water’s effects on shaping the earth’s surface
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Water’s Effects on Shaping the Earth’s Surface. 10.4. Weathering. The process of breaking down rock into smaller fragments Two main types: Physical Weathering: physical means such as being scratched by other rocks, not changing it’s composition - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Water’s Effects on Shaping the Earth’s Surface
10.4
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Weathering
• The process of breaking down rock into smaller fragments
• Two main types:– Physical Weathering: physical means such as being
scratched by other rocks, not changing it’s composition
– Chemical Weathering: a chemical reaction causing the rocks to decompose or break down
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Physical weathering
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Chemical Weathering
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Biological Weathering
• If physical weathering has occurred by an animal or plant: Biological weathering
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Deposition
• Rocks and sediments are carried away eventually are DEPOSITED somewhere else
Examples: Sand dunes and Deltas
Note: deposition is also a term for a change of state from Gas to Solid
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Caves, Sink holes and Karst• Carbon dioxide is released
from respiration• When rain water mixes
with Carbon dioxide or from carbon in organic material -> the water becomes slightly acidic
• Acidic rain water mixes with calcium carbonate in the ground which creates caves, sinkholes or karst
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Karst
• An area with many sink holes
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Erosion by water and ice
• Moving water– Fast moving rivers– Outside banks along the
rivers– Ocean bluffs by wave
action
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Landslides
• Erosion by gravity
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Check
• Give two examples of physical weathering– Ice or Frost Wedging and Erosion
• What forms when carbon dioxide mixes with water vapour?– Carbonic Acid (Acid rain)
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Karst
• An area with many sinkholes.
• A sinkhole is an area where rock has been broken down by acidic ground water and it is close to the surface. Eventually over thousands of years, the ground above collapse.
• Vancouver Island and the Rocky Mountains have many Karsts– Carbonate rock that reacts with any acid in the ground
water.
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Feature Carved by Glacier
Description
Arete Narrow ridge (high ground) between two cirques
Cirque Bowl-shaped valley at the head of a glacier
Fiord A narrow inlet of ocean between steep cliffs carved by glaciers
Hanging Valley U-shaped valley cut off by a bigger valley created by a larger glacier
Horn Pyramid-shaped peak located between three cirques
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Deposited by water and iceFeature deposited by a Glacier
Description
Erratic Large boulder deposited on the ground by a glacier
Esker Winding ridge of material deposited by a stream running under a glacier
Moraine Ridge of rocky material deposited by a glacier. Moraines can be found at the sides and farthest advance of a glacier
Outwash Material deposited by water from melting glacier
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