its tab bar or its document button.

Elements of a Workspace

The center of the workspace is about the data that you want to edit, and all the menus, command bars, tool windows, controls, and tools to help you with that.

Each workspace contains the following elements:

• A menu bar. Each workspace has a different menu bar, but certain menus are common for all workspaces and each menu can be customized in various ways. The workspace menu has a submenu to show/hide the available Command bars and tool windows.

About WorkspacesAudio Files Workspace

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• One or more Command bars with buttons for instant access to functions. Command bars can be customized extensively.

• Tab groups to host the files to edit. This is the central part of the workspace. You can move a tab to another workspace, create a new empty tab, display the file path, and access other functions by right-clicking.

• A set of Specific tool windows. Which tools are available depends on the workspace. They can be activated/deactivated individually.

• A set of Shared tool windows. The shared tools vary according to the workspace, and can be turned on or off individually. A shared tool window is a global window that is located in one workspace at a time.

Audio Files Workspace

This workspace provides tools and functions for sample-accurate audio editing. It is the environment commonly known as an audio editor.

It includes various metering tools.

The wave window gives you a graphical representation of the audio file and allows you to view, play back, and edit the file.

Audio Montage Workspace

In this workspace, you assemble audio clips into a montage. You can arrange, edit, and play back clips on both stereo or mono tracks.

You can place any number of clips, on an audio track. A clip contains a reference to a source audio file on your hard disk, as well as start and end positions in the file.

The montage window gives you a graphical representation of clips on tracks. In it you can view, play back, and edit the tracks and clips.

About WorkspacesPodcast Workspace

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Podcast Workspace

In this workspace, you assemble, define, and publish your Podcast to the internet.

RELATED LINKS:“Podcasts” on page 172

Opening Files in a Workspace

You can open files in the workspace that you are working in and in any other workspace, without having to switch workspaces first.

• To open a file in a workspace, select File > Open. From the file browser, select the workspace file that you want to open, and click Open.

• On the Central switcher bar, click a workspace icon, and select Open. From the file browser, select the file that you want to open, and click Open.

Organizing Workspace Windows

For working with several workspace windows, WaveLab LE offers functions to organize the windows.

• To lock a workspace layout, activate Workspace > Lock layout. This prevents you from moving or closing tool windows.

• To automatically move the shared tool windows to the newly activated workspace, every time you switch between workspaces, activate Workspace > Auto move shared tool windows.

• To activate full screen view, select Workspace > Full screen view.

• To specify the workspace position on the screen, select Workspace > Position on screen, and select an option.

• To bring all workspace windows to front, select Workspace > Bring all to front.

About WorkspacesAbout Tool Windows

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• To cascade all workspace windows, select Workspace > Cascade all.

• To switch between the previously selected workspace window and the active workspace window, select Workspace > Switch to previous workspace, or press [F5].

• To close the active workspace, select Workspace > Close.

About Tool Windows

Throughout WaveLab LE there are various tool windows available that allow you to view, analyze, and edit the active file.

Generally, the content of a tool window is synchronized with the active file, with the exception of the audio meters which displays the audio file being played back. Tool windows can be docked and undocked, and saved in your custom layouts. There are two types of tool windows available:

• Specific tool windows

• Shared tool windows

The tool windows can be accessed via the Workspace menu.

Specific Tool Windows

Specific tool windows are windows that are specific to the current workspace. The following specific tool windows are available:

Audio Files workspace

Audio Montage workspace

Podcast workspace


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Shared Tool Windows

The difference between specific and shared tool windows is that there can only be a single instance of a shared window in WaveLab LE. For example, a single Master Section, or a single level meter.

When you open a shared tool window in another workspace it undocks and moves from its original workspace, if this option is activated. An empty tab container with a title bar remains in its previous workspace. You can set the moving behavior by activating/deactivating Workspace > Auto move shared tool windows.

A shared tool window, if docked, can only appear in a single workspace at a time. To retrieve a shared tool window from another workspace, click the tool window.

The following shared tool windows are available:

Opening and Closing Tool Windows

You can close all tool windows you do not need for your project.

• To open or close a specific tool window, select Workspace > Specific tool windows, and select a tool window, or use the Specific Tool Windows command bar.

• To open or close a shared tool window, select Workspace > Shared tool windows, and select a tool window, or use the Shared Tool Windows command bar.

• To close a tool window, move the mouse on the left side or the top of the window, and on the toolbar that appears, click Close.

Tool Windows Command Bar

On the Specific Tool Windows and Shared Tool Windows command bars you can quickly switch tool windows on and off, without having to navigate through a menu.

To open or close the Shared Tool Windows command bar, select Workspace > Command bars > Shared Tool Windows.

Shared Tool Windows command bar in the Audio Montage workspace

Audio Files workspace and Audio Montage workspace


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To open or close the Specific Tool Windows command bar, select Workspace > Command bars > Specific Tool Windows.

Specific Tool Windows command bar in the Audio Montage workspace

Docking and Undocking Tool Windows

Tool windows can be used as docked windows or as floating windows. They can be freely dragged around and docked at various locations. Command bars can also be freely moved around and docked along the edges of most windows.

To dock/undock a tool window, use one of the following methods:

• Double-click the title bar, located on the left or the top of the tool window.

• Click the double window icon at the top left corner of the window.

• Drag the tool window title bar of a specific tool window. To dock the tool window, drag it by its title bar to another position.

To prevent an undocked tool window from docking, use one of the following methods:

• Hold down [Ctrl]/[Command] before dragging the tool window.

• Activate the Floating versus docking priority icon on the left or the top of the tool window.

Differences Between Windows and Mac OS

Floating windows behave slightly different on Windows and Mac OS.

• On Windows systems, a floating window is hidden when its dependent workspace is minimized or covered by another window. If WaveLab LE is not the active application, all its independent floating windows are hidden.

• On Mac OS X systems, a tool window is always on top of all other windows and a floating window remains visible even if its dependent workspace is not active or is minimized. If WaveLab LE is not the active application, all its floating windows are hidden.

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Playback

WaveLab LE offers numerous playback functions.

There are 4 playback modes available:

• Traditional playback, with playback starting from the cursor position and stopping anywhere when stopping playback.

• Play range, where playback starts from a given point and stops at another point of interest.

RELATED LINKS:“Playback Shortcuts” on page 71

Transport Bar

With this command bar you can control playback of an audio file or audio montage, navigate between various positions in an audio file or audio montage, and open the Recording dialog.

In the Audio Files workspace or the Audio Montage workspace, select Workspace > Command bars > Transport bar.

Transport bar in the Audio Files workspace

Transport bar in the Audio Montage workspace

RangesLets you select one of the following ranges:

• Selected time range

• Marked region where edit cursor is located

Play rangePlays the selected range.

PlaybackTransport Bar

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Move cursor to previous/next anchorMoves the edit cursor position to the previous/next anchor. To set the type of anchor, right-click the next anchor button and select an option from the menu. If you click during playback, playback continues from the anchor position.

Move playback position backwards/forwardsMoves the edit cursor position to the left/right. If you click during playback, playback jumps to the new edit cursor position.

To move the edit cursor to the start/end of the file, press [Ctrl]/[Command], and click the Move playback position backwards/forwards button.

LoopActivates the loop mode. Right-click the loop button to select whether to loopforever or only a few times.

StopStops the audio being played. If playback is already stopped, the edit cursor is moved to the previous start position.

PlayStarts playing the active audio file or audio montage from the edit cursor position.

If the audio being played back is not the active audio file, the Play button has a different color. This happens if you switch to another workspace during playback, for example.

The playback button when playing back in the active window (left) and when playing in another window or workspace (right).

RecordOpens the Recording dialog.

Time displayDisplays the edit cursor or playback position. Click to select another time unit.

Fold barMinimizes the transport bar. To unfold the transport bar again, click the thin line where the transport bar was located.


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SettingsOpens layout menu of the transport bar and lets you edit shortcuts for the transport bar. You can also right-click the transport bar to open this menu.

Transport Bar in the Podcast Workspace

In the Podcast workspace, a simplified transport bar allows you to play back the selected Podcast episode.

Play Button

Clicking the Play button on the transport bar starts playing back the active audio file or audio montage from the edit cursor position.

You can also use the Space bar or the Enter key on your keyboard to start playback. Pressing the Space bar during playback stops playback, while pressing Enter during playback makes playback restart from the last start position.

When loop is activated, the audio selection is looped, if available. Otherwise, the region defined by loop markers is looped, if available. If there are no selection ranges or loop markers, the entire file is looped.

Stop Button

The result of clicking the Stop button or on the transport bar or [0] on your numeric keypad depends on the current situation.

• If you trigger Stop in stop mode, the edit cursor moves either to the previous Playback start marker, or to the selection start (whatever is closer), until the start of the file is reached.

• If there is no selection or if the edit cursor is positioned to the left of the selection, it is moved to the beginning of the file instead.


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Playing Back Audio Ranges

You can play back audio ranges using the Ranges options on the transport bar.

PROCEDURE

1. On the transport bar, select the type of range that you want to play back.

2. Position the edit cursor inside the range that you want to play back or make a selection range.

3. To play back the selected range, click the Play range button on the transport bar or press [F6].

RESULT

The selected range is played back.

About Loops

Loop points are updated continuously during playback. If you change the loop start or end during playback, the loop changes. This way you can audition selection points for rhythmic material.

If you loop a section in an audio montage, playback loops within the boundaries of the current selection range. This selection range may be on any track, even if empty. The vertical position of the selection range is of no relevance for loop playback, only the left and right selection boundaries matter.

Playback Shortcuts

In addition to the buttons on the transport bar, there are shortcuts that can be used even when the wave window or montage window is not the active window.

Space barStart/stop playback.

0 on numeric keypad.Stop. If the program is stopped and you trigger Stop again, the edit cursor moves either to the previous Playback start marker, or to the selection start (whatever is closer), until the start of the file is reached. This is the same as clicking the Stop button on the transport bar.


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EnterStarts playback. If pressed during playback, playback restarts from the previous start position. This is the same as clicking the Play button on the transport bar.

[F6]Starts playback of the selected range, depending on the selected option in the Ranges section of the transport bar.

Transport Bar Settings

In the transport bar settings menu, you can customize the transport bar. This is useful to optimize the transport bar according to the available screen space.

To open the settings menu, right-click the transport bar, or click the Settings button on the transport bar.

HideHides the transport bar. To make it visible again, select Workspace > Command bars > Transport bar.

FoldMinimizes the transport bar. To unfold the transport bar again, click the thin line where the transport bar was located.

Top/BottomAligns the transport bar at the top/bottom of the wave window or the montage window.

Large transport buttons/Small transport buttonsDetermines the size of the transport bar buttons.

Align buttons left/Align buttons right/Center buttonMoves the transport bar buttons to the corresponding position.

Edit shortcutsOpens the Customize commands dialog, where you can edit the shortcuts for the transport bar commands.

PlaybackPlaying Back Only One Channel

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Playing Back Only One Channel

You can choose to play only the left or the right channel of an audio file in the Audio Files workspace.

PROCEDURE

• In the Audio Files workspace, select Options, and activate/deactivate Play left channel and/or Play right channel.

Starting Playback From the Ruler

You can use the ruler to quickly jump to a position and start playback from there.

• Double-clicking the ruler starts playback from that position. Playback continues until you click Stop or until the end of the audio file or audio montage.

• To set the playback position to a certain position, click the ruler during playback. This also applies for clicking the time rulers of another audio file or audio montage, which allows you to quickly switch playback between audio files or audio montages.

• To start playback from a marker position, press [Ctrl]/[Command] and double-click a marker.

PlaybackUsing the Play Tool

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Using the Play Tool

This tool allows you to play back from any position on one or both stereo channels.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, select the Play tool from the Edit tools command bar, or press and hold [Alt]/[Option].

2. In the wave window, click at the position where you want playback to start.The cursor shape indicates whether the left (L), the right channel (R), or both channels are played back.

RESULT

Playback continues for as long as you keep the mouse button pressed, or until the audio file ends. After playback has stopped, the cursor is moved to the playback start position.

Playback Scrubbing

Playback scrubbing helps you find a certain position in an audio file, by restarting playback repeatedly when you click and drag on the time ruler during playback or use the Play tool.

Scrubbing Using the Play Tool

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, select the Play tool from the Edit tools command bar, or press and hold [Alt]/[Option].

2. Click in the wave window, or click and drag the time ruler.If you click in the wave window, playback starts at the position where you clicked. If you click and drag in the time ruler, the audio is played back from the edit cursor position and a small section is looped once.

PlaybackScroll During Playback

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Scrubbing Using the Time Ruler

PROCEDURE

1. Optional: In the Audio Files workspace, activate Options > Stop after playback scrubbing, to stop playback after scrubbing.The edit cursor then jumps back to the start position.

2. Start playback.

3. Click the time ruler and hold the mouse button pressed, and drag left or right.

4. When you are done scrubbing, release the mouse button.

Playback Scrubbing Preferences

You can define the behavior of the Play tool in the Audio file editing preferences.

In the Audio Files workspace, select Options > Audio file editing preferences > Editing tab.

• If Restrict to Play Tool is activated, scrubbing is not available when you click and drag on the time ruler during playback.

• The Sensitivity setting determines the length of the audio loop that is played once when click and drang on the time ruler with the Play tool activated.

Scroll During Playback

You can determine how the view should be scrolled in Play mode.

In the Audio Files workspace or the Audio Montage workspace, select View > Scroll during playback.

The following options are available:

Immobile viewDisables scrolling.

PlaybackAbout Playback in the Audio Montage Workspace

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View follows cursorThe view automatically changes to keep the playback cursor visible.

About Playback in the Audio Montage Workspace

Playback in the Audio Montage workspace works the same way as in the Audio Files workspace. However, there are some things to note.

Mute and Solo Tracks

You can mute or solo tracks in an audio montage by using the corresponding menu in the track control area.

Click the number, and select Mute and/or Solo.

Playing Back Individual Clips

You can play back an individual clip on a track. Overlapping clips or clips on other tracks are muted.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Montage workspace, right-click the lower part of the clip that you want to play back.

2. On the menu, select one of the following play options:• To play back the clip, select Play focused clip.

• To play back the clip with pre-roll, select Play focused clip with pre-roll.

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Audio File Editing

Audio file editing refers to opening, editing, and saving audio files.

Wave Window

The wave window displays audio files graphically. Here, you view, play back, and edit individual audio files.

The wave window consists of two displays. You can use one display as an overview to navigate through the project and the other as the main view for editing.

You can synchronize the waveform displays so that they display the same part of the audio file, by clicking the Sync with other view button.

Audio File EditingWave Window

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Magnetic Bounds in Audio Files

Certain positions, such as markers or selection edges, can be defined as magnetic. Dragged elements can snap to these positions. This makes it easier to position items accurately.

For example, when you move a marker and it gets close to one of the magnetic bounds, the marker snaps to this position. A label is displayed, indicating the snap position.

Magnetic Bounds Menu

On this menu, you can specify which positions should be magnetic. When Snap to magnetic items is activated, items that you move snap to these positions.

In the Audio Files workspace, select Options > Magnetic bounds.

You can let items snap to the following positions:

Start/End of fileMoved elements snap to the start/end of the file when they are moved near these positions.

Time ruler marksMoved elements snap to the time ruler grid when they are moved near these positions.

MarkersMoved elements snap to marker positions when they are moved near these positions.

Selection edgesMoved elements snap to the selection edges when they are moved near these positions.

CursorSets the edit cursor magnetic when moved near this position.


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Zero Crossing

A zero crossing is a point where the waveform crosses the zero level axis.

If you cut out a portion of a wave and paste it in somewhere else, there often is discontinuity where the two waves are joined. This discontinuity results in a transient in the wave, which is perceived as a click or bump in the sound.

To avoid this, you must make the splice at a zero crossing, especially if you do not use crossfades.

If you activate Options > Snap selection to zero crossings, the selections that you make are always adjusted so that they start and end at the nearest zero crossing.

WaveLab LE can automatically search for zero crossings and extend the selection outwards so that it begins and ends at a zero crossing. This helps avoid clicks, pops, and bumps.

When you perform editing operations, such as cutting, pasting, or dragging, make sure that the material is inserted at a zero crossing.


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Setting Up the Zero Crossing Detection

You can let selection edges automatically snap to the nearest zero crossing point when making a selection. In the Audio file editing preferences dialog, you can specify whether to allow snap at high zoom factors, and specify the scan range for the zero crossing detection.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, select Options > Snap selection to zero crossing.

2. Select Options > Audio file editing preferences.

3. On the Editing tab, fill out the Snap selection to zero crossing options.

4. Click OK.

Moving the Cursor Position to the Closest Zero Crossing

You can automatically move the cursor position to the closest zero crossing.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, position the cursor in the waveform.

2. Select View > Move cursor to > Snap position.

Audio File EditingFile Handling in the Audio Files Workspace

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File Handling in the Audio Files Workspace

About Mono/Stereo Handling

WaveLab LE is very flexible in its handling of stereo. All editing operations can be performed on either one channel or on both.

Supported File Formats

WaveLab LE can open and save audio files in a number of file formats.

The following table gives you some basic information about the formats:

Format Description

Wave (.wav) The following bit resolutions are supported: 8 bit, 16 bit, 20 bit, 24 bit, and 32 bit (float)

AIFF (.aif, .aiff, .snd) Audio Interchange File Format, a standard defined by Apple Computers Inc.. The following bit resolutions are supported: 8 bit, 16 bit, 20 bit, and 24 bit

MPEG-1 Layer 3 (.mp3, read only)

The most common audio compression format. The major advantage of MPEG compression is that the file size is significantly reduced, while there is little degradation of sound quality. WaveLab LE can both open and save files in this format.This is available on Windows 32/64-bit systems and on Mac 32-bit systems.

Original Sound Quality (.osq)

This is the proprietary lossless compressed audio format of WaveLab LE. By saving files in this format, you can save considerable disk space without compromising audio quality.

Ogg Vorbis (.ogg) Ogg Vorbis is a compressed file format that is open, patent-free, and creates very small audio files maintaining comparatively high audio quality.

Windows Media Audio (.wma, .asf)

Microsoft’s own compressed format. WaveLab LE lets you import/export audio in this format (Windows only). To import/export audio in WMA surround format, Windows Media Player 9 or later must be installed on your system.

FLAC (.fla) Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC) is a codec which allows digital audio to be losslessly compressed.


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NOTE

The “$$$” file type is a temporary file format of WaveLab LE. In case you experience a computer, crash you may restore some of your work by opening any stray “$$$” files on your hard disk.

About 20-bit, 24-bit, and 32-bit Float Files

You do not need a 20-bit or 24-bit audio card to take advantage of the fact that WaveLab LE can handle 20-bit and 24-bit audio files. Any processing or editing performed on the files is always done at full resolution (32-bit float), even if your card does not support the full resolution.

For playback, WaveLab LE automatically adapts to the card that you have installed.

Creating a New Audio File

You can create an empty audio file, to assemble material from other audio files, for example.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, select File > New.

2. In the dialog, specify the audio properties, and click OK.

Saving an Audio File

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, do one of the following:• To save an audio file that has never been saved before, select File

> Save as.

• To save an audio file that has been saved before, click the Save button, or select File > Save.

2. In the Save Audio File dialog, specify a file name and location.

Apple formats (.aac, .m4a, .mp4, .m4b, .caf, .3gp, .3g2, .caf)

If Quicktime is installed on your system, these formats are available (read-only and only on 32-bit Windows or MAC systems).

Format Description


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3. Set up the available options:• Keep this format for next time

• Save copy

• Open standard file selector before this dialog

4. Click Save.

Saving in Another Format

You can change the file format, sampling frequency, bit resolution, and stereo/mono status when saving.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, select File > Save as.

2. Specify the file name and location.

3. Click in the Output Format field.

4. In the Audio File Format dialog, set the file format and specify the properties.

5. Click OK.

6. Click Save.

RESULT

A new file is created. The original file is not affected by the operation.

Audio File Format Dialog

In this dialog, you can change various file settings when saving.

In the Audio Files workspace, select File > Save as, and click the Output Format field. This dialog can also be opened from various other locations in WaveLab LE.


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TypeSelect an audio file type. This affects the options available on the Audio format menu.

File extensionSelect a file extension compatible with the current file type.

Audio formatSelect an audio format compatible with the current file type.

ChannelsSpecify the number of audio channels for the files to be created. For multichannel audio montages, you can create multiple files.

Sample rateSelect a sample rate for the audio file. If you change this setting, a sample rate conversion takes place.

IMPORTANT

Use this only for simple conversions. For professional results, use the Resample plug-in to add limiting and dithering.

Bit resolutionSelect a bit resolution for the audio file. This option is only available for certain file types.

IMPORTANT

Reducing the bit resolution is only advised for simple conversions. For professional results, it is recommended to add dithering in the Master Section.

Meta-dataLets you make meta-data settings that are saved with the file. This option is only available for certain file types.

The following options are available:

• When Do not save anything is selected, no meta-data are saved with the file.

• When Inherit from source file is selected, the meta-data of the source file are used. If this option is selected and the source meta-data is empty, the default meta-data will be used, if available.


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• When selecting Specific to this configuration, you can edit the meta-data, or replace it with a meta-data preset. To edit the meta-data, open the meta-data pop-up menu again, and select Edit.

About Changing the Format

When changing the sample rate, bit resolution, and number of channels of an audio file, several operations are performed.

• If you only want to change the bit resolution, you can do this directly in the Edit > Audio properties dialog instead, and then save the audio file.

• For high quality mastering purposes, it is not recommended to change the sample rate and number of channels using the Audio properties dialog, but instead use plug-ins and functions of the Master Section.

• For the available compressed file formats (WMA, and Ogg Vorbis), you can specify various options, such as bit rate and compression method, and also enter text tags for the file.

Saving as OSQ File

OSQ (Original Sound Quality) is a lossless audio compression format, which can significantly reduce the audio file size without affecting the audio quality.

PROCEDURE


2. Specify the file name and location.

3. Click in the Output Format field.

4. In the Audio File Format dialog, set the type to Original Sound Quality (OSQ) and specify the properties.

Property Action

Sample rate If a new sample rate is specified, a sample rate conversion is performed.

Bit resolution

If a different bit resolution is specified, the file is either “truncated” down to 8 bits, or “padded” up to 24 bits. If you are converting to a lower bit resolution, you should consider adding dithering.

Mono/ Stereo

If the file is converted from mono to stereo, the same material is used in both channels. If the conversion is from stereo to mono, a mix of the two channels is created.


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5. Click OK.

6. Click Save.

Saving a Selection as an Audio File

You can save a selection in the currently open audio file as a new audio file.

PROCEDURE

1. In the wave window, make a selection range.

2. Select File > Export > Selected time range.

3. Specify a file name, location, and output format.

4. Click Save.

Saving Left/Right Channel as Audio File

You can save each channel individually into a separate file. Use this option when you have been editing dual mono files, for example.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, select File > Export > Left channel or Right channel.

2. Specify a file name, location, and output format.

3. Click Save.


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Encoding Audio Files

Audio can be stored in different formats. The process of converting audio to another format is called encoding. When saving audio files, you can specify various encoding options for some file formats.

Ogg Vorbis Dialog

You can edit the encoding options when you save an Ogg Vorbis audio file.

You can open the Ogg Vorbis dialog from most places where you can select an output file format. For example, in the Audio Files workspace, select File > Save as, click the Output Format field, select Ogg Vorbis as type, click the Encoding field, and select Edit.

Average bit rateIf this option is activated, the average bit rate in the file remains constant during encoding. Because the file size is proportional to time, the localization of a given point is easier, but it can result in a lower quality compared to the Variable bit rate option.

Variable bit rateIf this option is activated, the bit rate in the file will vary during encoding, depending on the complexity of the material. This can give a better quality/size ratio in the resulting file.

In the Quality field, select the quality. Lower quality settings result in smaller files.


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Windows Media Audio Encoding Dialog

You can edit the encoding options when you save a Windows Media Audio (WMA) audio file. This dialog is only available in on Windows systems.

You can open the Windows Media Audio dialog from most places where you can select an output file format. For example, in the Audio Files workspace, select File > Save as, click the Output Format field, select Windows Media Audio (WMA) as type, click the Encoding field, and select Edit.

EncoderLets you select the encoder.

Output sample rateLets you specify the output sample rate of the encoded file. The higher the sample rate, the higher the quality, but the larger the output file.

Output bit resolutionLets you specify the output bit resolution of the encoded file. This parameter is not available for all encoders.

Channels and bit rateThe available items here depend on the selected encoding method and the output sample rate.

VBR (Variable bit rate)If this option is activated, the bit rate in the file will vary during the encoding, depending on the complexity of the material. This can produce a better quality/size ratio in the output file.

In the Quality field, select the quality. Lower quality settings result in smaller files.

Two-pass encoding (better, but twice as long)If this option is activated, the encoding quality increases, but the process takes twice as long.


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Constrained bit rateThis option is available when the VBR and Two-pass encoding options are activated. This is used to maintain the bit rate within limits to avoid peaks. This is recommended for certain media, such as CD or DVD.

Creating an Audio Montage from an Audio File

You can export audio files to an audio montage, including all markers that you have set in the audio file.

PROCEDURE

1. Optional: If you only want to use a certain time range of the audio file, create a selection range in the wave window.

2. In the Audio Files workspace, select File > Export > Create audio montage from active file.

3. Select whether to export the whole file or the selected time range.

4. Optional: Decide if you want to perform any of the following marker operations:• Transcribe markers

• Split at generic region markers

5. Click OK.

Inserting Audio Files into Another Audio File

You can assemble an audio file from several audio files.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, open the audio file in which you want to insert another audio file.

2. If you want to insert an audio file at the edit cursor position, select View > Move cursor to > Snap position.The edit cursor snaps to the nearest zero crossing. This avoids glitches.

3. Select File > Import and choose one of the following options:• Insert audio file at start

• Insert audio file at end

• Insert audio file at cursor position

When you select Insert audio file at cursor position, the audio file is cut at the insert position. The part after the cut is moved to the right.

4. Select the audio file that you want to insert, and click Open.


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Turning Selections Into New Files

You can turn selections into new files via dragging, or by using the Edit menu.

Turning Selections Into New Files By Dragging

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, make a selection in the wave window.

2. Drag the selection to the WaveLab LE tab bar, and release the mouse button.

RESULT

The selection appears in a new stereo window.

Turning Selections Into New Files Using the Menu

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, make a selection in the wave window.

2. Select Edit > Copy selection to new window > As is.

RESULT



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Converting From Stereo to Mono and From Mono to Stereo

You can convert audio files from mono to stereo and from stereo to mono. Converting a mono file into a stereo file produces an audio file that contains the same material in both channels, for example for further processing into real stereo.

Converting a Selection From Stereo to Mono Using the Menu

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, make a stereo selection in the wave window.

2. Select one of the following options:.• To mix the left and right stereo channels when converting to mono,

select Edit > Copy selection to new window > Convert to Mono (Mix).

• To mix the left channel with the inverse of the right channel when converting to mono, select Edit > Copy selection to new window > Convert to Mono (Subtract right channel from left channel). The resulting mono wave contains the difference between the channels. For example, this allows you to verify that a wave file really is a true stereo file rather than a mono file converted to stereo format.

RESULT


Converting From Stereo to Mono While Saving

PROCEDURE


2. Click in the Output Format field.The Audio File Format dialog opens.

3. From the Channels menu, select one of the mono settings.For example, when selecting Mono (Mix -3 dB), the resulting audio file is attenuated by 3 dB. Because mixing two channels into mono can introduce clipping. These two settings can be used to remedy this.

4. Click OK.

5. Click Save.


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Converting a Selection From Mono to Stereo

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, make a mono selection in the wave window.

2. Select Edit > Copy selection to new window > Convert to Stereo.

RESULT


Swapping Channels in a Stereo File

You can move the audio in the left channel to the right channel, and vice versa.

• To swap the channels of the whole audio file in the Audio Files workspace, select Edit > Swap stereo channels.

• To swap only a selected range of the audio file, make a selection range in the wave window, and select Edit > Swap stereo channels.

Special Paste Operations

On the Paste special menu, you find additional paste options.

In the Audio Files workspace, select Edit > Paste special.

OverwriteOverwrites data in the destination file, rather than moving data to make room for the inserted audio. How much is overwritten depends on the selection in the destination file:

• If there is no selection in the destination file, a section with the same length as the pasted selection is overwritten.

• If there is a selection in the destination file, the pasted selection replaces that selection.

AppendAdds the pasted audio after the end of the file.

PrependAdds the pasted audio before the beginning of the file.


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Multiple copiesOpens a dialog in which you can enter the number of copies that you want to create.

MixBlends two files into each other, starting at the selection or, if there is no selection, at the cursor position.

• When you select the Mix option, a dialog opens, allowing you to specify the gain for the audio on the clipboard and at the destination.

• All the data on the clipboard is always mixed in, regardless of the length of the selection.

Moving Audio

You can rearrange the order of audio in a file by dragging, and cutting and pasting.

Moving Audio by Dragging

PREREQUISITE

Decide whether you want to use Snap selection to zero-crossing.

PROCEDURE

1. In the wave window, make a selection.

2. Click in the middle of the selection.

3. Drag to a position outside the selection in the same file, or to another wave window.

4. Release the mouse button.


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Moving Audio Using Cut and Paste

PREREQUISITE


PROCEDURE


2. Use one of the following copy methods:• Select Edit > Cut.

• Press [Ctrl]/[Command]-[X].

• Drag the selection onto the Cut icon.

3. Select how you want to insert the selection:• If you want to insert the audio, click once at the position in the same

file or in another file.

• If you want to replace a section of audio, select it.

4. Select Edit > Paste or press [Ctrl]/[Command]-[V].

RESULT

The selection is removed from its original position and inserted where you drop it.

NOTE

To completely undo a move between two files you must first undo the paste in the destination window and then undo the cut in the source window.

Moving Audio by Nudging

The Nudge left/right tools can be used to move the audio in small steps within a file.

PROCEDURE


2. Depending on whether you want to nudge the selection to the left or to the right, select one of the following tools:• Select Edit > Tools > Nudge left, or click the Nudge left icon on

the toolbar.

• Select Edit > Tools > Nudge right, or click the Nudge right icon on the toolbar.


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3. Click the selection.Pressing [Shift] switches nudge left to nudge right and vice versa.

4. To exit the nudge tool mode, click anywhere outside of the selection.

RESULT

The audio is moved one pixel. Exactly how much this is depends on how far you are zoomed in. For example, if the status bar displays x1:256, the selection is moved 256 samples. The moved section overwrites the audio at that position.

Copying Audio

You can copy sections of audio within the same file or between audio files.

Stereo/Mono Handling

Stereo/mono is handled as follows when you drag between files:

Stereo/mono is handled as follows when you copy and paste files:

Dragged section Drop wave Action

Stereo Stereo The dragged audio is always inserted into both channels.

Stereo Mono Only the left channel is inserted.

Mono Stereo What happens depends on the vertical drop position. This is indicated by the cursor shape. The selection can be inserted into only one of the channels, or the same material can be inserted into both channels.

Copied section Paste wave Action

Stereo Stereo If the wave cursor extends across both channels of the destination file, the material is inserted into both channels.


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Sample Rate Conflicts

If you copy or move audio from one window to another, and the sample rates of the two files are not the same, the copied/moved sound plays back at the wrong pitch (speed). The program warns you if this is about to happen.

While mixing sample rates can be used as an effect, it is most often not intended. There are two ways to get around this:

• Convert the sample rate of the source file to the same rate as the destination file before editing.

• Convert the sample rate of the destination file to the same rate as the source file before adding the audio.

Copying Audio Using Copy and Paste

PREREQUISITE


PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, make a selection.

2. Use one of the following copy methods:• Select Edit > Copy.

• Press [Ctrl]/[Command]-[C].

• Drag the selection onto the Copy icon.

Stereo Stereo If the wave cursor is only in one channel, the audio is only pasted in that channel. Material from the left channel is pasted in the left channel and vice versa.

Stereo Mono Only the left channel is pasted.

Mono Stereo What happens depends on whether the wave cursor is in one channel or both. The audio is either pasted in one of the channels, or the same material is inserted into both channels.

Copied section Paste wave Action

Audio File EditingChanging the Audio Properties

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3. Select how you want to insert the selection:• If you want to insert the audio, click once at the position in the same

file or in another file.

• If you want to replace a section of audio, select it.

4. Select Edit > Paste, or press [Ctrl]/[Command]-[V].

Copying Audio by Dragging

PREREQUISITE


PROCEDURE


2. Click the middle of the selection, and drag it to a position outside the selection in the same file, or to another wave window.

3. Release the mouse button.

RESULT

The selection is inserted at the indicated point. The audio that previously began at that point is moved to the right.

Information About the Active Audio File

You can open a dialog that shows the name, file location, size, date, and file format of the active audio file.

PROCEDURE

• In the Audio Files workspace, select File > Special > Information.

Changing the Audio Properties

You can change the declared sample rate and sample accuracy of audio files.

Changing these values does not process the audio file in any way (in contrast to using Save as). However, the following rules apply:

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• If you change the sample rate, the file plays back at a new pitch.

• If you change the bit resolution, the file is converted to the new resolution the next time you save it.

NOTE

There is no undo for this. If you save with a lower bit resolution, the file is converted permanently.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, open an audio file.

2. Select Edit > Audio properties.

3. Specify a new Sample rate and/or Accuracy.

4. Click OK.

Audio Properties Dialog

This dialog reports the audio properties of the active audio file. It allows you to change the number of audio samples per second (sample rate) and the accuracy of samples in the audio stream (bit rate).

In the Audio Files workspace, select Edit > Audio properties.

ChannelsThe number of audio channels (mono/stereo).

Sample rateThe number of audio samples per second.

AccuracyThe accuracy of samples in the audio stream.

Audio File EditingSilence Generator Dialog

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Silence Generator Dialog

This dialog allows you to insert silence or background noise in an audio file.

In the Audio Files workspace, select Edit > Silence (advanced).

Silence Duration - As selectionUses the duration of the active audio selection as the duration of the silent section. Specify the duration of the silent section in the value field below.

Edges - Fade-in/outPerforms a crossfade at the start and end of the silent section for smoother transitions. Specify the fade time in the value field below.

Destination - Replace selectionReplaces the current audio selection with the silent section.

Destination - Insert at cursorInserts the silent section at the cursor position.

Destination - From end of file until cursorExtends the audio file with silence up to the cursor position. Activating this option also defines the silence duration and ignores the Silence Duration setting.

Audio File EditingSilence Generator Dialog

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Replacing a Selection with Silence

You can replace a section of an audio file with silence.

PROCEDURE


2. Select Edit > Silence (advanced).

3. Set the silence duration to As selection, and the destination to Replace selection.

4. Click Apply.

Inserting Silence

You can insert a specified length of silence at any position of the audio file.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, set the cursor where you want the inserted silence to begin.

2. Select Edit > Silence (advanced).

3. Deactivate As selection, and specify the length.

4. Set the destination to Insert at cursor.

5. Click Apply.

Fast Muting a Selection

The Fast mute function replaces the selection with true silence without needing to write any audio sample to the media.

PROCEDURE

• In the Audio Files workspace, make a selection, and select Edit > Fast mute.

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Offline Processing

Offline processes are useful for a variety of editing purposes and creative effects. For example, when the computer is too slow for real-time processing or when the editing requires more than one pass.

After the processing the audio file is permanently altered.

Applying Processing

Processing can be applied to a selection or to a whole file. For certain operations processing the entire file is necessary.

NOTE

If Process whole file if there is no selection is activated in the Options > Audio file editing preferences > Editing tab, the whole file is automatically processed if no selection exists.

PROCEDURE

1. In the wave window, make a selection

2. Select the type of processing that you want to apply from the Process menu.

3. If a dialog appears, make the settings.

4. Click Apply to render the effect to file.

Offline ProcessingGain Dialog

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Gain Dialog

In this dialog, you can apply a gain to change the level of an audio file.

In the Audio Files workspace, select Process > Gain.

Click Find current peak level to obtain a report on the peak level of the audio selection, or the whole file if there is no selection. This is useful if you want to calculate how much you can increase the overall gain of a file without clipping (exceeding 0 dB), for example.

This processor also lets you add clipping. Clipping is when the gain is raised to a point where distortion is added. While this is normally not wanted, mild clipping can add some punch, for example, to accentuate the attack of a drum sound.

Normalize Level Dialog

In this dialog, you can change the peak level of an audio file.

In the Audio Files workspace, select Process > Level Normalizer.

Peak levelEnter the peak level (in dB) that you want the audio selection to have.

Stereo LinkApplies the gain to both channels.

Offline ProcessingNormalize Level Dialog

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Mix to MonoMixes the left and the right channel. The resulting mono file will have the specified peak level. This ensures a mix without clipping.

Find current peak valueCreates a report on the peak level of the current audio selection, or the whole audio file if there is no selection.

Basic Envelope Operations

By adding points to the envelope curve you can create an envelope curve that changes the volume of the material over time. When you point the mouse in the display or move a point, the current position and level change is shown in the field above the display.

• To add a point, double click the envelope curve.

• To select a point, click it.

• To select several points, click and drag the selection rectangle.

• To move a point, click and drag it. If more than one point is selected, all points are moved.

• To move the whole curve up or down, click the envelope curve, and drag up or down.

• To move the curve segment between selected points, select the points, click the envelope curve between the points, and drag up or down.

• To move two points horizontally, press [Shift], click the curve segment between two points, and drag left or right.

• To move the segment between 2 points vertically, press [Ctrl]/[Command], click the segment, and drag up or down.

Offline ProcessingFades in Audio Files

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Fades in Audio Files

A fade-in is a gradual increase in level and a fade-out is a gradual decrease in level.

You can create fades by selecting an individual fading type for each fade-in/fade-out, or by using the Easy Fade function.

Creating a Fade-In and Fade-Out

PROCEDURE


2. Depending whether you want to create a fade-in or a fade-out, select one of the following:• To create a fade-in, select Process > Fade-in.

• To create a fade-out, select Process > Fade-out.

3. Select the type of fade that you want to create.A graph in the waveform indicates the resulting shape.

Applying Easy Fades

The Easy Fade function allows you to quickly apply a default fade-in or fade-out to an audio file.

The shape of the fade is governed by the default fade/crossfade setting in the Options > Audio file editing preferences > Editing tab, in the Default fade/crossfade section.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, make one of the following selections:• From the start of the audio file to where you want the fade-in to end.

• From the position where you want the fade-out to start to the end of the audio file.

2. Select Process > Easy Fade.

Offline ProcessingCrossfades

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Crossfades

A crossfade is a gradual fade between two sounds, where one is faded in and the other faded out. You can automatically create a crossfade when pasting an audio section into another.

Creating Crossfades

The material that you want to crossfade can either be in two different sections of the same audio file, or in two different audio files.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, select the section that you want to fade-in.

2. Select Edit > Copy, or press [Ctrl]/[Command]-C.

3. Select the section that you want to fade-out.The length of this selection determines the length of the actual crossfade (check the length on the status bar). The section can be within the selected audio file or in another wave window. However, the selection must not be longer than the selection that you just copied.

4. Select Edit > Paste and crossfade, and select one of the crossfade types.

5. Play back the file and adjust the crossfade if necessary.

RESULT

The crossfade is created. Any material that originally appeared after the selection in the file into which you paste, is moved so that it now appears after the pasted material.

Any excess material in the copied selection appears after the fade at full level.

NOTE

If both files already have full level sections in the crossfade area (for example, if you have normalized both files), clipping and distortion might occur. If this happens, reduce the amplitude of both files by 3 to 6 dB and try again.

Offline ProcessingInverting the Audio Phase

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Paste and Crossfade Options

These options allow you to select a crossfade type for pasting.

In the Audio Files workspace, select Edit > Paste and crossfade.

Linear (equal gain)Level changes linearly.

Sinus (equal power)Level changes according to a sine curve, the power of the mix remains constant.

Square-root (equal power)Level changes according to the square-root curve, the power of the mix remains constant.

Inverting the Audio Phase

Inverting the phase turns the signal upside down. The most common use for this function is to fix a stereo recording where one of the channels has been recorded out of phase with the other.

PROCEDURE

1. Optional: If you only want to invert the phase for a certain time range of the audio file, create a selection range in the wave window.

2. In the Audio Files workspace, select Process > Invert phase.

An inverted phase is indicated by an icon in the wave window.

Offline ProcessingReversing Audio

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Reversing Audio

You can reverse an audio file or a part of an audio file as if playing a tape backwards.

PROCEDURE

1. Optional: If you only want to reverse a certain time range of the audio file, create a selection range in the wave window.

2. In the Audio Files workspace, select Process > Reverse.

DC Offset

A DC offset is when there is too large a DC (direct current) component in the signal. This most often appears due to mismatches between various types of recording equipment.

A DC offset is problematic for the following reasons:

• It affects where the zero crossing positions.

• Certain processing options do not give optimal results when performed on files with a DC offset.

Removing DC Offset

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, open the audio file that you want to check for DC offset and fix.

2. Select Process > Remove DC offset.A dialog appears, stating the amount of DC offset in the audio file. You can also create a selection range in the wave window and then select this option, to only show the DC offset in the selection range.

NOTE

This function should be applied to whole files, since the problem is normally present throughout the entire recording.

3. Click OK to remove the DC offset.

Offline ProcessingResample

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Resample

You can change the sample rate of a recording. This is useful if the file that you want to use in a certain audio system was recorded at a sample rate that this system does not support.

Note the following:

• Sample rate conversion from a low frequency upwards does not improve the sound quality. The high frequencies that were lost cannot be restored by a conversion.

• When you resample to a lower frequency, high frequency material is lost. Therefore, converting down and then up again leads to a degradation in sound quality.

Converting a Sample Rate

NOTE

Sample rate conversion is always applied to the entire file.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace, select Process > Resample.

2. In the Sample Rate dialog, select a sample rate from the pop-up menu.

3. Click OK.

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Audio Montage

The audio montage is a multitrack non-destructive editing environment, which allows you to arrange, edit, play back, and record audio clips on multiple tracks.

Non-destructive means that when you delete or change a part of an audio file, the audio is not deleted or permanently changed. Instead, a set of pointers keeps track of all the edits, so these can be readily reversed. WaveLab LE provides comprehensive facilities for non-destructive editing.

The audio montage is a great tool for mastering, multimedia work, radio spot production, etc.

Basic Terminology

Audio montages can contain up to 2 stereo or mono audio tracks. You can use them to structure the work graphically, but do not see them as virtual tape tracks.

On an audio track, you can place any number of clips. These are containers for the audio, and include a number of settings and functions such as envelope curves, fades, etc.

A clip contains a reference to a source audio file on your hard disk, as well as start and end positions in the file (allowing clips to play back smaller sections of their source audio files). Any number of clips can reference the same source file.

Audio MontageMontage Window

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Montage Window

The montage window in the Audio Montage workspace is where you assemble your audio montage. This is where you view, play back, and edit audio montages.

The montage window gives you a graphical representation of the tracks and clips.

Track Control Area

The track control area offers several options regarding the track.

Track menuOpens the track menu that contains track-related options.

Track gain slidersAllows you to set the gain for the track.

Audio MontageMontage Window

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Track Menu

This menu contains all track-related options. In the Audio Montage workspace, open the Track menu, or click the number button of a track.

Add stereo trackAdds a stereo track below the active track.

Add mono trackAdds a mono track below the active track.

Move track upMoves the track one position up in the track list.

Move track downMoves the track one position down in the track list.

Remove trackDeletes the active track.

MuteMutes the active track.

SoloSolos the active track.

LockIf this option is activated, you cannot edit the track.

ZoomShows the active track in the full available height.

ColorOpens a submenu where you can select a color for the active track.

Audio MontageSignal Flow in the Audio Montage

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Signal Flow in the Audio Montage

The audio signal flow goes through the various sections of WaveLab LE in a certain way.

• Read audio clip samples

• Clip envelope

• Clips are mixed into the track slot (for example, overlapping clips)

• Track leveling

• Each track is mixed into the stereo bus sent to the Master Section

Master Section:

• Channels/sample rate might change at each plug-in slot

• Master Section meters

• Playback or file format rendering

Creating a New Audio Montage

You can add tracks and clips to your new audio montage.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Montage workspace, select File > New.

2. In the Audio montage properties dialog, select a Sample rate.The audio files that you want to use in the audio montage must have the the sample rate that you select here.

3. Click OK.

Audio MontageCreating an Audio Montage from an Audio File

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Audio Montage Properties Dialog

In this dialog, you can set the sample rate of the audio montage.

This dialog open when you create a new audio montage.

To change the settings for the currently opened audio montage, select Edit > Audio montage properties.

Alternative Ways of Creating a New Audio Montage

There are several ways to create a new audio montage.

• Convert wave files to an audio montage

• File > Clone

• Press [Ctrl]/[Option], and drag a montage tab on the tab bar

• Double-click an empty section of the tab bar

Creating an Audio Montage from an Audio File

You can export audio files to an audio montage, including all markers that you have set in the audio file.

PROCEDURE

1. Optional: If you only want to use a certain time range of the audio file, create a selection range in the wave window.

2. In the Audio Files workspace, select File > Export > Create audio montage from active file.

3. Select whether to export the whole file or the selected time range.

Audio MontageImport Options for Audio Montages

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4. Optional: Decide if you want to perform any of the following marker operations:• Transcribe markers

• Split at generic region markers

5. Click OK.

Import Options for Audio Montages

You can import audio files and Audio CD tracks into your audio montage.

In the Audio Montage workspace, select File > Import. The following import options are available:

Insert audio filesOpens the file browser where you can select one or more audio files to insert at the edit cursor position on the focused track.

Audio CDOpens the Import Audio CD dialog where you can browse for audio CD tracks to extract.

Audio MontageMissing Files in Audio Montage Dialog

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Missing Files in Audio Montage Dialog

This dialog opens when you open an audio montage, and some audio files that the audio montage refers to could not be found. You can then search for the files or select a replacement.

Missing files listLists the files that could not be found. Each file can be replaced by an existing file. To search replacements for multiple files, select the files and specify a new path in the Where to search field.

A file with a green checkmark is associated with a valid replacement. A file with a red checkmark is not yet associated with a valid replacement, but there are possible replacement candidates available at the bottom of this dialog.

Find files with the same nameInstructs WaveLab LE to find all files with the same name in the folder specified in the Where to search field.

Replace selected files withReplaces the missing files with a single specific file.

ResetRemoves all possible replacements for the selected missing files.

Where to searchLets you specify a location for searching files. Click Find files with the same name to start the search.

Replacement listLists the files that can be used as a replacement. You can also drag a file into the list from the Windows Explorer/Mac OS Finder.

Audio MontageAssembling the Audio Montage

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Assembling the Audio Montage

You assemble your audio montage by adding tracks and clips.

In the audio montage, only one track can be focused at a time. This focused track has a different color for the header. Certain WaveLab LE functions are always applied to the focused track.

About Tracks

Tracks are the structure used to organize clips. They can be mono or stereo audio tracks.

• Audio tracks allow you to add clips to an audio montage.

Adding Tracks

You can add stereo tracks and mono tracks.

• In the Audio Montage workspace, click the number button of a track to open the Track menu, and then select the type of track that you want to add to your audio montage.

NOTE

By default, the new track is added below the focused track. If you want to place it above the focused track, press [Ctrl]/[Command] when adding the new track.

Moving Tracks in the Track View

You can change the order of the tracks in the montage window.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Montage workspace, click a track’s number button.

2. Select Move track up/Move track down.


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Removing Tracks

Removing a track with clips also removes the clips. However, the audio files to which the clips refer are not affected.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Montage workspace, click the number button of the track that you want to remove.

2. Select Remove track.

Locking and Unlocking Tracks

You can lock tracks to prevent them from being accidentally moved, edited, or deleted.

• To lock a track, click the number button of the track, and activate Lock. The waveform is marked with stripes to indicate that the track is locked.

• To unlock a track, click the locked track, and confirm the dialog, or click the number button of the track, and deactivate Lock.

About Clips

A clip contains a reference to a source audio file on your hard disk, as well as start and end positions in the file, envelope curves, fades, etc. This allows clips to play back smaller sections of their source audio files.

Any number of clips can reference the same source file. Since a clip only references to the original source file, it contains no audio data. Any number of clips can reference the same source file.

You can see the clips of the active audio montage in the Clips window.

3 clips on a track


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Adding Audio Clips to the Audio Montage

You create clips by copying audio selections into the audio montage. There are several ways to do this.

NOTE

You cannot add a mono clip to a stereo track or vice versa.

Dragging from the Wave Window

PROCEDURE

1. In the wave window of the Audio Files workspace, select the audio section that you want the clip to refer to.

2. Drag the selection on a track of the audio montage.If you want to add the whole audio file, drag the tab on a track.

RESULT

A clip is created, named after the original file.

Inserting From Open Wave Windows Using the Insert Menu

PREREQUISITE

In the Audio Files workspace, open the audio files that you want to insert as clips.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Montage workspace, right-click an empty part of a track.

2. From the pop-up menu, select the audio file that you want to insert as clip.

Using Copy and Paste

PROCEDURE

1. In the wave window of the Audio Files workspace, select the audio section to which you want the clip to refer to.

2. Select Edit > Copy, or press [Ctrl]/[Command]-[C].

3. In the Audio Montage workspace, select the track where you want to insert the clip.The clip insert position is indicated by the edit cursor.


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4. Select Edit > Paste, or press [Ctrl]/[Command]-[V].

5. Select an insert option from the pop-up menu.

Dragging Audio Files From the File Browser Tool Window

NOTE

The following can also be done from the Windows Explorer/Mac OS Finder.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Montage workspace, open the File Browser window.

2. Select the audio files to which you want the clip to refer, and drag them on a track, or double-click the file to insert it.

Dragging Regions From the File Browser Tool Window

If you have defined marker regions in an audio file, you can drag these regions directly from the File Browser onto a track.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Montage workspace, open the File Browser window.

2. Select the audio file to which you want the clip to refer.On the right side of the File Browser window, a list shows the available audio regions of the selected file.

3. Drag any region to the track.

Importing Audio Files

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Montage workspace, select the track on which you want to put the clip.The clip insert position is indicated by the edit cursor.

2. Right-click an empty area on the track, and select Insert audio files from the pop-up menu.

3. Select the audio files that you want to import as clips, and click Open.

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Copying Clips From Another Audio Montage

If you have opened more than one audio montage, you can copy clips from one audio montage to another, either by using drag and drop or by using copy and paste.

Dragging Clips From the Clips Tool Window

You can add clips that are already used in the same audio montage.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Montage workspace, open the Clips window.

2. Select one or several clips, and drag them to a track.If you have selected a single audio file, select an insert option from the pop-up menu.

Rearranging Clips

You can freely arrange clips in the montage window.

About Selected and Focused Clips

There is a distinction between selected and focused clips. Some editing functions can only be processed on an individual clip or focused clip, while others can be processed on multiple clips or selected clips.

• A selected clip is a clip that you have selected using any of the selecting clips procedures. Several clips can be selected at the same time. This allows you to edit multiple clips at the same time using functions such as copy, delete, move, etc. Selected clips have a different background color. Right-clicking a clip opens the Clip selection menu.

• A focused clip is the clip that you selected, clicked, or edited last. Only one clip can be focused at a time. By default, the focused clip is distinguished by a highlighted name label. There are certain functions that can only be processed on a focused clip. Right-clicking a clip opens the Focused Clip menu. More options for the focused clip are available in the Focused Clip window.

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Magnetic Bounds in Audio Montages

Certain positions, such as markers or a clips start and end, are magnetic.

When you move or resize, for example, a clip, and its edges or its cue point get close to one of the magnetic bounds, the clip snaps to this position. A label is displayed, indicating to what the clip snaps. This makes it easier to position items accurately.

Selecting Clips

You can edit multiple selected clips at once.

• To select a clip, click it. Selected clips are displayed in a different color.

• To select multiple clips, [Ctrl]/[Command]-click in the bottom clip areas.

• To select a range of clips, [Shift]-click them.

Clip Context Menus

Many editing functions for clips can be accessed via the clip context menus. Depending on where you right-click the clip, different context menus are available.

1) Fade-in section: Opens the Fade-in menu where you can edit the fade-in.

2) Any part of a clip: Opens the Focused clip menu where you can edit the focused clip.

3) Sustain section: Opens the Envelope menu where you can edit the envelope.

4) Fade-out section: Opens the Fade-out menu where you can edit the fade-out.

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Clip Editing

All currently used clips are displayed in the Clips window in the Audio Montage workspace. In this window, you can edit and rearrange clips and drag them in the audio montage.

The currently focused clip is highlighted in bold in the clips list.

RELATED LINKS:“Clips Window” on page 122

Clips Window

This window contains a list of the clips that are placed in the currently active audio montage together with additional information about the clips.

In the Audio Montage workspace, select Workspace > Specific tool windows > Clips.

Clip List

In the columns of the clip list, you can see the following settings for each clip:

• Name

• Start and end time

• Length

• Comment

You can also play back a clip with or without pre-gap. The following playback buttons are available:

Playback from start with a pre-roll.

-[Alt]/[Option]Playback from start with a long pre-roll.

Playback from start.


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Focused Clip Window

This window allows you to edit the focused clips using various tools. For example, you can edit the cue points, envelope curves, fade-in/fade-out, and colors of clips.

In the Audio Montage, select Workspace > Specific tool window > Focused Clip.

Edit

Edit audioOpens the clip’s source file in the related workspace.

ZoomAdjusts the view to display mainly the focused clip.

Play focused clipPlays the focused clip from start to end.

Play focused clip with pre-rollPlays the focused clip with a pre-roll. The amount of pre-roll is defined in the transport bar.

Split at cursor positionSplits the focused clip into two new clips, at the edit cursor or playback cursor position.

Cut to clipboardCuts the focused clip to the clipboard.

Copy to clipboardCopies the focused clip to the clipboard.

Delete clipDeletes the focused clip.


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ShortcutsOpens the Customize commands where you can define shortcuts for all the commands that are found in the Focused clip window.

Cue Points

Cue point - Set at cursorSets the cue point at a fixed position from the start of the clip.

Cue point - Follows fade-in end pointSets the cue point to be the fade-in end point.

Cue point - Follows fade-out start pointSets the cue point to be the fade-out start point.

End cue point - Custom offsetSets the end cue point at a custom position from the end of the clip. This option allows you to edit the gap individually for each clip.

If this option is deactivated, the default gap defined in the Audio Montage Preferences is used.

Envelope

Reset allResets the envelope to its neutral form.

Delete selected pointsDeletes the selected envelope points.

DeselectResets the selection status of all envelope points.

Reset level to 0 dBReplaces the segments between the fade-in and fade-out points to a single neutral segment.

Reset selected points to 0 dBResets the selected points to their default level.


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Fade-in/Fade-out

ZoomAdjusts the view to display mainly the fade-in/fade-out part of the focused clip.

LinearChanges level linearly.

Sinus (*)Changes level according to a sine curve. When used in a crossfade, the loudness (RMS) remains constant during the transition.

Square-root (*)Changes level according to the square-root curve. When used in a crossfade, the loudness (RMS) remains constant during the transition.

SinusoidChanges level according to the sine curve.

LogarithmicChanges level logarithmically.

ExponentialChanges level exponentially.

Exponential+Changes level strongly exponentialy.

Set timeSets the clip fade-in/fade-out time to the specified value.

Colors

On this panel, you apply the custom colors that you have set in the Audio Montage Colors dialog (Options > Colors).


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Re-ordering Clips in the Audio Montage By Dragging

In the Clips window, you can re-order clips by dragging them to another position in the list.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Montage workspace, open the Clips window.

2. In the clip list, drag a clip to another position in the list.You can move more than one clip at the same time, by selecting multiple clips and dragging them. If more than one clip is selected, all clips between the leftmost selected clip and the rightmost selected clips are moved.

About Moving and Crossfading Clips

You can let clips overlap other clips, move clips to another location, and create crossfades between clips.

Moving Clips

NOTE

You cannot move mono clips to stereo tracks and vice versa.

PROCEDURE

1. Select the clips that you want to move.

2. Click the lower clip area, and move the clips in any direction.While dragging, the info line displays the current start position of the clip that you are dragging.

About Overlapping Clips

You can move clips so that they overlap each other.

Note the following:

• The tracks in the audio montage are polyphonic, which means that each track can play back several overlapping clips at the same time. Overlapping clips are transparent, allowing you to see the underlying clips and their waveforms.

• There are crossfading options that automatically adjust the volume envelope curves when you overlap clips.


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Duplicating Clips

NOTE

You cannot copy mono clips to stereo tracks and vice versa.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Montage workspace, select one or more clips.

2. Click the upper clip area and drag the clips in any direction.While you are dragging the clips, a dotted line indicates where the first of the copied clips will be placed. The position is also indicated on the info line.

Clip Resizing

In this context, resizing usually means moving the start and end points of a clip so that more or less of the original audio file is revealed.

To resize a clip, click the left or right edge of the clip, and move the start or end point to the left or to the right. You cannot drag the edge of a clip past the start or end point of the audio file it refers to.

If you press [Alt]/[Option] when resizing, all selected clips are resized by the same amount.

Deleting Clips

There are two principal ways to delete a clip:

• Right-click a clip, and select Delete.

• Select a clip, and press [Delete].


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About Clips and Cue Points

A cue point is a defined position marker that belongs to a clip. It may be positioned within or outside the clip. Cue points are displayed as dotted vertical lines.

When you move a clip, its cue point is magnetic to any edges, markers, or positions. There are several uses for this:

• To set the cue point at a relevant position in the audio, and use it to align the clip with other clips, etc.

• To set the cue point before the start of a clip to position clips in a row with pre-defined spaces.

• To set the cue point at the fade-in or fade-out point of a clip, making it easy to maintain defined fade lengths when crossfading.

NOTE

Each clip can only have one cue point. If you select another cue point insert option, the cue point is moved to a new position.

Using Cue Points

You can add one cue point for each clip.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Montage workspace, click the clip position where you want to set a cue point.

2. Open the Focused clip window, and on the Cue points panel, select one of the following options:• Set at cursor

• Set at default pregap position

3. Decide if you want to activate the following options:• Follows fade-in end point

• Follows fade-out start point

• End cue point

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Track Activity Indicator

The track activity indicator shows the volume level for audio tracks. It is located on the right side of the track control area in the Audio Montage workspace.

Instead of exact level readings the track activity indicator provides an overview of which tracks are currently playing back audio at what approximate level.

Envelopes for Clips

For clips in the audio montage, you can create envelopes for volume and fades.

You can create an independent volume envelope curve to automate volume, to create fades and crossfades, and to mute clip sections.

Edit the envelope settings in the Focused clip window, or by right-clicking an envelope curve. The settings menu is different, depending on whether you click the fade-in part, the fade-out part, or the sustain part.

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How the Envelope is Displayed

By default, all clips display a volume envelope curve. You can view the envelope as three separate envelopes: the fade-in part, the sustain part, and the fade-out part.

The points on the left and right side of the curve are the fade-in and fade-out junction points that separate the fade parts from the sustain part.

The envelope curve indicates if points, fade-ins, or fade-outs have been defined. In addition to the curve, changes in the volume envelope are by default also reflected in the waveform.

Clip Envelope Editing

Curve points allow you to create volume curves and fade curves for a clip. You can edit the envelope curve by adding and moving curve points.

Editing Curve Points

Many of the editing operations that are commonly used in the context of your computer operating system can be applied when editing curve points. On top of these, a number of specific procedures apply.

• To add a curve point, double-click the envelope curve.

• To delete a curve point, double-click the curve point. The curve point between the sustain and fade parts of the envelope cannot be deleted.

• To delete several curve points, select the curve points that you want to delete, right-click one of the points, and select Delete selected points.

• To select a range of points, [Alt]/[Option]-click and drag to create a selection rectangle.

• To move all selected points, click one of the selected points and drag.

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• To raise or lower the value of two consecutive curve points, [Ctrl]/[Command]-click the segment between the points and drag up or down.

• To change the time position of two consecutive curve points, [Shift]-click the segment between the points and drag left or right.

• To raise or lower the entire envelope curve, make sure that no curve point is selected, click the envelope curve, and drag up or down. Do not drag a segment that is delimited by selected points.

• To adjust the envelopes in all selected clips, hold down [Alt]/[Option], and drag any envelope curve up or down. This is a quick way to adjust the level or pan of several clips at the same time and also to adjust both sides of a stereo envelope simultaneously.

• To move a fade-in/fade-out point vertically, [Ctrl]/[Command]-click and drag the fade point.

• To change the level or the fade in/out time of multiple envelopes at the same time, select the clips that you want to edit, then press [Alt]/[Option], and edit the envelope with the mouse.

Resetting Curve Points

You can reset curve points to the default level.

• To reset a single point to 0 dB, right-click the point, and select Reset selected points to 0 dB.

• To reset the whole envelope curve to default, right-click the envelope curve, and select Reset level to 0 dB.

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Changing the Overall Volume Envelope of a Clip

The default envelope curve contains no volume envelope points. In this condition, you can still use the curve to change the overall volume for a clip.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Montage workspace, place the mouse cursor on the envelope curve.The mouse cursor takes on the shape of a circle with two arrows that point up and down.

2. Click and drag the curve up or down to change the clip envelope volume.

Fades and Crossfades in the Audio Montage

A fade-in is a gradual increase in level and a fade-out is a gradual decrease in level. A crossfade is a gradual fade between two sounds, where one is faded in and the other faded out.

Creating Fades

By default, all clips display a fade-in and a fade-out junction point. These can be dragged horizontally to create a fade-in or fade-out for a clip.

You can add envelope points to a fade just as with volume envelopes.

• To create a fade-in, click the fade-in point at the beginning of a clip, and drag it to the right.

• To create a fade-out, click the fade-out point at the end of a clip, and drag it to the left.

• To move a fade-in/fade-out point vertically, press [Ctrl]/[Command] while dragging.


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• To create a crossfade, move a clip onto another. A crossfade is automatically created at the junction point.

The resulting linear fade-in/fade-out curve is displayed in the clip, and the fade is also reflected in the waveform. If you position the mouse over the fade-in point, a label appears, showing the fade-in time in seconds and milliseconds and the volume in dB.

Editing Fades Menu

In this menu, you can select various preset fade curves and other fade-related options.

In the Audio Montage workspace, right-click the fade-in or fade-out point to open the Fade-in/Fade-out menu. This menu is a subset of the Focused clip window.

Fade-in region/Fade-out regionAdjusts the view to mainly display the fade-in/fade-out part of the focused clip.

LinearChanges level linearly.


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Sinus (*)Changes level according to the first quarter period of the sine curve. When used in a crossfade, the loudness (RMS) remains constant during the transition.

Square-root (*)Changes level according to the square-root curve. When used in a crossfade, the loudness (RMS) remains constant during the transition.

SinusoidChanges level according to a half period part of the sine curve.

LogarithmicChanges level logarithmically.


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ExponentialChanges level exponentially.

Exponential+Changes level strongly exponential.

Set fade-in time/Set fade-out timeSets the fade-in time/fade-out time to the value that you have specified in the Focused clip window on the Fade-in/Fade-out panel.

Crossfade Editing

You can create crossfades with independent shapes and lengths for the fade-in and fade-out curves.

The default automatic crossfade is linear. It uses the same shape and fade lengths for fade-in and fade-out. In most cases, an unaltered linear or sine crossfade produces the intended result. The following rules apply:

• A crossfade includes fade-in and fade-out.

• You can edit the fade-in and fade-out curves in crossfades in the same way as fades.

• To resize the crossfade time symmetrically, press [Shift], click the crossfade area, and drag left and right.

• To move the crossfade region while keeping its length, press [Ctrl]/[Command], click the crossfade area, and drag left and right.

• When you move a clip so that it overlaps another clip to create a crossfade, and neither clip has a defined fade in the overlap, a default crossfade is created.

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• When moving a clip with a defined fade curve so that it overlaps the adjacent edge of another clip (without a defined fade), the unmoved clip automatically gets the same fade shape as the moved clip (but as a corresponding opposite fade), with amplitude compensation. This only applies if the fade-out length of the unmoved clip is set to zero.

• If both clips have different defined fade curves at their adjacent edges when creating a crossfade, this creates an asymmetrical crossfade, based on the defined fade curves.

The Options menu provides additional options that affect crossfades.

About Cloning Audio Montages

When you clone an audio montage, you create a copy.

Clone copies the audio montage and lets the new clips reference to the original audio files. This is useful if you want to create several versions of the audio montage, for example, to experiment with variations. However, any processing or editing that you apply to the actual audio files are reflected in both audio montages.

Cloning Audio Montages

This creates a copy of the audio montage in which the new clips reference to the original audio files.

PROCEDURE

• In the Audio Montage workspace, select File > Clone, or press [Ctrl]/[Command], drag a tab, and drop it on the tab bar.

RESULT

A copy of the audio montage opens in another tab.

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Mixing Down - The Render Function

The render function in the Master Section allows you to mix down the whole audio montage or a region of it to a single audio file.

A mixdown is necessary to produce an audio file from the audio montage.

RELATED LINKS:“Rendering” on page 151

Notes Window

This window allows you to keep notes about the current audio montage session.

In the Audio Montage workspace, select Workspace > Specific tool windows > Notes.

You can type into the window and use the standard HTML text editor controls to format your text, add images, and lists. The notes are saved with the audio montage file.

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Recording

You can record audio in the Audio Files workspace and in the Audio Montage workspace.

Setting Up the Recording Dialog

Before you start recording, set up the Recording dialog.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Audio Files workspace or the Audio Montage workspace, click the Record button, or press [*] on the numeric key pad.

2. In the File to create section, open the pop-up menu, and select whether you want to record a named file or a temporary file.

3. In the File to create section, select a file name and the location where you want to store your file.

4. Select the audio format by doing one of the following:• Click the down arrow button to select a preset audio format.

• Click the audio format text to open the Audio File Format dialog, select the format, and click OK.

5. Select whether you want to record to an audio file or an audio montage track, by selecting one of the following options:• Create new audio file window

• Add to active audio file

• Add to focused track of montage

6. Select whether you want the Level or the Spectrum display.

7. Click Record, to start recording.The background of the Recording dialog turns red to indicate that you are recording.

8. Optional: You can pause the recording by clicking the Pause button.

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9. Optional: You can drop markers in the file during recording by clicking the drop marker buttons.

10. When you have finished recording, click Stop.

11. Optional: If you want to record another take, click Record again.

Dropping Markers During Recording

When you are recording, you can click the marker buttons to add a marker to the recorded file.

PROCEDURE

1. Open the Recording dialog.

2. Make your settings and start recording.

3. Select the type of marker that you want to drop.• To drop a numbered generic marker, click the yellow marker

button, or press [Ctrl]/[Command]-M.

• To drop numbered generic region start and end markers, click the white buttons, or press [Ctrl]/[Command]-L/[Ctrl]/[Command]-R.

RESULT

The markers are dropped each time that you click the marker button.

NOTE

If you insert two or more region start markers in a row with no region end markers in between, only the last of these start markers is kept. The same applies for region end markers.

Recording Dialog

In this dialog, you can make recording settings and start recording an audio file.

In the Audio Files workspace or the Audio Montage workspace, click the Record button or select Transport > Record.

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Main Buttons

RecordStarts recording. Depending on the recording options, the Pause mode is activated.

PausePauses recording.

StopStops recording.

DiscardStops recording and deletes anything recorded so far.

Settings

File to createSpecify whether you want to record a temporary file to be saved later, or record to a file with a specific name and location.

NameThe name of the file to be written, without the path. When typing, all files in the selected folder that start with the same letters are displayed. To display all files in the selected folder, click the list icon.

WhereSpecifies the folder where you want to save the recording.

Audio File FormatOpens the Audio File Format dialog, where you can specify the file format.

Location of the RecordingSpecifies where the audio is recorded:

• In a new audio file window.


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• In an existing audio file is inserted at the edit cursor position (if none exists, a new one is created).

• In an existing audio montage is inserted at the edit cursor position (if none exists, a new one is created).

Meter Display

Level/SpectrumSpecifies which meter to display.

SettingsOpens the LeveL/Pan Meter Settings dialog, where you can customize the meter settings.

ResetResets the peak values.

MonitorIf this option is activated, the audio input is also sent to the output ports (not available if Windows MME drivers is used).

Mix with playbackIf this option is activated and the same audio ports are selected for monitoring and for playback (in the VST Audio Connections dialog), the signals are mixed. If this is not activated, the monitoring signal has priority.

This allows you to toggle between the auditioning of the recorded signal and the playback signal, and to have full control over the monitor outputs.

Next marker nameSelect a marker name from the list of recently used marker names.


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Meter Display

In the lower part of the Recording dialog, you find a meter display. This is useful for checking the input level and the frequency spectrum of the input signal.

The meters in the Recording dialog are miniature versions of the Level, Spectrum in the meter windows. Activate the meters, by activating the Monitor checkbox.

To reset the meters, click the Reset button.

Level Meter

In the Level meter, horizontal bars show the peak level (outer bars) and average loudness (VU, inner bars) of each channel. Values are also shown numerically. When clicking the Settings button, the Level/Pan Meter Settings dialog opens.

Spectrum Meter

The Spectrum Meter shows a bar diagram, providing a continuous graphical representation of the frequency spectrum. From the Settings pop-up menu you can choose whether to restrict to high audio levels, or to include medium or low audio levels.

Disk Capacity Indicator

This indicator at the bottom of the Recording dialog indicates the approximate amount of available disk space on the hard disk specified in the File to create section, or the hard disk that you have selected for temporary files.

NOTE

When there is less than 30 seconds of available hard disk space left, the disk capacity indication is displayed in red.

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Master Section

The Master Section is the final block in the signal path before the audio is sent to the audio hardware, to an audio file, or to the audio meters. This is where you adjust master levels, and add effects.

The settings and effects in the Master Section are taken into account in the following cases:

• When playing back an audio file in the wave window.

• When playing back an audio montage.

• When using the Render function.

By default, the Master Section is active. You can turn it off for each file individually by deactivating the Play through Master Section button at the bottom of the wave/montage window.

To turn the Master Section off globally, deactivate the Playback goes through Master Section button at the bottom right of the Master Section.

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Master Section Window

In this window you can apply effect plug-ins, adjust the master level, and render the audio file or audio montage.

To open the Master Section window, in any workspace, select Global > Master Section.

The Master Section consists of the Effects pane, and the Master Level pane.


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Signal Path

The two panes in the Master Section window correspond to the Master Section’s processing blocks: Effects and Master Level.

The signal passes through these blocks from top to bottom, as shown in the following figure:

In the Master Section, the signal goes through all plug-ins, even when some plug-ins are soloed. However, the sound is not affected by this because the muted plug-ins are bypassed from the playback process stream.

When removing the bypass, the process signal is immediately available without latency. This allows you to quickly switch between different solo/mute settings.

Effects Pane

This pane in the Master Section allows you to add up to 3 effect plug-ins in series, and manage them.

In the Audio Files workspace or the Audio Montage workspace, select Workspace > Shared tool windows > Master Section.

RearrangeRearranges the Master Section according to the sample rate and channel configuration of the active audio file. The internal bus of the Master Section and any active plug-ins are configured accordingly.


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This operation is performed automatically before playback or rendering. It is sometimes helpful to manually rearrange the Master Section, because some plug-ins do not accept a mono or stereo signal as input, or a given sample rate. In that case, clicking the button informs you about any problems, before playback or rendering.

This operation has no effect if playback is already in progress or if there is no active audio file.

Show one more slotMakes one more slot visible.

Hide bottom slotHides the bottom slot.

Fold/unfold sectionExpands or collapses the Effects pane.

Bypass during playbackBypasses the plug-in during playback and optionally for a rendering operation. The signal is still processed by the plug-in, but is not injected in the audible stream.

Solo (bypass)Bypasses all plug-ins except this one during playback.

Effect plug-in slotSlot where you can insert an effect plug-in.

Presets menuLets you store and restore preset settings. The Presets menu offers additional options to save and load default banks and effects.

Plug-in visibilityActivates/deactivates the plug-in window.

Switch effect on/offExcludes the plug-in from both playback and rendering, and rearranges the bus without this effect.


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Supported Effect Plug-in Formats

WaveLab LE supports different plug-in standards. WaveLab LE-specific plug-ins, VST 2 plug-ins and VST 3 plug-ins.

WaveLab LE-specific Plug-ins

Some specific plug-ins are included in WaveLab LE, for example, the Crystal Resampler plug-in.

VST Plug-ins

Steinberg’s VST plug-in format is supported by a lot of programs and plug-in manufacturers. You find a number of VST plug-ins included with WaveLab LE. Other plug-ins can be purchased separately from Steinberg or other manufacturers, or in some cases downloaded from the internet.

NOTE

If you have Cubase installed on your computer, you can use the effects that are included with Cubase in WaveLab LE. See the Cubase documentation for details.

Setting Up Effects

The number of effects available depends on which plug-ins you have installed.

• To select an effect plug-in for a slot, click the slot, and select an effect from the pop-up menu. When you have selected an effect, it is automatically activated, and its control panel opens.

• To turn off an effect, click its Switch effect on/off button. To activate the effect, click again.

• To remove an effect plug-in, click the slot, and select None.

• To hide the control panel of an effect, click its Plug-in visibility button.

• To solo an effect, click the Solo button to the left of the effect slot. This allows you to check the sound of that effect only. You can also bypass effects in their control panels.

• To change the order of the slots, and thus the order in which the signal passes through the effects, click a slot, and drag it to a new position.


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Master Section Plug-in Window

In the plug-in windows of the Master Section, you can make settings for a Master Section effect plug-in.

In the Master Section’s Effects pane, click an effect’s Plug-in visibility button to open the corresponding plug-in window for the effect.

Effect Plug-in Presets

With WaveLab LE comes a number of factory presets for the included effect plug-ins that you can select and use as is, or use as a starting point for your own settings.

Third-party plug-ins can provide their own factory presets. To access the presets for an effect, click the Preset button in its control panel window. The available functions depend on the type of plug-in.

Presets for VST 3 Plug-ins

Applying and saving presets for WaveLab LE specific plug-ins works exactly as with any other preset, apart from the fact that there are no preset tabs or menu items as in dialogs. Instead, clicking the Preset button opens a separate Preset dialog.

The options in this dialog are the same as for dialogs with Preset tabs.

The file format is compatible with Cubase.

Presets for VST 2 Plug-ins

VST 2 plug-ins have their own preset handling. When you click the Preset button for this type of effect, a pop-up menu with the following options opens:

Load/Save BankLoads and saves complete sets of presets. The file format is compatible with Cubase.

Load/Save Default BankLoad the default set of presets or saves the current set of presets as the default bank.


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Load/Save EffectLoads or saves a preset. This is also compatible with Cubase.

Edit name of current programAllows you to define a name for the preset.

Preset ListAllows you to select one of the currently loaded presets.

Master Level Pane

This pane in the Master Section allows you to control the master level of the active audio file.

Faders

The faders in the Master Level pane govern the final output level. Use the faders to optimize the level of the signal that is sent to the audio hardware.

NOTE

It is important to avoid clipping, especially when mastering. Clipping is indicated by the clip indicators of the Master Section.

Meters

The Master Section meters show the signal level of the signal.

Use these to get an overview of the signal levels. The numeric fields above the faders show the peak levels for each channel. The peak indicators turn red whenever the signal clips. If this happens, you should lower the faders, reset the clip indicators by clicking the Reset peaks button, or clicking the values, and play back the section again until no clipping occurs.


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Mono Button

The Mono button sums two channels to mono. The output level is automatically reduced by -6 dB, to avoid clipping. The Mono button is useful for checking mono compatibility of stereo mixes, etc.

If the Mono button is activated, the red indicator for the Master Level pane is lit, even if the master level is not adjusted. This helps you avoid accidentally leaving the Mono button activated.

Unlink Button

Determines whether the faders should be individually adjustable or ganged.

If Unlink is deactivated, moving one fader also moves the other by the same amount. Activating Unlink allows you to correct improper stereo balancing by adjusting the channels’ levels individually.

• If you offset the faders with Unlink activated and then deactivate Unlink again, you can adjust the overall level without changing the level offset between the channels.

• Fader offsets are not preserved at the end of the range of movement or once the mouse button is released.

Master Section Tools

The tools and options at the bottom pane of the Master Section window allow you to make various settings before rendering the file, make bypass settings, and decide whether the playback goes through the Master Section or not.

Bypass all effectsBypasses any kind of processing in the effect panel during playback, and optionally when rendering.

Reset allRemoves all the active effects from the effects slots and sets the master output to 0 dB.

Setting menuOpens the Master Section settings menu.

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RenderClicking opens the Render dialog. Right-clicking opens a menu where you can select whether you want to open the Render dialog, render using the last settings, or use in-place rendering.

Playback goes through Master SectionIf this option is deactivated, the Master Section is ignored during playback of any file, freeing up resources. However, rendering to file is still possible. If playback is activated when you change this option, it stops and restarts.

Rendering

By rendering the effects in the Master Section, they become a permanent part of a file, rather than using them in real-time to test a set of effects on a file. So instead of performing all processing in real-time during playback, you can save the audio output to a file on disk.

This is done with the Render function of the Master Section.

Writing the outputs of the Master Section to a file on disk allows you to apply Master Section processing to an audio file, or mix down an audio montage to an audio file.

Rendering Files

PROCEDURE

1. In the Master Section, make your settings.

2. On the bottom of the Master Section, click the Render button.

3. In the Render dialog, make your rendering settings.

4. When you have set up the rendering process, click OK.

RESULT

The file is rendered.

NOTE

Several rendering operations can be run at the same time when using different files.


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In-Place Rendering

In the Audio Files workspace, you can process a section of an audio file or the whole audio file directly from within a plug-in window, without any intermediary step. This is a quick way to process several audio sections in an audio file, or test the effect of different plug-ins on an audio file.

When using this function, the following render settings are always active:

• Fade-in/out at boundaries

• Exclude bypassed plug-ins

NOTE

Once an audio section has been processed, there is no automatic bypass of plug-ins or the Master Section.

An example for using in-place rendering:

Let’s say that you are restoring a file and have 3 favorite plug-ins, for example, 3 DeClicker plug-ins. Now you want to use the one that gives the best results.

1) Load all 3 plug-ins in the Master Section.

2) Select a region, solo plug-in #1, and play the region.

3) Solo plug-in #2, and play the region.

4) Solo plug-in #3, and play the region.

5) Solo the plug-in that you think sounded the best, and click the Render in place button, or press [Alt]/[Option]-[A].

Render Dialog

This dialog allows you to select what parts of an audio file to render, and into which format.

To open the Render dialog, click the Render button in the Master Section.


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The following options are available for both rendering in the Audio Files workspace and in the Audio Montage workspace:

Audio range - One regionProcesses and renders a time range specified using region markers. In the drop-down menu below this option, select the region you want to render.

Create named filesIf this option is activated, you can set name of the rendered file. Otherwise, the file is named “untitled”.

NameEnter a name for the rendered file. Clicking the arrow icon opens a menu that offers you several automatic naming options.

Auto namingWhen rendering multiple sources, you can activate this option to add a numeric prefix to all rendered files.

WhereSelect a folder where the file is rendered to.

File formatOpens the Audio File Format dialog, where you can select the file format.

Copy markersIf this option is activated, markers included in the range to process are copied to the rendered file.

Bypass Master Section on resulting audio fileIf this option is activated, playback of the resulting audio file bypasses the entire Master Section after rendering. This setting can be toggled by clicking on the button at the bottom right of the wave window or montage window.

NOTE

It is recommended to have this option activated, because you do not want to monitor this new file through the effects again when the effects have been applied to a file.

No tailIf this option is activated, the audio tail produced by effects such as reverbs is not included in the rendered file.

Some plug-ins do not provide a tail duration to WaveLab LE. In this case, this option has no effect. For such plug-ins, you could add the Silence plug-in to add extra samples at the end of the file. An audio tail appears in this space.


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Upload to SoundCloudIf this option is activated, the rendered file is uploaded to SoundCloud, after the rendering process is finished.

Bypass Master SectionIf this option is activated, the plug-ins and gain of the Master Section are bypassed when rendering.

Exclude bypassed plug-insIf this option is activated, the plug-ins that are bypassed during playback are not used for rendering.

This applies to the bypass states managed by WaveLab LE, not any bypass state that is under the control of the plug-ins.

Open resulting audio fileIf this option is activated, each rendered file is opened in a new window.

Render Dialog in the Audio Files Workspace

The following options in the Render dialog are exclusive to the Audio Files workspace:

Time range - Whole fileProcesses and renders the whole audio range.

Time range - SelectionProcesses and renders the selected audio range.

Process in placeIf this option is activated, the rendered audio range replaces the source audio range. Otherwise, a new file is created.

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Render Dialog in the Audio Montage Workspace

The following options in the Render dialog are exclusive to the Audio Montage workspace:

Time range - Whole montageProcesses and renders the whole audio range.

About Monitoring Background Tasks

When rendering you can monitor the process, and pause or cancel tasks.

A status bar below the wave window and the montage window shows the progress of the current rendering process. You can cancel or pause the rendering with the provided buttons.

About Dropouts

A dropout most likely occurs when your computer does not have the processing power to handle all effect processors you have inserted.

To avoid dropouts, try the following:

• Use fewer effects.

• Consider rendering the processing rather than running it in real time. Then master from the processed file without any effects. Dropouts never occur when rendering to a file.

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• Do not process any files in the background.

• If neither of the above helps, check the audio card preference settings. You might need to adjust the audio buffer settings. If a dropout occurs during a real-time mastering process we recommend that you re-master. Stop playback, click the dropout indicator to reset it, and try again.

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Markers

Markers allow you to save and name certain positions in a file. Markers are useful for editing and playback, for example, to indicate cue points or absolute time locations, to highlight problem sections, and to visually separate tracks.

For example, markers can be used to:

• Set the wave cursor to a specific position.

• Select all audio between two positions.

NOTE

The functions in the Markers window of the Audio Files workspace and the Audio Montage workspace are the same. However, the Markers window of the Audio Montage workspace offers additional options regarding clips.

Marker Types

The following marker types are available:

Generic markersAllow you to locate positions and select all the audio between two points, for example. They can be created during recording.

Region start and end markersDefine start and end points for generic regions. They can be created during recording and are used in pairs.

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Markers Window

In this window, you can create, edit, and use markers while working on an audio waveform or audio montage.

If the window is not already visible, do the following: In the Audio Files workspace or the Audio Montage workspace, select Workspace > Specific tool window > Markers.

Markers List

The Markers window contains a list of all markers of the active file along with their details and controls. You can create and edit markers directly from the markers list.

NumbersClicking the number of a marker scrolls the waveform to reveal the corresponding marker.

Playback triggersThe following playback buttons are available:

Playback from start with a pre-roll.

-[Alt]/[Option]Playback from start with a long pre-roll.

Playback from start.

Marker typeShows the marker type. To change the marker type, click the marker icon and select another marker type from the pop-up list.

NameShows the marker name. To change the name, double-click in the corresponding cell and enter a new value.

TimeShows the marker position on the time ruler. To change the time position, double-click in the corresponding cell and enter a new value.

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LengthShows the time value from the marker start position until the corresponding end.

• To zoom on the region between a start and end marker, in the Length column, click the corresponding cell.

• To select the region between a start and end marker, in the Length column, double-click the corresponding cell (Audio Files workspace only).

Clip reference (Audio Montage workspace only)A marker can be attached to the left or right edge of a clip, and to its waveform. When such reference moves, the marker moves along. The clip reference column shows the name of the clip.

Offset (Audio Montage workspace only)Shows the distance between the marker and the reference point.

Insert Menu

On this menu, you can select the marker type that you want to insert at the edit or playback cursor position.

Functions Menu

The options on this menu differ depending on the workspace. The following options are available in the Audio Files workspace and the Audio Montage workspace:

Select allSelects all markers in the markers list.

Select in time rangeSelects the markers located in the selection range in the wave window (Audio Files workspace only).

Deselect allDeselects all markers.

Delete selected markersDeletes all markers that are selected.

Customize commandsOpens a dialog where you can customize marker-related menus and shortcuts.

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The following options of the Functions menu are only available in the Audio Montage workspace:

Bind selected marker to start of focused clipMakes the marker’s position relative to the start of the focused clip. When the start of this clip moves, the marker moves, too.

Bind selected marker to end of focused clipMakes the marker’s position relative to the end of the focused clip. When the end of this clip moves, the marker moves, too.

Detach selected marker from its associated clipMakes the marker’s position relative to the start of the audio montage.

Full clip attachmentAttaches markers to a clip so that they are copied or deleted when the clip is copied or deleted.

Filter Menu

Use the Filter menu to toggle which types of markers are displayed in the markers list and on the timeline.

About Creating Markers

Markers can be created during playback or in stop mode. You can mark a selection range, for example.

You can create specific markers if you already know what you want to mark, or create generic markers. Creating markers is done in the same way in the Audio Files workspace and the Audio Montage workspace.


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Creating Markers

You can create markers in the wave window and montage window in stop mode or during playback.

PROCEDURE

1. Do one of the following:• Start playback.

• In the wave/montage window, set the cursor to the position where you want to insert the marker.

2. Do one of the following:• In the Markers window, click a marker button, or select a marker

from the Insert menu.

• In the Markers window, select Insert > Create/Name marker, enter a name and select a marker type, and click Create or Create and close.

• Right-click the upper part of the time ruler, and select a marker from the context menu.

• Press [Insert]/[M]. This creates a generic marker.

Create Marker Dialog

This dialog allows you to create and name a marker in stop mode and during playback.

In the Markers window, select Insert > Create/Name marker.

NameLets you enter the name of the marker.

When clicking the icon to the right of the name field, a default name is generated. To edit the default names, in the Markers window, select Functions > Default names.

TypeLets you select the type of marker.


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Toggle start/end markersIf this option is activated, and you create a region start or end marker, the related end or start marker is created when you click the Create or Create and close button again.

Create and closeCreates the defined markers and closes the dialog.

CreateCreates the defined markers while leaving the window open allowing you to create more markers.

RELATED LINKS:“Default Marker Names Dialog” on page 166

Creating Markers at Selection Start and End

You can mark a selection for looping or review, for example.

PROCEDURE

1. In the wave window, create a selection range.

2. Do one of the following:• In the Markers window, click a marker pair button, or open the

Insert menu and select one of the marker pairs.

• In the Markers window, select Insert > Create/Name region from selection, enter a name for the start and end marker, select a region type, and click Create or Create and close.

• In the wave window, make a selection range, right-click it, and select one of the marker pairs.

• In the wave window or the montage window, create a selection range, right-click the time ruler, and select one of the marker pairs.


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Create Region Dialog

This dialog allows you to create and name a start and end marker from a selection during stop mode and during playback.

In the Markers window, select Insert > Create/Name region from selection.

Region nameLets you enter the name of the start and end marker. If nothing is entered, a generic name is created.

When clicking the icon to the right of the name field, a default name is generated. To edit the default names, in the Markers window, select Functions > Default names.

Set a different name for the closing markerIf this option is activated, you can enter a different name for the closing marker. If this option is deactivated, the name of the start marker is also used for the end marker.

Region typeLets you select the type of region marker.

Create and closeCreates the defined markers and closes the dialog.

CreateCreates the defined markers and leaves the window open allowing you to create more markers.

RELATED LINKS:“Default Marker Names Dialog” on page 166

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Duplicating Markers

This is a quick way to create a marker from an existing marker.

PROCEDURE

• In the wave window or the montage window, hold down [Shift], click a marker, and drag.

Deleting Markers

Markers can be deleted in the wave window or the montage window, and in the Markers window.

Deleting Markers in the Wave/Montage Window

Individual markers can easily be deleted in the wave window.

• In the wave/montage window, right-click a marker, and select Delete.

• Drag and drop a marker icon above the time ruler.

Deleting Markers in the Markers Window

This is useful if your project has many markers or if the marker that you want to delete is not visible in the wave/montage window.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Markers window, select one or several markers.You can also select Functions > Select all.

2. Click the Delete selected markers button, or select Functions > Delete selected markers.

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Moving Markers

You can adjust marker positions in the wave window and the montage window.

PROCEDURE

1. In the wave/montage window, drag a marker to a new position on the time ruler.If Magnetic bounds is activated, the marker snaps to the cursor position, or the beginning/end of a selection or waveform.

Navigating to Markers

You can jump to the previous or next marker using the corresponding marker buttons.

• To jump to the previous/next marker, on the View command bar, click the Previous marker/Next marker button.

• To set the wave cursor to a marker position, in the wave window or the montage window, double-click a marker triangle.

Hiding Markers of a Certain Type

For a better overview, you can hide marker types.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Markers window, select Filter.

2. Deactivate the marker type that you want to hide.You can make the markers visible again by activating the corresponding marker type.

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Renaming Markers

You can change the automatically generated names of markers.

• To rename a marker in the wave window or the montage window, right-click a marker, select Rename, and enter a new name.

• To rename markers in the Markers window, double-click a marker name in the Name column, and enter a new name.

• To edit the default names, in the Markers window, select Functions > Default names.

Default Marker Names Dialog

In this dialog, you can specify the default marker names.

In the Markers window, select Functions > Default names.

Marker typeLets you select the type of marker to which you want to assign a default name.

Default name for this type of markerLets you specify the default name for the selected marker type.

About Selecting Markers

There are several ways to select markers.

• In the wave window or the montage window, click a marker.

• In the Markers window, click in a cell. The corresponding marker is selected.

• Use [Ctrl]/[Command] and [Shift] to select multiple markers.

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The marker icon changes its background, to indicate the selected marker.

Selecting the Audio Between Markers

You can quickly select the audio between two adjacent markers or between any two markers. This allows you to select a section that has been marked.

• To select the audio between two adjacent markers, double-click between two adjacent markers.

• To select several regions between two adjacent markers, double-click between two adjacent markers, and after the second click, drag to select the adjacent regions.

• To select the audio between a region marker pair, hold down [Shift], and double-click a region marker.

• To extend the selection until the end of a marker region, in the wave/montage window, hold down [Shift], and double-click in the marker region that you want to select.

• To activate the Markers window and display further information about a certain marker, hold down [Alt]/[Option], and double-click a marker.

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Binding Markers to Clips in the Audio Montage

In the Audio Montage workspace, you can bind markers to clips. By doing this, the marker remains in the same position relative to the clip start/end, even if the clip is moved in the audio montage or resized.

You can find the options regarding clips and markers in the Functions menu of the Markers window, and when right-clicking a marker.

RELATED LINKS:“Markers Window” on page 158

How Marker Information is Stored

WaveLab LE uses MRK files to have a file format independent way to store information. However, to make marker information exchangeable between applications to a certain extent, WaveLab LE also stores optionally some information in the Wave headers.

This makes saving files quicker if only a marker settings has been changed. However, this only applies when Write markers in WAV file header is deactivated in the Audio File editing preferences on the File tab. By default, both MRK files are created and information are stored in the Wave headers.

• When you open a file that includes markers that were added in WaveLab LE, and markers that were added in another application, all markers are displayed when reopening the file in WaveLab LE.

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Importing Audio CD Tracks

You can read audio tracks from regular CDs and save them as a digital copy in any audio format on your hard disk.

Although WaveLab LE supports a large number of CD drives, there are some restrictions you need to be aware of:

• Observe and respect any copyright notices on the CDs from which you are importing tracks.

When importing tracks, they are named “Track XX” by default, where XX is a number starting at 01. The numbering scheme can be changed.

NOTE

Importing audio CD tracks is technically more complicated than reading files from a CD-ROM or hard disk, because audio sectors can be hard to detect. Some CDs which do not conform completely to the CD standard may cause problems, especially when being copy protected.

Import Audio CD Dialog

In this dialog, you can import one or more tracks from an audio CD.

In any workspace, select File > Import > Audio CD.

Menus

Rename tracks - NameRenames the tracks according to the selected renaming scheme.

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Actions Tab

SourceOn a Windows system, select the CD drive from which you want to import audio CD tracks. On a Mac OS system, select a file path.

SpeedHere, you select the writing speed. The highest speed depends on the capabilities of your writing device and of the media present in the device.

RefreshIf you insert a CD while the Import Audio CD dialog is open, you need to click this button to show the contents of that CD in the list.

Eject optical mediumEjects the medium of the selected drive.

Track listShows the tracks on the CD.

Range - Start/LengthUse the Range Start and Length fields to define a start point and length if you want to import only a section of a track.

Output - WhereHere, you define an output location.

Output - File FormatHere, you define an output file format.

Select AllSelects all CD tracks in the track list.

PlayPlays back the selected CD track.

Options Tab

Trim silenceIf this option is activated, silence between imported tracks is removed. Only digital silence is removed, that is, samples with a zero level.

Automatically refresh on CD changeIf this option is activated, WaveLab LE checks for the presence of a new CD in the drive several times a second. If a new CD is found, the track list display is refreshed.

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Importing Audio CD Tracks

PROCEDURE

1. Insert a CD into the CD-ROM/CD-R device.

2. Select File > Import > Audio CD.

3. In the Source section, select the drive from which you want to read, as well as the read speed.

4. In the track list, select the tracks that you want to import.

5. Optional: If you have only selected one file, in the Range section, you can define a Start and Length, to import just a part of the track.

6. In the Output section, click the folder icon, and select an output location.You can also drag one or more CD tracks onto an audio montage track.

7. In the Output section, click the file format field, and select a file format for the imported audio files.

8. Click Save.

RESULT

The tracks are retrieved.

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Podcasts

Podcasting is a method of distributing multimedia files over the internet, for example, for playback on mobile devices and personal computers.

A Podcast can be downloaded automatically, using software that is capable of reading RSS feeds. RSS (Really Simple Syndication) is a standard for distributing news and other information via the internet. An RSS news feed sends short messages on a certain topic from a specific web site. In order to read the messages, the user employs a program that has the ability to monitor multiple feeds and automatically download new messages on a regular basis. This can be special feed readers or an internet browser, for example.

A Podcast is an RSS feed including data content, such as audio or video files. This can be a show of which new episodes are released regularly. The file formats .mp4a, .mp3, and .ogg are commonly used for podcasts.

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Podcast Workspace

The Podcast workspace is divided into two panes. The upper pane shows the information for the feed or an episode, depending on the item that is selected in the list below. This is where you can add files, internet links, or textual information to the Podcast feed and its episodes. The lower pane shows an item list of the basic feed and all episodes that are included in the Podcast.

Episodes Menu

In the Episodes menu, you can create, delete, and move individual Podcast episodes.

NewAdds a new untitled episode without any information present.

Duplicate selectedAdds a new episode, copying all the information from the existing episode to the new one.


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Delete selectedDeletes the selected episode. Alternatively, you can exclude an Episode from the Podcast by deactivating the Enabled box.

Cut/Copy/PasteCuts, copies, and pastes the selected episode.

Move up/Move downMoves the selected episode one position up or down in the item list. Alternatively, use drag and drop.

Publish Menu

In the Publish menu, you can define where your Podcast is going to be uploaded via FTP.

Update all items on FTPUploads/updates the XML Podcast file on the FTP server. It also uploads all media files of the item, but only if they are not yet available on the FTP server. This is the most common function to upload and update your Podcast.

Update selected item on FTPUploads/updates the XML Podcast file on the FTP server. It also uploads the media file of the selected item in the list, but only if it is not yet available on the FTP server.

Upload/Replace all items on FTPThis is the same as above, but it always uploads/replaces all of the media files belonging to the item. This is useful if you have changed the audio data, for example.

Upload/Replace selected items on FTPThis is the same as above, but it always uploads/replaces the media file of the selected item in the list. This is useful if you have changed the audio data, for example.

View published PodcastOpens your Podcast (via the URL specified in your FTP site settings) using your default browser.

FTP siteEdit the FTP settings that are related to this Podcast.


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Main Tab

On the Main tab, you can assign parameters to your Podcast. The available parameters change, depending on whether you select a feed or an episode. Field labels in bold letters mark fields that are mandatory to fill.

TitleSets the title of the feed, for example, the topic of your Podcast.

DescriptionGives space for a further description of the feed content.

Internet link (URL)The main link of the feed that the user sees. Use this to direct people to a certain web site that is related to your feed. Clicking the world icon opens the specified URL in your default internet browser.

Picture (only available for feeds)According to the RSS standard, this picture may not be larger than 144 x 400 pixels, so the picture is automatically resized. Clicking the sunglasses icon opens the specified picture in your default image viewer of your system.

Publication date and timeSets the publication date and time of the feed or episode. Clicking the Now button transfers current date and time of your system.

As most recent episode (only available for feeds)If As most recent episode is activated, the date and time of the most recent episode are automatically matched.

Audio file (only available for episodes)This sets the path to the audio file that you want to add to the episode. The audio file can be any file type that is supported by the media reader of your browser. An .mp3 file provides best compatibility. Click the icon to list the audio files that are already open in WaveLab LE. Select one for your episode.

Alternatively, you can drag the list icon of an audio file into the audio file pane. Click the play icon to open the specified file in the default media player or viewer of your system, for previewing or checking purposes.

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Creating a Podcast

There are several ways to create a new Podcast feed or episode.

• To create a new podcast, in the Podcast workspace, select File > New.

• To create a new podcast from the selected audio file, in the Audio Files workspace, select File > Export > Create Podcast from active file.

• To add an audio file to an existing podcast, in the Audio Files workspace, select File > Special > Add to Podcast.

• To add a new untitled episode to a podcast, in the Podcast workspace, select Episodes > New.

• To duplicate an episode, in the Podcast workspace, select Episodes > Duplicate. This adds a new episode, and copies all information from the existing episode to the new one.

Setting Up a FTP for Podcast Publishing

To be able to upload a Podcast to your FTP server, you must enter the FTP server details first.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Podcast workspace, select Publish > FTP site.

2. Enter the following details:• The log-in details for your FTP server.

• The relative path and file name of the Podcast (extension .xml).

• Your web site address including the path to the feed.

3. Click OK.

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Publishing a Podcast

You can upload a Podcast from within WaveLab LE directly to your FTP server.

PREREQUISITE

Set up your FTP settings within WaveLab LE.

PROCEDURE

1. In the Podcast workspace, select the Publish menu, and select one of the following options:• Update all items on FTP

• Update selected item on FTP

• Upload/Replace all items on FTP

• Upload/Replace selected items on FTP

2. Check if the FTP settings are correct, and click OK.

RESULT

The Podcast is uploaded to your FTP site.

FTP Site Dialog

In the FTP site dialog, you can manage all required information for the Podcast upload process.

In the Podcast workspace, select Publish > FTP site.

HostThe host name or IP address of the FTP server.

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User nameThe login name to your FTP server.

PasswordThe password to the login.

Use Passive ModeKeep this activated and only change this if you experience problems with the FTP connection.

Feed file name (with path)The Podcast file name that is displayed on your FTP server (extension .xml), including the relative path. File name and path are part of the final public internet address of the Podcast, so you may want to avoid long names.

Associated web site (URL)Your own web site address including the path to the feed.

FTP Site Dialog Example

• Your FTP host address is "ftp.MyPage.com", your public web site address is "www.MyPage.com".

• The feed file name setting is "podcasts/fantastic-cast.xml", the associated web site setting is "www.MyPage.com/podcasts".

• The media files of the Podcast will be uploaded to the FTP server at "ftp.MyPage.com/podcasts".

• The Podcast file itself and the internet address to be distributed will be found at "www.MyPage.com/podcasts/fantastic-cast.xml".

Each Podcast saves its own complete FTP site information. It is also possible to save and recall FTP site presets using the Preset functions at the bottom of the dialog.

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Checking the Podcast

After creating and publishing a Podcast, you can check if the upload was successful.

• To open your default internet browser and receive the Podcast that you have just published from the internet, in the Podcast workspace, select Publish > View published Podcast.

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Customizing

Customizing means making settings so that the program behaves and looks the way that you want it to.

Customizing the Wave Window and the Montage Window

You can style the wave/montage window to your liking, by adjusting colors of waveforms, background, cursor lines, etc., and changing the look of the ruler and other window details. This helps you find your way through the audio file or audio montage.

Customizing can be done in the following ways:

• By changing the default style.

• By assigning different styles, according to specific conditions. For example, a certain file type or a certain file name.

Default colors are provided, but you can also define custom colors. You can copy and paste colors to transfer colors between various parts of the wave/montage.

Assigning Custom Colors to the Wave Window or the Montage Window

PROCEDURE

1. Depending on whether you want to customize the colors of the wave window or the montage window, do the following:• In the Audio Files workspace, select Options > Audio file editing

preferences, and select the Style tab.

• In the Audio Montage workspace, select Options > Colors.

2. Select the part from the Parts list.

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3. Specify a color using the color picker or the RGB fields.

4. Click OK.

Assigning Custom Colors According to Conditions

You can have different color schemes automatically applied to different clips, according to their names or properties of their audio files.

IMPORTANTIMPORTANTIMPORTANTIMPORTANT

If you redefine colors, be careful not to choose colors that cause some elements to disappear. For example, when having black marker lines on a black background.

PROCEDURE

1. Depending on whether you want to customize the colors of the wave window or the montage window, do one of the following:• In the Audio Files workspace, select Options > Audio file editing

preferences, and select the Style tab.

• In the Audio Montage workspace, select Options > Color.

2. Depending on the workspace you are in, do one of the following:• In the Audio file editing preferences dialog, on the Style tab,

select one of the Conditional options from the menu at the top of the dialog.

• In the Audio montage colors dialog, in the Parts list, select one of the Custom entries.

3. Specify a color using the color picker or the RGB fields.

4. In the This style is used if these conditions apply section, specify the conditions.

5. Click OK.

Copying Color Settings

You can copy the color settings of one part, or all parts of a custom color schema.

• To copy a color setting, select the part from which you want to copy the color, and select Copy color. Then select the part to which you want to copy the color, and select Paste.


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• To copy all color settings of a custom color setting, drag the name of a custom color setting onto another custom color name, and click OK.

Audio Montage Colors Dialog

In this dialog, you can specify custom colors to clips and parts of a clip in the montage window.

In the Audio Montage workspace, select Options > Colors.

Parts listShows parts that can be colorized. Click a part to edit the color.

Undo allUndoes all changes that have been made since this dialog was opened.

UndoUndoes the last change.

HideHides the selected part.

Change both channelsIt is possible to make separate color settings for the left and the right side of stereo clips. If this option is activated, settings for the left side of a clip are automatically mirrored on the right side, and vice versa.

Color pickerLets you select the color for the selected part. Click the surrounding circle to select the hue. Click in the triangle to adjust the saturation and lightness.


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Red/Green/BlueLets you specify the red, green, and blue components of the RGB color spectrum.

Copy colorCopies the current color to the clipboard.

PastePastes the color from the clipboard.

This style is used if these conditions applyLets you define conditions under which a certain color style is applied.

File extension is any ofIf this option is activated, the color style is applied to clips referencing a file with the specified extension. Separate extensions with a “;” character.

Name contains any of these keywordsIf this option is activated, the color style is applied to clips with certain keywords in their name. Separate keywords with a “;” character.

Sample rate is in the rangeIf this option is activated, the color style is applied to clips referencing a file having a sample rate within the specified range.

Bit resolution is in the rangeIf this option is activated, the color style is applied to clips referencing a file having a bit resolution within the specified range.

Number of channels isIf this option is activated, the color style is applied to clips having the specified number of channels.

Color Elements in the Audio Montage Workspace

You can assign custom colors to various elements of the Audio Montage workspace.

In the Audio Montage workspace, select Options > Colors.


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Clip Colors

The following clip types are available:

Crossfade regionAllows you to set the background color for overlapping clip sections.

DefaultThe default colors, used for clips for which you have not selected any specific color.

LockedThe colors used for all fully locked clips.

MutedThe colors used for all muted clips.

CustomThese options correspond to the items on the color submenus. These can be renamed, and you can also set up conditions for when these should be automatically applied.

The following color elements are available:

Background top/bottomThe background colors of the clip. The resulting display backgrounds are gradient fades from the top colors to the bottom colors.

Waveform (normal/selected)The waveform color for selected and unselected clips.

Waveform outline (normal/selected)The color of the waveform outline for selected and unselected clips.

EdgeThe left and right edge of the clip.

Edge (selected)The left and right edge if the clip is selected.

Axis (level zero)The color of the horizontal dotted line in the middle of a clip, indicating zero level.

Axis (half level)The color of the horizontal dotted lines halfway up and down from the middle of a clip, indicating 50 % level.


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Channel separator (stereo clip)The line dividing the two sides in a stereo clip.

Clip nameThe name label of the clip.

Focused clip nameThe name label of the focused clip.

Focused clip name backgroundThe name label background of the focused clip.

Miscellaneous

Background top/bottomThe background colors of the track view for area without a clip.

Background (selected range) top/bottomThe background colors in selected ranges.

Cursor (edit)/Cursor (edit, no focus)/Cursor (playback)The color of the corresponding cursor.

Marker lineThe color of the marker lines in the audio montage.

Cue point line/End cue point lineThe color of the vertical dotted cue point lines and end cue point lines.

Time grid linesThe color of the time grid if activated in the menu of the time ruler.


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Audio Files Colors Dialog

This tab in the Audio file editing preferences dialog allows you to specify custom colors to parts of the wave window.

In the Audio Files workspace, select Options > Audio file editing preferences, and select the Style tab.

Styles listLets you select the default style and conditional styles.

Parts listShows parts that can be colorized. Click a part to edit the color.

Hide (for certain parts only)Hides the selected part.

Dotted line (for certain parts only)Changes the line to a dotted line.

Transparency (for certain parts only)Lets you edit the degree of transparency of the selected element.

Element size (for certain parts only)Lets you edit the size of the selected element.

Change both channelsAllows you to make separate color settings for the left and the right side of stereo file. If this option is activated, settings for the left side of a file are automatically mirrored on the right side, and vice versa.

Change both main view and overviewAllows you to make separate color settings for the main view and the overview. If this option is activated, settings for the main view are automatically mirrored on the overview, and vice versa.


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Color pickerLets you select the color for the selected part. Click the surrounding circle to select the hue. Click in the triangle to adjust the saturation and lightness.

Red/Green/BlueLets you specify the red, green, and blue components of the RGB color spectrum.

Copy colorCopies the current color to the clipboard.

PastePastes the color from the clipboard.

This style is used if these conditions applyLets you define conditions under which a certain color style is applied.

File extension is any ofIf this option is activated, the color style is applied to files with the specified extension. Separate extensions with a “;” character.

Name contains any of these keywordsIf this option is activated, the color style is applied to files with certain keywords in their name. Separate keywords with a “;” character.

Sample rate in the rangeIf this option is activated, the color style is applied to files having a sample rate within the specified range.

Bit resolution is in the rangeIf this option is activated, the color style is applied to files having a bit resolution within the specified range.

Number of channels isIf this option is activated, the color style is applied to files having the specified number of channels.

Color Elements in the Audio Files Workspace

You can assign custom colors to various elements of the Audio Files workspace. Depending on the selected element, additional settings can be made for transparency, appearance, or whether a line should be dotted, for example.

In the Audio Files workspace, select Options > Audio file editing preferences, and select the Style tab.


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Left/Right Channel

WaveformThe waveform color.

Waveform (selected)The waveform color of the selected part of the waveform.

Waveform outlineThe outline color of the waveform.

Waveform outline (selected)The outline color of the selected part of the waveform.

Background topThe color of the background top.

Background top (selected)The color of the selected part of the background top.

Background bottomThe color of the background bottom.

Background bottom (selected)The color of the selected part of the background bottom.

Waveform main axisThe color of the waveform main axis and its style.

Waveform 50 % axisThe color of the waveform 50 % axis and its style.

Waveform Elements

Channel separatorThe color of the channel separator line.

Cursor (edit)The color of the edit cursor, its width, and transparency.

Cursor (edit, no focus)The color of the edit cursor for a file that does not have the focus.

Cursor (play)The color of the cursor during playback.

Marker lineThe color of the marker lines and an optional transparency.

CustomizingAbout Customizing Shortcuts

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End of file indicatorThe color of the end of the file indicator.

Time ruler styleThe color of the time ruler and its style.

Time ruler fontThe color of the font on the time ruler and the font size.

Level ruler styleThe color of the level ruler, its style, and transparency.

Level ruler fontThe color of the font on the level ruler and the font size.

About Customizing Shortcuts

In WaveLab LE, you can control many functions via shortcuts to speed up your workflow. You can edit existing shortcuts, and create new shortcuts.

Most shortcuts are restricted to a specific context, so you can reuse the same shortcut combination in different workspaces. The exception is the Master Section where all shortcuts are global to the application. Shortcuts that cannot be edited are grayed out. The shortcuts that you created are displayed in blue in the editor.

You can create a new shortcut by specifying a key sequence of between one to three keys that must be pressed in a certain order to invoke the operation.

Editing Shortcuts

You can see the list of all shortcuts in the Customize commands dialog, and edit and assign shortcuts in the Shortcut Definitions dialog.

NOTE

The Customize commands dialog provides a different command set for each menu or dialog.

• To open the Shortcut Definitions dialog, where you can edit the shortcuts, double-click the shortcut text or its placeholder, or select a command and click Edit shortcut.


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• You can define one key shortcut per command. Each shortcut can be a sequence of up to four keystrokes.

• To reset some or all types of shortcuts to their factory defaults use the Reset button.

Defining Key Sequences

You can define key sequences for a keyboard.

PREREQUISITE

On Mac, commands for the main menus must be of a single key command.

When using multiple key stroke commands, make sure that the key commands do not interfere with each other. For example, when you have one shortcut [Shift]+L, M and define another to be [Shift]+L, the second shortcut has no effect.

PROCEDURE

1. In any workspace, select Options > Customize commands, or select Customize commands when available in tool windows or other places in WaveLab LE.

2. In the customize commands list, select the command for which you want to define a key sequence, and click Edit shortcut, or double-click the Key sequence column of the corresponding command.

3. In the Shortcut Definitions dialog, click in the 1st key stroke field, and press the buttons that you want to use as the key sequence.

4. Optional: Define up to 4 key sequences for the command.

5. Click OK.

RESULT

When you now press the keys/buttons specified in the dialog, the corresponding operation is performed. The key strokes must be executed one after the other.


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Generating a List of All Shortcuts

You can generate an HTML file or print out a list that contains all shortcuts for the active command set.

PREREQUISITE

When you want to print out the list, make sure a printer is connected to your system.

PROCEDURE

1. In any workspace, select Options > Customize commands, or select Customize commands when available in tool windows or other places in WaveLab LE.

2. Click Summary, and select one of the following options:• To open the Print preview dialog, from which you can print out the

list of all shortcuts, select Print preview. For Print preview to be available, a printer must be connected.

• To open the list of all shortcuts in the HTML file format in the standard browser, select HTML report.

Customize Commands Dialog

This dialog allows you to customize your own shortcuts for WaveLab LE. It shows a list of already assigned shortcuts for WaveLab LE commands and menu options.

In any workspace, select Options > Customize commands, or select Customize commands when available in tool windows or other places in WaveLab LE.

Search byAllows you to select the part of the commands list in which the search is performed.

Search fieldAllows you to search for a command.

Use wildcardsIf this option is activated, the wildcard characters “*” and “?” can be used.

“*” substitutes zero or more characters, and “?” substitutes any character.

For example, if Search by keyboard shortcut is selected, type “*” to display all the commands already associated with a shortcut.


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Expand/CollapseExpands/collapses the folder tree.

Commands listShows all commands and their shortcuts for the active command set.

ResetResets the commands to the factory setting.

SummaryOpens a menu from which you can generate a list of all commands and their shortcuts either in HTML or as a print out.

Edit shortcutOpens the Shortcut Definitions dialog where you can edit the shortcuts of the selected command.

Shortcut Definitions Dialog

This dialog allows you to define your own customized shortcuts for a particular function. These custom shortcuts can speed up your workflow in WaveLab LE.

In the Customize commands dialog, select a command, and click Edit shortcut.

Key Sequence

1st key strokeLets you select the first key of an optional sequence of up to 4 keys. Set the focus in the key stroke field, then press the key combination. If nothing is displayed, a key is not allowed in this context.

2nd/3rd/4th key stroke (optional)Lets you select additional keys that have to be triggered to execute the command. The command is only executed if this key event happens after the first one.

ClearErases all key event fields.

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Configuring the Software

You can configure WaveLab LE according to your needs.

About Global Preferences

Global preferences are preferences that apply throughout WaveLab LE. Before starting to work with WaveLab LE, edit these preferences to set up WaveLab LE according to your needs.

Global Preferences Dialog

This dialog allows you to view and change options that are common throughout WaveLab LE.

In any workspace, select Options (WaveLab menu on Mac) > Global preferences.

General Tab

This tab allows you to change the user interface language. You must restart the application for changes to take effect.

Display Tab

This tab allows you change many aspects of the user interface that apply across the whole application. These options provide useful information and usability functions but can be deactivated to streamline the interface.

Miscellaneous optionsMaximum number of items in Recent File menus

Sets the maximum number of files that are listed in menus.

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Show tips when mouse stays over buttonsIf this option is activated, tooltips are displayed when you move the mouse cursor over markers or command bar buttons.

When available, tips have a link to “What is this” informationIf this option is activated, tooltips contain “What is this” information if available.

Hide top level windows when the application is not active. (Windows only)

If this option is activated, all floating windows are automatically hidden when another application becomes active. When deactivated, floating windows remain on top of other application windows.

WorkspacesTab Groups - Show tab if there is a single window

If this option is activated, the tabs are always visible, even if there is only one active file.

Tab Groups - When closing the active tabDetermines the behavior of the program when closing the active tab.

Display active file path in title barDisplays the file path of the active file in the title bar of the workspace.

Display status barIf this option is activated, a status bar is displayed at the bottom of each workspace. The status bar is used to show hints, for example, when moving the mouse in a menu.

Options Tab

This tab allows you to control application-wide start-up options. You can also reset the default message boxes.

Show logo screen on start-upDetermines whether the WaveLab LE logo is displayed during initialization.

Reset default answersResets all message box options to their default settings. For example, the “Do not show again” options are cleared.

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Global Shortcuts Tab

This tab allows you edit key sequences for shortcuts that are available across all workspaces.

Search byAllows you to select the part of the commands list in which the search is performed.

Search fieldAllows you to search for a command.

Use wildcardsIf this option is activated, you can use the wildcard characters “*” and “?” for searching.

“*” substitutes zero or more characters, and “?” substitutes any character.

For example, if Search by keyboard shortcut is selected, type “*” to display all the commands that are already associated with a shortcut.

Expand/CollapseExpands/collapses the folder tree.

Commands listShows all commands and their shortcuts.

ResetResets the commands to their default setting.

SummaryOpens a menu from which you can generate a list of all commands and their shortcuts either in HTML or as a print out.

Edit shortcutOpens the Shortcut Definitions dialog where you can edit the selected shortcut.

RELATED LINKS:“About Customizing Shortcuts” on page 189

Configuring the SoftwareAudio File Editing Preferences Dialog

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Audio File Editing Preferences Dialog

This dialog allows you to define settings for editing in the Audio Files workspace. However, these settings also effect other parts of WaveLab LE. You can choose defaults for editing and playback, adjust the visual appearance of the waveform displays, and determine how WaveLab LE works with audio and peak files.

In the Audio Files workspace, select Options > Audio file editing preferences.

Editing Tab

Open new audio file windows with overviewIf this option is activated and you open an audio file, the overview is also displayed.

Overview: passive range indicator also covering the waveformIf this option is activated, the range indicator that is displayed in the time ruler of the overview also covers the waveform area. Unlike the time ruler indicator, it is passive and cannot be modified.

Auto zoom for overviewsIf this option is activated on opening a file, the zoom of the overview is set to display the whole file.

Display file extension on tabsIf this option is activated, tabs display file names with their extension. For example, “piano.mp3” instead of “piano”.

Number of seconds to display on openingLets you specify how much time to display when opening an audio file for the first time. WaveLab LE converts this time to the appropriate zoom factor.

Whole audio fileIf this option is activated, the horizontal zoom is set to display the whole file.

Select all channels with the mouseIf this option is activated when you select a range with the mouse in a stereo file, both channels are selected. To select the channels individually, press [Shift] while selecting. To switch from one channel selection to the other, press [Tab].

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Process whole file if there is no selectionIf this option is activated and a process is to be applied to an audio file, the whole file is processed if there is not audio selection. In the same situation, if the option is deactivated, a warning appears.

Playback scrubbing - Restrict to Play ToolIf this option is activated, this function only works if the Play Tool is used.

Playback scrubbing - SensitivityLets you set the micro audio loop duration that is performed when you move the mouse cursor over the time ruler.

Snap selection to zero-crossing - Do not snap at high zoom factorsIf this option is activated, snapping does not occur if the waveform is displayed at a high zoom factor.

Snap selection to zero-crossing - Scan rangeLets you define how far WaveLab LE can search a zero-crossing point in the left and right direction.

Style Tab

This tab allows you to specify custom colors to parts of the wave window.

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Plug-in Reference

Steinberg created Virtual Studio Technology (VST) to allow effect plug-ins to be integrated with audio editors, such as WaveLab LE. VST uses Digital Signal Processing (DSP) to closely simulate the effects of familiar recording studio hardware in software.

A vast number of plug-ins are available, from freeware to high-end commercial products.

The order of processing is significant. You can change the order in which effects are processed by moving the effect icons by dragging them between slots. WaveLab LE provides slots for up to ten plug-ins.

Most plug-ins provide a custom GUI, often displaying controls similar to the physical switches and knobs of audio hardware. Other plug-ins rely on the host application for their UI.

Built-in Plug-ins

These plug-ins use a plug-in format of WaveLab LE, and cannot be used with other applications.

• WaveLab LE specific plug-ins can only be used in the Master Section.

• You can specify which plug-ins should be available in the Effects pane of the Master Section by using the Plug-in settings dialog.

• Only certain built-in plug-ins can be used as master effects when a multichannel configuration is used in the audio montage. Note that all channels in the Master Section are affected equally.

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Crystal Resampler

This plug-in is a professional sample rate converter providing exceptional transparency and preservation of the frequency content. It is only available in the Master Section.

NOTE

This plug-in is very CPU consuming, especially in high quality modes.

Sample rate (6-384 kHz)Defines the output sample rate while the input sample rate is determined by the sample rate of the active audio file or audio montage.

Leveler

This plug-in is useful for correcting an imbalance or adjusting levels between stereo channels, or for mixing down to mono.

Volume Left/Volume Right (-48 dB to 12 dB)Governs how much of the signal is included in the left and/or right channel of the output bus.

Stereo Link (OFF or LINKED)When set to LINKED, Volume Right delivers the gain that is set for Volume Left.

Mix to Mono (OFF or ON)When set to ON, a mono mix of the stereo channels is delivered to the output bus.

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Peak Master

This is a basic plug-in that minimizes peaks in your audio file, allowing a louder mix without clipping. It is useful in taming dynamic instruments.

It is primarily used as a brickwall limiter. For example, you can limit audio peaks without altering the rest of the audio signal. In this case, set Input Gain to 0 dB and Out Ceiling to 0 dB, to achieve a clip-free audio signal. When used in this way, Peak Master is an excellent plug-in to succeed a resampler plug-in, and to proceed a dithering plug-in.

Input GainValues range from -12 dB to 24 dB.

Out CeilingThis is the maximum level of the output signal. Values range from -18 dB to 0 dB.

SoftnessThis governs the speed at which the signal becomes unaffected after limiting has been triggered on some samples. Values range from -5 to +5.

Silence

This plug-in provides a simple way of inserting a precise period of silence at the start or at the end of an audio file. Use this plug-in to add silence at the end of a file, so that the tail of a reverb plug-in does not cut immediately at the end of the file.

StartUse the slider to insert from 0 to 60,000 ms of silence at the start of the file.

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EndUse the slider to insert from 0 to 60,000 ms of silence at the end of the file.

Stereo Expander

This plug-in is a stereo width enhancer that makes a stereo signal sound wider. It gives better results from real stereo material, as opposed to mono channels panned to different positions in the stereo image.

Width (0 to 100 %)Higher values result in a greater stereo width. Usually, you set Width to values between 0 % and 20 %. Higher values can be used for special effects.

Steinberg VST 3 Plug-ins

In WaveLab LE there is no limitation to the use of VST plug-ins. They can be used wherever plug-ins can be inserted.

• You can specify which VST plug-ins should be available in the Effects pane of the Master Section by using the Plug-in settings dialog.

• You can exclude VST plug-ins completely from WaveLab LE.

• VST plug-ins have their own preset handling. You can save or load effect programs (presets).


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AutoPan

This plug-in is a simple auto-pan effect. It can use different waveforms to modulate the left-right stereo position (pan), using manual modulation speed settings.

RateSets the auto-pan speed from 0.1 to 10, by rotating the knob by dragging, or using the mouse wheel.

WidthSets the depth of the auto-pan effect, that is, how far out to the left/right speaker the sound should move, from 0 % to 100 %.

Waveform Shape selectorAllows you to select the modulation waveform. Sine produces a smooth sweep. Triangle creates a ramp, that is, a sweep from one speaker to the other and then a quick jump back.

Chorus

This plug-in is a single stage chorus effect. It works by doubling whatever is sent into it with a slightly detuned version.

RateThe sweep rate can be set with the Rate knob, without sync to tempo.

WidthDetermines the depth of the chorus effect. Higher settings produce a more pronounced effect.


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SpatialSets the stereo width of the effect. Turn clockwise for a wider stereo effect.

MixSets the level balance between the dry signal and the wet signal. If Chorus is used as a send effect, this should be set to the maximum value as you can control the dry/effect balance with the send.

Waveform Shape selectorAllows you to select the modulation waveform, altering the character of the chorus sweep. A sine and triangle waveform are available.

DelayAffects the frequency range of the modulation sweep by adjusting the initial delay time.

Filter Lo/HiAllow you to roll off low and high frequencies of the effect signal.

Compressor

This plug-in reduces the dynamic range of the audio, making softer sounds louder or louder sounds softer, or both.

Compressor features separate controls for threshold, ratio, attack, hold, release, and make-up gain parameters. It also features a separate display that graphically illustrates the compressor curve shaped according to the Threshold and Ratio parameter settings. A Gain Reduction meter shows the amount of gain reduction in dB, Soft knee/Hard knee compression modes, and a program-dependent auto feature for the Release parameter.

Threshold (-60 to 0 dB)Determines the level where Compressor kicks in. Signal levels above the set threshold are affected, but signal levels below are not processed.


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Ratio (1:1 to 8:1)Sets the amount of gain reduction applied to signals over the set threshold. A ratio of 3:1 means that for every 3 dB the input level increases, the output level increases by only 1 dB.

Soft Knee buttonIf this button is off, signals above the threshold are compressed instantly according to the set ratio (hard knee). When Soft Knee is activated, the onset of compression is more gradual, producing a less drastic result.

Make-up (0 to 24 dB or Auto mode)Compensates for output gain loss, caused by compression. If the Auto button is activated, the knob becomes dark and the output is automatically adjusted for gain loss.

Attack (0.1 to 100 ms)Determines how fast Compressor responds to signals above the set threshold. If the attack time is long, more of the early part of the signal (attack) passes through unprocessed.

Hold (0 to 5000 ms)Sets the time the applied compression affects the signal after exceeding the threshold. Short hold times are useful for DJ-style ducking, while longer hold times are required for music ducking, for example, when working on a documentary film.

Release (10 to 1000 ms or Auto mode)Sets the time after which the gain returns to the original level when the signal drops below the threshold. If the Auto button is activated, Compressor automatically finds an optimal release setting that varies depending on the audio material.

Analysis (0 to 100) (Pure Peak to Pure RMS)Determines whether the input signal is analyzed according to peak or RMS values or a mixture of both. A value of 0 is pure peak and 100 pure RMS. RMS mode operates using the average power of the audio signal as a basis, whereas Peak mode operates more on peak levels. As a general guideline, RMS mode works better on material with few transients such as vocals, and Peak mode works better for percussive material with a lot of transient peaks.

Live buttonWhen this button is activated, the look-ahead feature of Compressor is disengaged. Look ahead produces more accurate processing, but adds a certain amount of latency as a trade-off. When Live mode is activated, there is no latency, which might be better for live processing.


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Steinberg Gate

Gating, or noise gating, silences audio signals below a set threshold. As soon as the signal level exceeds the set threshold, the gate opens to let the signal through.

Threshold (-60 to 0 dB)Determines the level where Gate is activated. Signal levels above the set threshold trigger the gate to open, and signal levels below the set threshold close the gate.

State LEDIndicates whether the gate is open (LED lights up in green), closed (LED lights up in red) or something in between (LED lights up in yellow).

Filter buttons (LP, BP, and HP)When the Side-Chain button is activated, you can use these buttons to set the filter type to either low-pass, band-pass, or high-pass.

Side-Chain button(Below the Center knob.) Activates the side-chain filter. The input signal can then be shaped according to set filter parameters. Internal side-chaining can be useful for tailoring how the Gate operates.

Center (50 to 20000 Hz)When the Side-Chain button is activated, this sets the center frequency of the filter.

Q-Factor (0.01 to 10000)When the Side-Chain button is activated, this sets the resonance of the filter.

Monitor buttonAllows you to monitor the filtered signal.


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Attack (0.1 to 1000 ms)Sets the time after which the gate opens after being triggered. Deactivate the Live button to make sure that the gate is already open when a signal above the threshold is played back. Gate manages this by looking ahead in the audio material, checking for signals loud enough to pass the gate.

Hold (0 to 2000 ms)Determines how long the gate stays open after the signal drops below the threshold.

Release (10 to 1000 ms or Auto mode)Sets the time after which the gate closes (after the set hold time). If the Auto button is activated, Gate will find an optimal release setting, depending on the audio material.

Analysis (0 to 100) (Pure Peak to Pure RMS)Determines whether the input signal is analyzed according to peak or RMS values, or a mixture of both. A value of 0 is pure Peak and 100 pure RMS. RMS mode operates using the average power of the audio signal as a basis, whereas Peak mode operates more on peak levels. As a general guideline, RMS mode works better on material with few transients such as vocals, and Peak mode better for percussive material, with a lot of transient peaks.

Live buttonWhen this button is activated, the look-ahead feature of Gate is disengaged. Look ahead produces more accurate processing, but adds a certain amount of latency as a trade-off. When Live mode is activated, there is no latency, which is better for live processing.


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Limiter

This plug-in is designed to ensure that the output level never exceeds a set output level, to avoid clipping in following devices.

Limiter can adjust and optimize the Release parameter automatically according to the audio material, or it can be set manually. Limiter also features separate meters for the input, output and the amount of limiting (middle meters).

Input (-24 to 24 dB)Adjusts the input gain.

Output (-24 to 6 dB)Determines the maximum output level.

Release (0.1 to 1000 ms or Auto mode)Sets the amount of time it takes for the gain to return to its original level. If the Auto button is activated, Limiter automatically finds an optimal release setting that varies depending on the audio material.

RoomWorks SE

RoomWorks SE is a lite version of the RoomWorks plug-in. This plug-in delivers high quality reverberation, but has fewer parameters and is less CPU demanding than the full version.

Pre-DelayControls how much time passes before the reverb is applied. This allows you to simulate larger spaces by increasing the time it takes for first reflections to reach the listener.


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Reverb TimeAllows you to set the reverb time in seconds.

DiffusionAffects the character of the reverb tail. Higher values lead to more diffusion and a smoother sound, while lower values lead to a clearer sound.

Hi LevelAffects the decay time of high frequencies. Normal room reverb decays quicker in the high- and low-frequency range than in the mid-range. Lowering the level percentage causes high frequencies to decay quicker. Values above 100 % cause high frequencies to decay more slowly than the mid-range frequencies.

Lo LevelAffects the decay time of low frequencies. Normal room reverb decays quicker in the high- and low-frequency range than in the mid-range. Lowering the level percentage causes low frequencies to decay quicker. Values above 100 % cause low frequencies to decay more slowly than the mid-range frequencies.

MixDetermines the blend of dry (unprocessed) signal to wet (processed) signal. When using RoomWorks SE inserted in an FX channel, you most likely want to set this to 100 % or use the wet only button.

StereoDelay

StereoDelay has two independent delay lines with freely specified delay time settings.

Delay 1 & 2This is where you specify the base note value for the delay time in milliseconds.

Feedback 1 & 2Set the number of repeats for each delay.


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Filter Lo 1 & 2Affect the feedback loop of the effect signal and allow you to roll off low frequencies up to 800 Hz. The buttons below the knobs activate/deactivate the filter.

Filter Hi 1 & 2Affect the feedback loop and allow you to roll off high frequencies from 20 kHz down to 1.2 kHz. The buttons below the knobs activate/deactivate the filter.

Pan 1 & 2Set the stereo position for each delay.

Mix 1 & 2Set the level balance between the dry signal and the wet signal. If StereoDelay is used as a send effect, set these controls to the maximum value (100 %) as you can control the dry/effect balance with the send.

StereoEnhancer

This plug-in expands the stereo width of (stereo) audio material. It cannot be used with mono files.

WidthControls the width or depth of the stereo enhancement. Turn clockwise to increase the enhancement.

DelayIncreases the amount of differences between left and right channels to further increase the stereo effect.

ColorGenerates additional differences between the channels to increase the stereo enhancement.

Mono buttonSwitches the output to mono, to check for possible unwanted coloring of the sound which sometimes can occur when enhancing the stereo image.


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StudioEQ

Studio EQ is a high-quality 4-band parametric stereo equalizer with two fully parametric mid-range bands. The low and high bands can act as either shelving filters (three types), or as a Peak (band-pass), or Cut (low-pass/high-pass) filter.

Band 1 Gain (-20 to +24 dB)Sets the amount of attenuation/boost for the low band.

Band 1 Inv buttonInverts the gain value of the filter. Use this button to filter out unwanted noise. While looking for the frequency to omit, it sometimes helps to boost it in the first place (set the filter to positive gain). After you have found it, you can use the Inv button to cancel it out.

Band 1 Freq (20 to 2000 Hz)Sets the frequency of the low band.

Band 1 Q-Factor (0.5 to 10)Controls the width or resonance of the low band.

Band 1 Filter modeFor the low band, you can select between three types of shelving filters, a Peak (band-pass), and a Cut (lowpass/high-pass) filter. When Cut mode is selected, the Gain parameter is fixed.

• Shelf I adds resonance in the opposite gain direction slightly above the set frequency.

• Shelf II adds resonance in the gain direction at the set frequency.

• Shelf III is a combination of Shelf I and II.


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Band 2 Gain (-20 to +24 dB)Sets the amount of attenuation/boost for the mid 1 band.

Band 2 Inv buttonInverts the gain value of the filter. See also the description of the Invert button for Band 1.

Band 2 Freq (20 to 20000 Hz)Sets the center frequency of the mid 1 band.

Band 2 Q-Factor (0.5 to 10)Sets the width of the mid 1 band: the higher this value, the narrower the bandwidth.

Band 3 Gain (-20 to +24 dB)Sets the amount of attenuation/boost for the mid 2 band.


Band 3 Freq (20 to 20000 Hz)Sets the center frequency of the mid 2 band.

Band 3 Q-Factor (0.5 to 10)Sets the width of the mid 2 band: the higher this value, the narrower the bandwidth.


Band 4 Gain (-20 to +24 dB)Sets the amount of attenuation/boost for the high band.

Band 4 Freq (200 to 20000 Hz)Sets the frequency of the high band.

Band 4 Q-Factor (0.5 to 10)Controls the width or resonance of the high band.

Band 4 Filter modeFor the high band, you can select between three types of shelving filters, a Peak, and a Cut filter. When Cut mode is selected, the Gain parameter is fixed.

• Shelf I adds resonance in the opposite gain direction slightly below the set frequency.

• Shelf II adds resonance in the gain direction at the set frequency.

• Shelf III is a combination of Shelf I and II.


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Output (-24 to +24 dB)This knob on the top right of the plug-in panel allows you to adjust the overall output level.

Auto Gain buttonWhen this button is activated, the gain is automatically adjusted, keeping the output level constant regardless of the EQ settings.

Spectrum buttonShows the spectrum before and after filtering.

Reset buttonResets the EQ settings.

Using Modifier Keys

When using the mouse to change the parameter settings, modifier keys can be used. When no modifier key is pressed and you drag an EQ point in the display, the Gain and Frequency parameters are adjusted simultaneously.

[Shift]When you keep the [Shift] key pressed and drag the mouse the Q-factor of the corresponding EQ band is changed.

[Alt]/[Option]When you keep the [Alt]/[Option] key pressed and drag the mouse the frequency of the corresponding EQ band is changed.

[Ctrl]/[Command]When you keep the [Ctrl]/[Command] key pressed and drag the mouse the gain value of the corresponding EQ band is changed.

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Index

AAIFF 81Audio File Format 81, 83Audio Files 81Audio Montage 63, 109, 110, 112Audio selection 22, 86, 90

BBackup 55

CCC121 13, 14CD import 169Clipping 149Clips 76, 109, 117, 118, 120, 122Colors 54, 180, 182, 186Command Bars 30, 66, 68Compare 51Compressor 203Context menu 33Convert 91, 108Crossfades 105, 106, 132, 135Cue-point 128Customizing 49, 180, 189, 191,

192

DDC Offset 107Dock 31, 67Drag-and-drop 39

EEffects 145, 148Envelope 129, 130Equalizer 210

FFades 104, 105, 132File browser 28FLAC 81Focused clip 120, 123FTP 176, 177Full screen view 64

HHelp 5

IImport 114, 169

KKey commands 7, 189, 190

LLatency 9Limiter 207Loop 71, 168

MMagnetic bounds 78, 121Marker 139, 157Master Section 143Meter 142MIDI 13, 189Monitor 155Montage window 110, 180MP2 81MP3 81MPEG 81

NNormalize 102

OOgg 81, 87

PPan 129Peak 29, 200Picture 52Playback 68, 70, 74, 76Plug-ins 147, 148, 198, 201Podcast 64, 172, 173, 176Preferences 193, 196Presets 49

RRecently used files 53Recording 138Redo 41Remote Devices 13, 14Renaming 56, 166Rendering 137, 151Resample 108Resampler 199RF64 81Ruler 34

SSample rate 108, 199

Shortcuts 189Silence 99, 100, 200Snapping 78, 79, 121Switcher 21

TTabs 48, 54Tool windows 65Tracks 116Transport bar 68True Peaks 102

UUndo 41

VValue editing 38VST 201VST Audio Connections 8, 9, 11

WWave window 180WMA 81, 88Workspace 62, 63, 64, 173

ZZoom 41, 46

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