WATER TREATMENT FOR DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY PHON KIT POI 0328435

LIEU XUE QI  0327523SEW YUE LING 0327032HONG LI VIAN 0327007LEE LIN HUI 0322797

FONG KAH YAN 0322815

INTRODUCTION

WATER TREATMENT

Will affect our health

The purposes : Provide clean water.                       To remove contaminants.

UNTREATED WATER

Process of contaminated water that had to treated into a drinkable and usable water.

VomitingDiarrhoea

WATER CYCLE Water is always changing states between

liquid, vapor, and ice.

Solar energy evaporates water from the ocean, lakes and rivers. (Evaporation Process)

Water vapour cools and turns back into tiny water droplets, forming clouds.(Condensation Process)

These droplets fall to earth as rain (precipitation).

While the snow melts then it will run to the river.

WATER FILTER

MANAGEMENT PROCESS

STEP 1: COAGULATIONA procedure to form a “floc”

Purpose: increase the settling velocity

Alum can neutralize the negative charges on the particles in the water.

STEP 2: FLOCCULATIONThe particles can be clung together after rapid mixing.

Form ‘flocs’ or ‘flakes’

Mixing is made quite slowly

STEP 3: SEDIMENTATION Used to reduce the concentration of particles in suspension

To decrease the sum of coagulating chemicals required

The floc particles to settle to the bottom and are removed

Clear water moves off the top

STEP 4: FILTRATION A concrete box which contains sand, gravel and an underdrain

Must be backwashed

The particles rise up and are flushed

Crystal clear water will be received by the pipes

STEP 5: DISINFECTIONProtect water against bacteria

Enough chlorine is added

Makes it safe to drink

To protect the public

STEP 6: DISTRIBUTION Water is pumped from the clear water tank

Pumping of the clean water produced at the process of water treatment to the community is known as distribution.

INSTALLATION PROCESS

WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Deliver water to consumer from water treatment plant to the house.

Two types of water distribution system Point-of-entry system

Installed on a single tap and treat for drinking and cooking water only.

Point-of-use system Installed on the main water supply line, treat the whole house water.

WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM

To remove the chemicals and impurities in water.

Ion exchange To soften the water

Activated carbon Absorb impurities from water

Reverse osmosis Reduces suspended and dissolved matter

Ultra-violet sterilization To kill the microorganisms in the water

WATER PIPES DISTRIBUTION

Material that suitable used for water piping

Asbestos pipe Ductile cast iron pipe Gray cast iron pipe

Steel pipe Concrete pipe PVC pipe

WATER SUPPLY TO RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Direct system Indirect system

ADVANTAGES &

DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGESClean and mineral-rich water

Convenient

Control of water quality

Less risk of being without supply

DISADVANTAGESHigh expenses

Regular cleaning and  maintenance needed

Risk of water pollution

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS TO THE SYSTEM

WATER QUALITY PROBLEMS

Physical Taste and odor Turbidity and Colour

Biological Pathogenic Organisms

Chemical Hardness Iron Radon

TASTE & ODOR “Rotten Egg” taste - Hydrogen Sulphide

Metallic Taste – leach from Copper pipes

TURBIDITY AND COLOUR Visual haziness

Organic compounds derived from the decay of plant and animal matter.

Water that looks yellowish, brown or red - Metallic ions such as iron and manganese

PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS Organisms: from ultra-small viruses to relatively large protozoa.

Disease - typhoid, dysentery, cholera, human maladies(polio, infectious hepatitis) and some forms of gastroenteritis.

HARDNESS Caused by calcium and magnesium in water.

Water becomes acidic at low hardness levels plumbing corrosion or leaching of lead from soldered plumbing joints

May leave an insoluble curd on bathtubs, sinks, clothing, and skin.

Also deposits a scale inside pipes, boilers, and hot water tanks reducing their capacity and heat-transfer properties

IRON Easily dissolved in water, particularly acidic water.

Can cause corroding metal in pipes, pumps, and other water-related fixtures.

Iron stains leave on sinks, tubs, showers and other water appliances

Water smell bad.

RADON Enters through two primary pathways: cracks in the foundation and release from the water supply used inside the home

Formed during the decay of naturally occurring minerals containing radioactive elements such as uranium.

A colourless, odourless and tasteless radioactive gas.

May cause risk of lung cancer

CASE STUDY

SYABAS Selangor Domestic Water supply company.

Supply the water to the building in Selangor.

Provide services such as supply clean water

Perform periodical

Maintenance of infrastructure.

MANAGEMENT PROCESSSupporting process That comprises Finance, Administration, Legal, and Human

Resource, procurement, technology and R&D Management

Process Management That comprises Program and Project & Contract Management

Core Business Process That comprises Supply, Operations & Maintenance, Billing & Collections, Development Plan Approval and Customer Service

Quality Management That comprises Training and Client Charter Compliance Management

Product Information That comprises Distribution Infrastructure Assets

 

WATER QUALITYQuality Assurance

Programme by Ministry of Health (MOH)

-Start in 2005

-Water quality becomes more clean and safe to drink

- “National Standard For Drinking Water Quality” (NSDWQ) issued by the Ministry of Health (MOH).

In-House Water Quality Assessment

-Start in 2006

-SYABAS has started the in-house Water Quality Testing Programme

-Collected some samples and sent to third party for microbiological and chemical analysis.   

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE FUTURE IMPROVEMENT

CURRENT PROBLEMS IN MALAYSIA

Penang River Klang River

OTHER POLLUTED RIVERS

IMPORTANCE OF RIVERRiver in Malaysia is a major source of our drinking water.

97% of our drinking water comes from river.

1800 rivers with 189 river basins for our consumption, yet we find ourselves facing water shortages. Why?

Rapid development, growth and industrialization have resulted in major river pollution issues. 

RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE IMPROVEMENT

River care program and campaign Clean the rubbish

Upgrade the existing water distribution system Water quality restoration

Improve the exiting sewage treatment plants Water conservation & efficiency

Improve the existed industrial water supply system By constructing reservoirs or dams To minimize further impacts to rivers and streams

THANK YOU!