wave 1.3 - student copy

7/25/2019 Wave 1.3 - Student Copy

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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4


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FORM 5 COPYRIGHT BY SUPER EDUCATION GROUP (J

CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

PREPARED BY JJ MRLEON Pa! 1 COPYRIGHT BY SUPER EDUCATION GROUP (JOHOR JAYA)


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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS

1.3 Scalar and Vector Quantt!

1 Scalar quantities are

Examples :

2 Vector quantities are...

Examples :

3 Study the following description of eents carefully and then decide which eents require magnitude!

direction or "oth to specify them.

#escription of eents $agnitude #irection

1. %he temperature in the room is 2& '(

2. %he location of )yer *itam is +' ,m to the north-

west of ohor /ahru

3. %he power of the electric "ul" is 0'

. ) car is traelling at 0' ,m h-1from ohor /ahru

to uala 4umpur

E"a#$le: D%tance &% D%$lace#ent

PREPARED BY JJ MRLEON Pa! " COPYRIGHT BY SUPER EDUCATION GROUP (JOHOR JAYA)

M!#$a%a'

E'A(P)ESScalar Vector

D%tance D%$lace#ent

S$eed Veloct!

(a%% *e+,t

Ener+! (o#entu#

Te#$erature Pre%%ure

T#e I#$ul%e

Electrc Current Acceleraton

Po-er orce

Den%t!


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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

5au6iah traelled from uala 4umpur to angar! a

distance of &'7 ,m. )fter that she continued her 8ourney

to /utterworth! a distance of 130 ,m. 5rom /utterworth!

5au6iah then traelled "ac, to uala 4umpur! a distance

of 3+9 ,m.

D%tance % t,e TOTA) DISTANCE TRAVE))ED

/Y THE O/0ECT.

%herefore! distance &'7 ; 130 ; 1+9 1 12#

D%$lace#ent % t,e DIRECT DISTANCE

/ET*EEN THE STARTIN4 AND ENDIN4

POINT.

/ecause 5au6iah


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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

exercise 1.2



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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

exercise 1.3



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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

1. UNDERSTANDIN4 (EASURE(ENTS

Ruler

) metre rule has sensitiity or accuracy accuracy of 1mm.

>recaution to "e ta,en when using ruler

1. $a,e sure that the o"8ect is in contact with the ruler.

2. )oid parallax error.

3. )oid 6ero error and end error.

T,er#o#eter

%here are 2 types of mercury thermometer

PREPARED BY JJ MRLEON Pa! * COPYRIGHT BY SUPER EDUCATION GROUP (JOHOR JAYA)


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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

1. %hermometers of ran+e 51oC 5 11oCwithaccurac! 1oC.

2. %hermometers of ran+e oC 5 36oCwithaccurac! 7oC.

>recaution to "e ta,en when using thermometer

1. $a,e sure that the temperature measured does not exceed the

measuring range.

2. hen measuring temperature of liquid

immerse the "ul" fully in the liquid

stir the liquid so that the temperature in the liquid is uniform

do not stir the liquid igorously to aoid "rea,ing the thermometer

%to$-atc,

%here are 2 types of stopwatches

1. analogue stopwatches of sensitiity '.1s or '.2s

2. digital stopwatches of sensitiity '.'1s.

%he sensitiity of a stopwatch depends on the reaction time of the user.

Vernier (allipers

) Vernier calliper can measure to the nearest '.1 mm or '.'1 cm.

%he inner 8aws is used to measure inner diameter of the o"8ect.

%he outer 8aws is used to measure outer diameter of the o"8ect.

%he tail is used to measure depth.

PREPARED BY JJ MRLEON Pa! + COPYRIGHT BY SUPER EDUCATION GROUP (JOHOR JAYA)


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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

?eading of main scale 2.2cm

?eading of ernier scale '.'7cm

?eading of the ernier caliper 2.27cm

a.

@ero error '.'2 cm

".

@ero error -'.'+cm

c.

@ero error ' cm ABo 6ero errorC

E"a#$le:

Dmages "elow show the reading of 3 Vernier callipers when their 8aws are tightly closed. 5ind the 6ero error ofeach callipers.

E"erc%e: Verner Call$er%

1. rite down the readings shown "y the following

PREPARED BY JJ MRLEON Pa! , COPYRIGHT BY SUPER EDUCATION GROUP (JOHOR JAYA)


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5 1

* +

5 1

1

5 1

1

CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

AaC

A"C

AcC

AdC

". (a) T$! /''/0&% &aa2 $/0 $! #a'! / a !%&! #a''&6! 0$!% $! 7a0 a!

#'/!.

8!/ !/ 9 :; 0.02::: #2

(


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5 1

5 *

5 1

4 5 * #2 1 "1

5 1

CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

4 6&!#! / #a3. D&aa2 3 (a) $/0 $! !a&% /% a 6a& / !%&! #a''&6! 0$!% & 7a0 a!

#'/!

0&$ %/$&% &%

measure the thic,ness of a piece of wood.

hat is the actual thic,ness of the wood

@ero error .. cm

?eading shown ..cm

)ctual thic,ness of the wood .cm


R!a&% $/0% 9 :::.#2

C/!#! !a&% 9 :#2

(a)

(b)


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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

(cro#eter Scre- 4au+e

?atchet exerts correct amount of pressure on the o"8ect to "e measured.

Ho- to tae readn+ 8ro# #cro#eter %cre- +au+e9

PREPARED BY JJ MRLEON Pa! 1" COPYRIGHT BY SUPER EDUCATION GROUP (JOHOR JAYA)


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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4



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5

5

5

3

5 135

5

5

CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

E"erc%e: (cro#eter Scre- 4au+e

1. AaC #etermine the readings of the following micrometer screw gauges.

@ero error .. mm @ero error .. mm

A"C #etermine the readings of the following micrometer screw gauges.

2. rite down the readings shown "y the following micrometer screw gauges.

AaC A"C

)nswer: )nswer: ..

AcC AdC

)nswer: )nswer:

Prec%on Accurac! and Sen%t&t!


45

"

15

R!a&% $/0% 9 :::..22

C/!#! !a&% 9 22

8!/ !/ 9 :::22

4

35

"

"

15

"5


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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

Prec%on AconsistencyC Accurac! Sen%t&t!

The ability of an instrument

to measure consistently with

little or no relative deviation

among readings

The ability of an instrument

to measure nearest to the

actual value

The ability of an

instrument to detect a

small change in the

quantity measured.

%o increase precision:

- use a magnifying glass

when reading the scale

- aoid parallax errors

- using the instrument which

is not defectie

%o increase accuracy:

- use more sensitie

equipment

- repeat readings ta,en

- aoid parallax errors

- aoid 6ero errors or endedge errors

%o increase sensitiity of a

mercury thermometer:

- thinner wall of "ul"

- narrower capillary tu"e

- smaller "ul" si6e

- thic,er wall of glass tu"e

Finstrument with smaller

scale diision is more

sensitie

2.

..

..

Error%



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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

S!%te#atc Error% Rando# Error%

Systematic errors are errors that can

consistently affect readings.

Dt cannot be reduced"y ta,ing the aerage

of multiple readings.

?andom errors happen when one reading

deiates from the others.

Dt can be reduced"y ta,ing the aerage

from multiple readings.

Systematic errors are usually caused "y

errors within the measuring instrument.

5or example:

@ero errors

End error

Dncorrect scale cali"ration

Examples:

>arallax errors

Gnaoida"le small changes in the

surrounding

Hutside distur"ances that cannot

"e ta,en into account

4ac, of sensitiity of the

measuring instruments *uman errors! e.g: (ounted wrong num"er of oscillations

?eadings with inconsistent time interals

Volume of liquid was measured after

some was un,nowingly and

unintentionally spilt

ay to reduce :

1recali"rate the instrument

2ta,e into account the 6ero error

Gnpredicta"le.

Dn an experiment! the readings of measurement ta,en may hae slightly difference due

to some #%tae%. %he difference in the readings is called as error.

%hese errors can "e caused "y the change of enironment! human factors or the deficiency of measuring

instrument.

Error that is caused "y enironment and human usually is Acon%tant ; c,an+ea


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1 " 3 4 5 * + , = 1

1 #2 1 #2

1 " 3 4 5 * + , = 1

CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

Parallax error:____________________________________________________________

*ow to aoid parallax error

aC position of eye must "e in line=perpendicular with the scale of reading to "e ta,en to aoid parallax error

"C when ta,ing a reading from ammeter or oltmeter! we must sure that the eye are exactly in front of the

pointer so the image of the pointer in the mirror is "ehind the pointer

Zero error :________________________________________________________________

P/&

P/&&! @!/ !/ N!a&! @!/

!/

PREPARED BY JJ MRLEON Pa! 1+ COPYRIGHT BY SUPER EDUCATION GROUP (JOHOR JAYA)

Zero error of Vernier

Zero error =Zero error =


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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

PREPARED BY JJ MRLEON Pa! 1, COPYRIGHT BY SUPER EDUCATION GROUP (JOHOR JAYA)


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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

PREPARED BY JJ MRLEON Pa! 1= COPYRIGHT BY SUPER EDUCATION GROUP (JOHOR JAYA)


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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

PREPARED BY JJ MRLEON Pa! " COPYRIGHT BY SUPER EDUCATION GROUP (JOHOR JAYA)


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CHAPTER 1.3 - 1. 4

PREPARED BY JJ MRLEON Pa! "1

wave 1.3 - student copy

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