Wave Physics PHYS2023

Wave PhysicsPHYS 2023

Tim Freegarde12Wave propagation in changing mediaHuygens constructiongradual change:refractionrefraction; continuity conditionsobstacles:1-D: boundary conditions2/3-D: diffractiontodays lecture:interface between media:233Youngs double slit diffractionx

3344Youngs double slit diffractionx

amplitudeintensity

4455Youngs double slit diffractionx

amplitudeintensity

5566Single slit diffractionx

amplitudeintensity

6677Diffraction grating

x

m=0m=1m=2m=-1m=-27788Diffraction grating

x

place secondary sources along wavefront...and trigger when wavefront arrivesapply to sinusoidal waves by taking into account the phase with which components arrivecombine by adding the amplitudescontributions may therefore interfere constructively or destructivelyINTERFERENCE889Diffraction gratingsnewport.com

diffracted angle

910Grating spectrometer

scope.pari.edu1011Diffraction gratingsnewport.com

diffracted angle

incident angle

1112Phased-array loudspeakersCroke Park, Dublin

duran-audio.com AXYS

incident angle

phase angle

1213Phased-array radar

Fylingdales, Yorkshire2560 transducers, 25m diameter, 420-450 MHz

phase angle

1314Towed array sonartypically 100 hydrophones over 300m

1500 m.s-1 seawater; 1435 m.s-1 freshwaterwww.surtass-lfa-eis.com

phase angle

1415Spatial light modulators1920 x 1200 pixels, LCD technology8.1 m pitch

www.holoeye.com15

16Spatial light modulators1920 x 1200 pixels, LCD technology8.1 m pitchwww.holoeye.com

laser tweezing of 2 m glass spheres in fluidcomputer-controlled hologramwww.physics.gla.ac.uk/opticsprojected and viewed through microscope16Wave PhysicsPHYS 2023

Tim Freegarde1718

Wave PhysicsWAVE EQUATIONS & SINUSOIDAL SOLUTIONSwave equations, derivations and solution

sinusoidal wave motions

complex wave functions

WAVE PROPAGATIONHuygens model of wave propagation

interference

general wave phenomena

Fraunhofer diffraction

longitudinal waves

BEHAVIOUR AT INTERFACEScontinuity conditionsboundary conditions

SUPERPOSITIONSlinearity and superpositions

Fourier series and transforms

FURTHER TOPICSwaves from moving sources

operators for waves and oscillations

waves in three dimensions

http://www.avcanada.ca/albums/displayimage.php?album=topn&cat=3&pos=7further phenomena and implications

1819Wave propagation in changing mediaHuygens constructiongradual change:refractionrefraction; continuity conditionsobstacles:1-D: boundary conditions2/3-D: diffractioninterface between media:place secondary sources along wavefront...and trigger when wavefront arrivesapply to sinusoidal waves by taking into account the phase with which components arrivecombine by adding the amplitudescontributions may therefore interfere constructively or destructivelyINTERFERENCE192020Diffraction grating

x

interference by division of wavefront202021Michelson interferometerinterference by division of amplitudebeamsplitterdetectorsourcex2122Michelson interferometerinterference by division of amplitudebeamsplitterdetectorsourcexx

sodium doubletoptique-ingenieur.orgchemistry.oregonstate.eduFTIR: Fourier transform infrared222323BeatingTWO DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES

23232424Newtons rings

diffuserbeam-splitterlensplate

apply to sinusoidal waves by taking into account the phase with which components arrivecombine by adding the amplitudescontributions may therefore interfere constructively or destructively

www.sciencebuddies.org2424