wave optics. wave optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a)...

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Wave Optics

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Page 1: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Wave OpticsWave Optics

Page 2: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Wave Optics

wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays

Wave Optics

wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays

(a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave(c) dipole wave, (d) dipole wave @ larger distance

Page 3: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Wave Opticsbasic phenomena: reflection, refraction

Wave Opticsbasic phenomena: reflection, refraction

Page 4: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Wave Opticspolarization

Wave Opticspolarization

circular linear

eliptic linear from circular eliptic from circular

linear y linear x unpolarized circular

Stokes Parameters

projection

reflection

refraction

Page 5: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Gaussian Beams

basic relations

Gaussian Beams

basic relations

#0

0

0

0

0

22

20

2#

4200

#2

0

2

20

)arctan()(

)(1)(

)(1)(

FW

z

zz

zz

zz

FWz

FW

z

zzR

WzW

eezi

zRikikz

zWzW

WArU)(

)(2)()(0

2

2

2

0)(

Solution to the wave equation:in Fresnel approximation

Page 6: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Gaussian Beams

wave fronts near the focus

Gaussian Beams

wave fronts near the focus

Radius of curvature

Wave fronts:/2 phase shift relative to spherical wave

Page 7: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Gaussian Beamstransmission through optical components:

basics

Gaussian Beamstransmission through optical components:

basics

22 )()1(

11

0

fz

fz

fz

f

z

Basic relations:

0

0

001

izzq

DCq

BAqqq

T

Matrix optics for Gaussian beams

Page 8: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Gaussian Beamstransmission through optical components:

examples

Gaussian Beamstransmission through optical components:

examples

Ray optics limit:(z-f)>>z0

fzf

r

fzz

MM

MWW

111

00

)(1

)(1

2

2

00

0

0

zf

fz

fz

WW

Beam focusing:lens at waist

00 0

fz

WW zf

For

z0 >>f

Example:beam expander

Page 9: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Gaussian Beamshigher order beams

Gaussian Beamshigher order beams

Hermite-Gaussian Bessel Beams

Page 10: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Wave Opticsdiffraction, interferenceWave Opticsdiffraction, interference

Page 11: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Diffractioncircular aperture

Diffractioncircular aperture

Page 12: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Fresnel DiffractionFresnel Diffraction

Fresnel lensEdge diffraction

Page 13: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Babinet‘s Principle

application of the superposition principle

non diffracted field=diffracted field + complementary field

Babinet‘s Principle

application of the superposition principle

non diffracted field=diffracted field + complementary field

Circular stop Circular aperture

Page 14: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Wave Opticsinterferomteres

Wave Opticsinterferomteres

Multi path IFM

Page 15: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Fourier OpticsFourier Optics

Page 16: Wave Optics. Wave Optics wave fronts (surfaces of constant action) are orthogonal to rays (a) spherical wave, (b) plane wave (c) dipole wave, (d) dipole

Wave Opticsmultiple beam interference

Wave Opticsmultiple beam interference