Water Users Cooperatives in Kazakhstan Water Users Cooperatives in Kazakhstan

Republic of KazakhstanRepublic of Kazakhstan::

Greetings to the workshop organizers and Greetings to the workshop organizers and participantsparticipants!!

Republic of Kazakhstan

Total in the countryTotal in the country::8- 8- native zonesnative zones

14-14-oblastsoblasts

016

KARAGANDAKARAGANDA

AKTYUBINAKTYUBIN

ALMATYALMATY

КОСТАНАЙСКАЯКОСТАНАЙСКАЯ

EASTERN KAZAKHSTANEASTERN KAZAKHSTAN

KYZYL-ORDAKYZYL-ORDAMANGISTAUMANGISTAU JAMBYLJAMBYL

AKMOLINSKAYAAKMOLINSKAYA

ATYRAUATYRAU

PevlodarPevlodar

WESTERN KAZAKHSTANWESTERN KAZAKHSTAN

SOUTHERN KAZAKHSTANSOUTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

North KazakhstanNorth Kazakhstan

ASTANA44 444

3

,2

3

74

1

6

24

1

24

Слайд 8

Economic and social significance of irrigated landsEconomic and social significance of irrigated lands

1.1. а)а) Gross production of irrigated lands from 1 ha Gross production of irrigated lands from 1 ha – – up to USD $up to USD $1500 1500

б)б) Gross production of non-irrigated lands from Gross production of non-irrigated lands from 11 ha ha – – up to USD $ up to USD $250250

2. а)2. а) Employment on irrigated lands Employment on irrigated lands – – up to up to 300 300 people perpeople per 1000 1000 ha ha

б)б) Employment on non-irrigated lands Employment on non-irrigated lands – – up to up to 50 50 people per people per 10001000 ha ha

Availability and utilizing of irrigated lands in the country in the breakdown of 2000-2006

OblastOblast

Irrigated Irrigated land as ofland as of

01.01. 200001.01. 2000, , 000’ ha000’ ha

Utilizing of irrigated landsUtilizing of irrigated lands, , 000’ ha, 000’ ha, 2000-20062000-2006

20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 20052005 20062006

AkmolinAkmolin 46,5046,50 3,553,55 2,502,50 1,161,16 2,172,17 1,651,65 1,001,00 1,001,00

AktyubinskAktyubinsk 48,8048,80 8,578,57 8,678,67 8,838,83 9,109,10 4,274,27 9,289,28 9,509,50

AlmatyAlmaty 635,70635,70 452,80452,80 472,90472,90 471,90471,90 522,40522,40 515,50515,50 512,40512,40 512,40512,40

AtyrauAtyrau 4,604,60 3,403,40 2,952,95 0,000,00 2,722,72 3,763,76 3,873,87 3,903,90

E. KazakhstanE. Kazakhstan 219,10219,10 25,8125,81 30,4530,45 55,6055,60 63,1963,19 56,2056,20 59,5659,56 59,5659,56

JambylJambyl 143,94143,94 118,95118,95 142,02142,02 118,23118,23 117,03117,03 115,57115,57 137,45137,45 165,02165,02

W. KazakhstanW. Kazakhstan 11,1011,10 8,818,81 8,508,50 11,1011,10 12,0212,02 5,865,86 2,182,18 2,182,18

KaragandaKaraganda 87,7087,70 65,2065,20 50,4550,45 40,9040,90 1,661,66 58,5058,50 53,8453,84 53,8453,84

Kyzyk-OrdaKyzyk-Orda 277,68277,68 152,34152,34 141,00141,00 139,80139,80 152,73152,73 145,44145,44 149,45149,45 149,45149,45

KostanayKostanay 145,90145,90 4,304,30 2,562,56 1,991,99 1,021,02 1,581,58 3,783,78 3,803,80

MangystauMangystau 1,301,30 0,740,74 0,000,00 0,000,00 0,000,00 0,000,00 0,000,00 0,000,00

PavlodarPavlodar 12,9012,90 4,804,80 5,245,24 6,406,40 10,3010,30 10,4310,43 7,307,30 7,307,30

N. KazakhstanN. Kazakhstan 17,7017,70 3,633,63 1,531,53 0,480,48 0,340,34 0,210,21 0,280,28 0,280,28

S. KazakhstanS. Kazakhstan 500,35500,35 404,27404,27 440,17440,17 452,16452,16 455,65455,65 464,73464,73 458,09458,09 458,09458,09

TOTALTOTAL 2153,272153,27 1257,171257,17 1308,941308,94 1308,551308,55 1350,331350,33 1383,701383,70 1398,481398,48 1426,321426,32

Reasons of irrigated lands deterioration and reductionReasons of irrigated lands deterioration and reduction

Reasons of irrigated lands deterioration and reduction may be divided into 3 Reasons of irrigated lands deterioration and reduction may be divided into 3 groupsgroups::

а) а) economic economic ((lack of circulating assets in farmslack of circulating assets in farms), ),

bb)) organizational organizational ((collapse of large farms required new market methods of organizationcollapse of large farms required new market methods of organization))

cc) ) technicaltechnical ( (deterioration of equipmentdeterioration of equipment, , structures, etcstructures, etc.)..).

Under this workshop we will consider organizational reasons of irrigated lands Under this workshop we will consider organizational reasons of irrigated lands deterioration and reductiondeterioration and reduction..

General chart of land using and on-farm irrigation systemGeneral chart of land using and on-farm irrigation systemof large farmof large farm ( (kolkhozkolkhoz, , sovkhoz, etc.sovkhoz, etc.))

On-farm canal

Off-farm canal

Collector

2500 ha

Brigade method of land use

On-farm maintenance of on-farm irrigation and drainage canals – On-farm Maintenance Service

On-farm water use plan

After reformingAfter reforming: : general chart of land use and off-farm irrigation systemgeneral chart of land use and off-farm irrigation systemof two and more farmsof two and more farms, , create don the basis of large farmcreate don the basis of large farm ( (kolkhozkolkhoz, , sovkhozsovkhoz, , etc.)etc.)

On-farm canal

Off-farm canal RGP (KGP)

Collector

Farm Farm Farm Farm

ТОО? ТОО?Farm

Farm Farm

Farm Farm Farm Farm

FarmFarm

Farm

Farm Farm

Farm

Farm Farm Farm

FarmFarmFarmFarm

Farm

Farm

FarmFarm

Farm

Farm

Main reasons of need in creating consumer cooperativesMain reasons of need in creating consumer cooperatives::

During reforming on the basis of former large farms (kolkhozes, sovkhozes, etc) there During reforming on the basis of former large farms (kolkhozes, sovkhozes, etc) there appeared fromappeared from 2 2 toto 50 50 new farmsnew farms, , as a resultas a result::

Market form of agricultural land use was achievedMarket form of agricultural land use was achieved..

At the same time our farmers were not ready to market form of integration, At the same time our farmers were not ready to market form of integration, and this cause the following problemsand this cause the following problems::

1.1. former on-farm irrigation canals had no ownerformer on-farm irrigation canals had no owner, , were not maintained and operatedwere not maintained and operated, , and and this led to deterioration and decrease of efficiency of irrigation systemsthis led to deterioration and decrease of efficiency of irrigation systems;;

2.2. problems appeared in making agreements with problems appeared in making agreements with РГП (КГП) РГП (КГП) and energy suppliesand energy supplies;;

3.3. Water use became unsystematicWater use became unsystematic, , namelynamely: : breach of queuebreach of queue, , disputes and conflictsdisputes and conflicts, , slower irrigationslower irrigation, , irrational discharge of water;irrational discharge of water;

4. 4. Due to separation of new small farms it had become impossible to organize repair or Due to separation of new small farms it had become impossible to organize repair or reconstruction of irrigation and drainage systemsreconstruction of irrigation and drainage systems..

Stoppage of maintenance leads to quick deterioration of irrigation and drainage systemsStoppage of maintenance leads to quick deterioration of irrigation and drainage systems

Damage of canals and their reinforcements

Breakage of СВД

Due to the breakage of irrigational and drainage systems irrigated lands become worseDue to the breakage of irrigational and drainage systems irrigated lands become worse

Untimely irrigation

Secondary salinization

Measures taken by the Government to rehabilitate and improvement of Irrigation and Measures taken by the Government to rehabilitate and improvement of Irrigation and Drainage systemsDrainage systems

Ministry of Agriculture of Kazakhstan andMinistry of Agriculture of Kazakhstan and Water Water Resources Committee sinceResources Committee since 1995 1995 has been taking has been taking measures on keeping irrigated landsmeasures on keeping irrigated lands::

1. 1. Implementation of Implementation of ((sincesince 1996) 1996) of Irrigation and of Irrigation and Drainage Systems Improvement Project, phase -1, Drainage Systems Improvement Project, phase -1, with the help of IBRD loan with the help of IBRD loan ((IDSIPIDSIP-1). -1).

In this project, the main issue was to create In this project, the main issue was to create consumer cooperatives (CCs)consumer cooperatives (CCs). . For this there were For this there were conducted meetings and workshops with farmers, conducted meetings and workshops with farmers, to support in establishing CCsto support in establishing CCs. .

Total under IDSIPTotal under IDSIP-1 -1 15 CCs were established15 CCs were established. . They’ve become examples and samples of market They’ve become examples and samples of market

method for integration for organizing maintenance method for integration for organizing maintenance of on-farm and off-farm irrigation and drainage of on-farm and off-farm irrigation and drainage systemssystems..

INFORMATION ON AVAILABILITY OF RURAL CONSUMER COOPERATIVES OF WATER USERSINFORMATION ON AVAILABILITY OF RURAL CONSUMER COOPERATIVES OF WATER USERS

OblastOblastNumber of Number of

established CCsestablished CCsUsed irrigated area in Used irrigated area in

oblastsoblasts, , 000’ ha000’ ha

Irrigated area Irrigated area served by CCsserved by CCs, ,

000’ ha000’ ha

% of irrigated lands % of irrigated lands covered by CCscovered by CCs

AlmatyAlmaty 5454 502502 8181 1616

Eastern KazakhstanEastern Kazakhstan 2323 5757 2222 3838

JambylJambyl 6262 165165 100100 6161

Western KazakhstanWestern Kazakhstan 33 44 22 5252

KaragandaKaraganda 11 5454 11 22

KostanayKostanay 11 55 0,10,1 22

KyzylordaKyzylorda 4040 154154 106106 6969

PavlodarPavlodar 22 99 55 5555

Southern KazakhstanSouthern Kazakhstan 160160 443443 313313 7171

TOTALTOTAL 346346 13921392 630630 4545

History of CCs establishment and development in KazakhstanHistory of CCs establishment and development in Kazakhstan

History of CCs establishment in Kazakhstan

TACIS Project(1993-1995)

Support of farms in Almaty oblast

USAID Project(1996-1999)

Irrigation and Drainage Systems Improvement Project

(IDSIP-1, IBRD)(1996-2003)

IDSIP-2On 220 000 ha(2008-2017)

TACIS Project on Ministry of Agriculture

support in CCS(2005-2007)

First data workshops on WUAs,

Statute development and passing it to the Water

Resources Committee

Workshops on topics concerning

Propaganda of participation in preparation of Draft Law on CCs

1.Participation in preparation of Draft Law on CCs.

2.Establishing of 15 CCs.3. Propaganda and experience.

4.Training film.

Statutes on CCs and Methodological

materials are spread to

all regions

Training and Consultancy Centre on CCs are

established in 5 oblasts

One of the Project Components is

CCs support

Legal bases of Consumer CooperativesLegal bases of Consumer Cooperatives

Legal bases of Consumer CooperativesLegal bases of Consumer Cooperatives

Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Law on Rural Consumer Cooperatives of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 21.06.99

Law on CCs of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 8.04.03.

Water Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Land Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Main functionsMain functionsof Consumer Cooperativesof Consumer Cooperatives

Main functions of CCsMain functions of CCs

Owner of off-farm Irrigation and Drainage systems and their maintenance

Owner of off-farm Irrigation and Drainage systems and their maintenance

Making Agreements with Water and energy suppliersMaking Agreements with

Water and energy suppliers

Organization of water use on the basis of plan and agreements with farms

Organization of water use on the basis of plan and agreements with farms

Organization (customer)of reconstruction of irrigation

and drainage systems

Organization (customer)of reconstruction of irrigation

and drainage systems

Provision of credit repayment from the farms’ payments

Provision of credit repayment from the farms’ payments

Multilateral links of CCsMultilateral links of CCs – – in favor of farms-water users and off-farm irrigation and drainage systemsin favor of farms-water users and off-farm irrigation and drainage systems

Energy

Research institute

Maintenance constructors

Banks

Ministry of Finance,Ministry of Agriculture

Basin Water Resources Department-

(allowance,limits)

Republic State Enterprise (Municipal state enterp.)

-irrigating water

CCs

Farm

ТОО

ТОО

Farm

Farm

IBRD

General information on activities of CCs in the Republic of KazakhstanGeneral information on activities of CCs in the Republic of Kazakhstan

General information on

CCs

Owner of off-farm irrigation and

drainage systems

Customer of repair and reconstruction

Of off-farm irrigation and drainage

systems

Organization of water use and maintenance

works

Provision of repair and reconstruction credit

repayment

Receipt of registration certificate

and registration in ЦН

Agreements with energy supplier

Agreements with water supplier

Agreements with water users

Law on Consumer Cooperatives of

21.06.99Law on Rural Water

Consumer

Cooperatives of 8.04.03.

Founders: farms-water users

Current CCs management:

Board of Directors and Chairman

Accounting and maintenance

service

Agreements with creditors

Agreements with contractors

Organizational structure of CCsOrganizational structure of CCs

CC

Accountant’s office Maintenance service Machinery

Top management:Founders - Farms-water users

Payers:Farms-water users

DirectoryAnd directory chairman

Executive Director

Audit Committee

Measures on state support of CCs in Republic of Kazakhstan

State ProgramsState Programs UnitUnit 20032003 20042004 20052005 20062006 20072007Plan Plan 20082008

009 “009 “Funding water delivery costs to Funding water delivery costs to agricultural manufacturersagricultural manufacturers""

000’ 000’ Kazakh Kazakh tengetenge

285,53285,53 553,88553,88 789,27789,27 683,33683,33 731,17731,17 775,04775,04

IDSIPIDSIP hahaIDSIPIDSIP-1-1

Since 19Since 199696 to 20 to 200404

ToTo 32 32 000 ha000 ha

WMIPWMIPsincesince 19199999

toto 20200606toto 39 39 000 000

haha

Since Since 20082008 IDSIP IDSIP-2 -2 toto 220 220 000 000 haha

CCs establishment allowedCCs establishment allowed:: а) а) using local possibilitiesusing local possibilities

bb)) implementing IDSIP and WMIP implementing IDSIP and WMIPcc)) funding maintenance costs funding maintenance costs

as a result, irrigation and drainage systems are improvedas a result, irrigation and drainage systems are improved ( (see photossee photos):):

CCs establishment allowedCCs establishment allowed:: а) а) using local possibilitiesusing local possibilities

bb)) implementing IDSIP and WMIP implementing IDSIP and WMIPcc)) funding maintenance costs funding maintenance costs

as a result, irrigation and drainage systems are improvedas a result, irrigation and drainage systems are improved ( (see photossee photos):):

CCs have become market infrastructure and organizational and legal basis for investments to CCs have become market infrastructure and organizational and legal basis for investments to irrigation and drainage systemsirrigation and drainage systems

Project lands of IDSIPProject lands of IDSIP-1: -1: CCs established irrigation and drainage systems improvedCCs established irrigation and drainage systems improved

Main indicators of CCs establishment efficiencyMain indicators of CCs establishment efficiency::

CCs have been established on area of CCs have been established on area of 629,7629,700 ha or00 ha or 45% 45% of used irrigated landsof used irrigated lands. . Efficiency of CCs Efficiency of CCs establishment can be assessed by the following indicatorsestablishment can be assessed by the following indicators::

CCs improved maintenance works, as a result efficiency of systems increased toCCs improved maintenance works, as a result efficiency of systems increased to 24% 24% or assessing total irrigation area or assessing total irrigation area of the country toof the country to 7%. 7%.

CCs met creditors’ conditions and organized reconstruction and improvement of irrigation systems maintenance on CCs met creditors’ conditions and organized reconstruction and improvement of irrigation systems maintenance on total area of total area of 7171 000 ha, as a result efficiency of systems increased to 40% 000 ha, as a result efficiency of systems increased to 40%, , and assessing total irrigation area of the and assessing total irrigation area of the country to country to 9%.9%.

Implementation of IDSIPImplementation of IDSIP-2 -2 in in 2008-2017: 2008-2017: with the help of CCs and reconstruction provide increase of irrigation with the help of CCs and reconstruction provide increase of irrigation systems on total area of systems on total area of 220 220 000 ha on000 ha on 40% 40% or assessing total irrigation area of the country to or assessing total irrigation area of the country to 15%.15%.

Chart of self-organization and mutual assistanceChart of self-organization and mutual assistance ( (effective circulation of “market integration” of water userseffective circulation of “market integration” of water users))

CCs support irrigation and drainage systems

Reliable irrigation and drainage systems

are the basis for effective farmers

Farmers create and support CCs

CCs become an important infrastructure element of water use organization in KazakhstanCCs become an important infrastructure element of water use organization in Kazakhstan

РГП

СТРУКТУРАСТРУКТУРА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ В КАЗАХСТАНЕУПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ

Комитет по водным ресурсам МСХ РК

Областной Акимат

Агромелиоводхоз БВУДепартаментсельского и

водного хозяйства

АВ,СПКВ и т.п.

КГП

Районныйакимат

Облводхоз

РайводхозГГМЭ

Participation of CCs in the structure of Participation of CCs in the structure of Water Resources Management in KazakhstanWater Resources Management in Kazakhstan

ПРИНЦИПИАЛЬНАЯПРИНЦИПИАЛЬНАЯ СХЕМА ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ СХЕМА ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВОДНЫМИ РЕСУРСАМИУПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВОДНЫМИ РЕСУРСАМИ

ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВО РК

УПРАВЛЕНИЕМЕЛИОРАТИВНЫМИ

СИСТЕМАМИ

• МИНСЕЛЬХОЗ

• МИНЭКОЛОГИЯ

• МИНЭНЕРГО

• МИНЗДРАВ

• АКИМАТЫ

• ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛИ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОСТИ

ОТРАСЛЕВЫЕУПРАВЛЕНИЯ

БАССЕЙНОВЫЕСОВЕТЫ

СПКВ, ООВ, ГМК

CONCLUSIONCollapse of large farms to smaller ones may be considered as the first stage of market reform, and establishment and development of CCs is its integration stage. Without CCs it impossible to invest funds to keep irrigation and drainage systems. Deterioration of irrigation and drainage systems leads to deterioration of irrigated lands, that is brings worsening of social, economic and ecologic situation.

As a result:The issues considered in this workshop on improvement of organizational and legal bases and activities of water users cooperatives (in Kazakhstan – Rural consumers cooperatives of water users - CCs) have significant meaning in safety and effective development current up to 50% of irrigated lands of Kazakhstan.This is due to the following facts:CC is a organizational and legal basis for providing safety and efficiency of irrigation and drainage systems:А) for farmers by means of joint maintenance and self-financing;Б) for the Government on market basis to implement projects and programs to support irrigation and drainage systems (reconstruction, financing current costs).

It is important to take into account the following:

Measures on establishing and developing CCs will not be efficient, if they will be not understood and supported by leaders and specialists, and civil servants and local population. Accordingly, irrigation and drainage projects should include training-information and institutional components. The main objective of this component should be formation among farmers and civil servants understanding of CCs role in providing safety and efficiency of irrigated lands under market conditions.