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Page 1: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

Water, Water, Everywhere!Water, Water, Everywhere!

Page 2: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

Abundance of WaterAbundance of Water

• ““Water covers around 70 per Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earth’s surface. cent of the Earth’s surface. This is why Earth looks blue This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why it is from space, and why it is often called the Blue Planet. often called the Blue Planet. Water is liquid in the oceans Water is liquid in the oceans and forms solid ice caps at and forms solid ice caps at the ice caps. Water vapour is the ice caps. Water vapour is a gas in air. Humid places, a gas in air. Humid places, such as rainforests, have a such as rainforests, have a lot of water vapour.”lot of water vapour.”

http://www.factmonster.com/dk/http://www.factmonster.com/dk/science/encyclopedia/science/encyclopedia/water.htmlwater.html

Page 3: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

Abundance of Potable (Drinkable) Abundance of Potable (Drinkable) WaterWater

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

Page 5: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

AgricultureAgriculture

• ““The most important use The most important use of water in of water in agricultureagriculture is is for for irrigationirrigation, which is a , which is a key component to produce key component to produce enough food. Irrigation enough food. Irrigation takes up to 90% of water takes up to 90% of water withdrawn in some withdrawn in some developing countries and developing countries and significant proportions in significant proportions in more economically more economically developed countries developed countries (United States, 30% of (United States, 30% of freshwater usage is for freshwater usage is for irrigation).”irrigation).”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

Page 6: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

Drinking WaterDrinking Water

• ““The human The human bodybody is is anywhere from 55% to anywhere from 55% to 78% water depending 78% water depending on body size. To on body size. To function properly, the function properly, the body requires between body requires between one and seven liters of one and seven liters of water per water per dayday to avoid to avoid dehydrationdehydration; the ; the precise amount precise amount depends on the level of depends on the level of activity, temperature, activity, temperature, humidity, and other humidity, and other factors.” factors.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

Page 7: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

RecreationRecreation

• ““Humans use water Humans use water for many for many recreational recreational purposes, as well as purposes, as well as for exercising and for exercising and for sports. Some of for sports. Some of these include these include swimmingswimming, , waterskiingwaterskiing, , boatingboating, , surfingsurfing and and divingdiving.” .” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water

Page 8: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

• ““Believe it or not, the average water usage Believe it or not, the average water usage per person per day is 200 gallons.per person per day is 200 gallons.

• Here's how...Here's how...• Showering wet down, soap up, rinse off = 4 gallons Showering wet down, soap up, rinse off = 4 gallons • Brushing teeth wet brush, rinse briefly, = ½ gallon Brushing teeth wet brush, rinse briefly, = ½ gallon • Shaving, fill sink basin = 1 gallon Washing hands fill sink basin = 1 gallon Shaving, fill sink basin = 1 gallon Washing hands fill sink basin = 1 gallon • Tub bath minimal water level = 10 to 12 gallons Tub bath minimal water level = 10 to 12 gallons • Flushing toilet using a smaller tank = 4 to 6 gallons Flushing toilet using a smaller tank = 4 to 6 gallons • Dishwashing washing and rinsing in the sink = 5 gallons Dishwashing washing and rinsing in the sink = 5 gallons • Automatic dishwasher short cycle = 7 gallons Automatic dishwasher short cycle = 7 gallons • Washing machine short cycle with minimal water level = 27 gallons Washing machine short cycle with minimal water level = 27 gallons • Outdoor watering average hose = 10 gallons per minute Outdoor watering average hose = 10 gallons per minute • Leaks - even a small drip can add up to 25 gallons per day Leaks - even a small drip can add up to 25 gallons per day

• Remember, water is not cheap or limitless. Please use this Remember, water is not cheap or limitless. Please use this natural resource wisely and save on your water bill.”natural resource wisely and save on your water bill.”

Source: http://www.elmwoodpark.org/water/Facts.htmSource: http://www.elmwoodpark.org/water/Facts.htm

Page 9: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

What is your water usage?What is your water usage?

• Go to Go to http://www.tampagov.net/dept_water/information_resources/Saving_water/Water_use_calchttp://www.tampagov.net/dept_water/information_resources/Saving_water/Water_use_calculator.aspulator.asp

or find this site using or find this site using www.google.comwww.google.com, search water usage calculator., search water usage calculator.

• Take the water usage survey.Take the water usage survey.

Page 10: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

How can you conserve How can you conserve water?water?

• Go to the Information Resources Go to the Information Resources section on the left part of the water section on the left part of the water usage survey page.usage survey page.

• Click on “Saving Water”Click on “Saving Water”

• Click on “110 Ways to Save Water”Click on “110 Ways to Save Water”

Page 11: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

Critical Thinking:Critical Thinking:

• Choose 3 ways you can conserve Choose 3 ways you can conserve water.water.

• Will you actually make these Will you actually make these changes? Why or why not?changes? Why or why not?

Page 13: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

HistoryHistory

• “Precious metal mining began in the Lefthand Watershed in the mid 1800’s; according to local historians, … The Argo Mine, along with hundreds of other hardrock mines in the watershed, was historically mined for Fluorspar until the mid-1920’s.”

http://www.bouldercounty.org/rfp/2007/Argo_CRP.pdf

Page 14: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

• ““FluoriteFluorite (also (also called called fluorsparfluorspar) ) is a is a halide mineralhalide mineral composed of composed of calcium fluoride, calcium fluoride, CaF2. CaF2.

• Uses:Uses:• Steel productionSteel production• Manufacture of Manufacture of

opalescent glass, opalescent glass, enamels and enamels and cooking utensils. cooking utensils.

• HF production”HF production”http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flourite.jpg

Page 15: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

HistoryHistory

• Eventually the Eventually the surface has been surface has been mined and the mined and the miners hit the miners hit the water table. A water table. A plan was made to plan was made to make a tunnel make a tunnel through the through the mountain. mountain. Vertical shafts Vertical shafts lowered the lowered the water table and water table and allowed the raw allowed the raw ore to be ore to be dropped down dropped down the shafts and the shafts and processed at the processed at the Argo Mill.Argo Mill.

Page 16: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

• “ “The Argo Tunnel was The Argo Tunnel was started from its southern started from its southern terminus at Idaho Springs terminus at Idaho Springs in September 1893, and in September 1893, and reached its final length of reached its final length of 4.16 miles in November 4.16 miles in November 1910, after several pauses 1910, after several pauses in the work. The actual in the work. The actual time spent driving the time spent driving the tunnel was nine years and tunnel was nine years and seven months. The tunnel seven months. The tunnel intersected nearly all the intersected nearly all the major mines between major mines between Idaho Springs and Central Idaho Springs and Central City.City.[1][1]””

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argo_Tunnel

Page 17: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

““The mill was built at The mill was built at the entrance of the the entrance of the tunnel to process tunnel to process ore from the many ore from the many mines drained by mines drained by the tunnel.” the tunnel.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argo_Gold_Mine_and_Mill

Page 18: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

• ““The tunnel operated until The tunnel operated until January 1943, when miners January 1943, when miners working on the Kansas working on the Kansas Lode near Lode near NevadavilleNevadaville blasted into a water-filled blasted into a water-filled mine working, and a large mine working, and a large slug of water flooded out slug of water flooded out the tunnel entrance, killing the tunnel entrance, killing the four miners.the four miners.[2][2] Shortly Shortly after the accident, the after the accident, the federal government federal government ordered all gold mines in ordered all gold mines in the US to shut down, to the US to shut down, to free men and material to free men and material to mine metals considered mine metals considered more essential to the more essential to the World War IIWorld War II war effort. war effort. The Argo Tunnel never The Argo Tunnel never reopened.”reopened.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ArgoTunnel1910.jpg

Argo Tunnel 1910

Page 19: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

The Argo Tunnel had an unforeseen lasting The Argo Tunnel had an unforeseen lasting affect.affect.• From the analytical chemistry From the analytical chemistry

of mine drainage, scientists of mine drainage, scientists have concluded that the have concluded that the major cause of high acidity of major cause of high acidity of the water is the bacterially the water is the bacterially catalyzed oxidation of the catalyzed oxidation of the mineral pyrite. This acidity mineral pyrite. This acidity stimulates the dissolution of stimulates the dissolution of many other sulfide minerals, many other sulfide minerals, resulting in the high resulting in the high concentration of metals such concentration of metals such as copper and zinc.as copper and zinc.

• http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/gips/images/minerals.cr.usgs.gov/gips/images/argobmed.gif&imgrefurl=http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/gips/na/argobmed.gif&imgrefurl=http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/gips/na/drain.html&usg=___CIuS8Oma5YML7L0r7yIy5RtP0I=&h=320&w=drain.html&usg=___CIuS8Oma5YML7L0r7yIy5RtP0I=&h=320&w=209&sz=42&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=p2p6zfuPZalCgM:&tb209&sz=42&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=p2p6zfuPZalCgM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=77&prev=/images%3Fq%3DArgo%2BMinenh=118&tbnw=77&prev=/images%3Fq%3DArgo%2BMine%2Bpolution%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1%2Bpolution%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1

Page 20: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

“ “Contaminants and Health Contaminants and Health ImpactsImpacts• Lead: premature birth and low birth

weight; increased learning disabilities in children; brain and kidney damage; impacts to reproductive systems

• Copper: Stomach and intestinal diseases

• The health risks listed above can have impacts for children, infants and pregnant women.”

http://www.bouldercounty.org/rfp/2007/Argo_CRP.pdf

Page 21: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

• ““The The US Environmental ProteUS Environmental Protection Agencyction Agency listed the tunnel as part listed the tunnel as part of the Central City/Clear of the Central City/Clear Creek federal Creek federal SuperfundSuperfund site, and built a site, and built a treatment system at the treatment system at the mouth to neutralize and mouth to neutralize and remove heavy metals remove heavy metals from the 700 gallon per from the 700 gallon per minute minute acid mine drainageacid mine drainage flow flow before it flows into before it flows into Clear CreekClear Creek..[4][4] The The treatment system treatment system began operation in began operation in 1998.1998.[5][5] The water The water treatment plant is treatment plant is adjacent to the ore mill adjacent to the ore mill on the west.”on the west.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argo_Tunnel

Page 22: Water, Water, Everywhere!. Abundance of Water Water covers around 70 per cent of the Earths surface. This is why Earth looks blue from space, and why

• Acknowledgements:Acknowledgements:

• My knowledge of the Argo Mine My knowledge of the Argo Mine comes from many fine field trips comes from many fine field trips given by Chuck Paterson, Geologist.given by Chuck Paterson, Geologist.