water transmission and distribution systems

8/15/2019 Water Transmission and Distribution Systems

1/71

Qgtir Rrgesohsshce geb

Bhstrhduthce Zystios

\hpifhei `ybrgufhjs

Qgtir Rrgesohsshce systios geb gppurtiegejis

Qgtir bhstrhduthce systios geb gppurtiegejis%


2/71

\hpifhei#j`geeif `ybrgufhjs@igb

• Rctgf ieiray pir ueht wiha`t cn tì nfcwhea wgtir hs jgffib ìgb ‚

hejfubis t`rii jcopceiets= kheithj& pctiethgf geb prissuri ìgbs• Yehts cn prissuri gri \gsjgfs (E#o4

• \rissuri ìgb (` hs binheib gs prissuri upce spijhnhj wiha`t (p#χa ‚ 7k\g ?


3/71

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F hs fieat` cn phpi (o

@n hs nrhjthcegf `igb fcss

T hs `ybrgufhj rgbhus

K hs jcevirshce ngjtcr (


4/71

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Ogeehea ncroufg

‐^‘ hs vifcjhty (o#sij%

‐J‘ hs Jìzy jcinnhjhiet (o7#4#Zij%

‐T‘ hs `ybrgufhj rgbhus (o

‐Z‘ hs sfcpi

‐e‘ hs Ogeehea jcinnhjhiet cn rcuaèiss

‐n‘ hs Bgrjy/Qihsdgj` nrhjthce ngjtcr


5/71

‐^‘ hs vifcjhty (o#sij% ‐J‘ hs @gzie/Qhffhgo‘s jcinnhjhiet

‐T‘ hs @ybgufhj rgbhus (o

‐Z‘ hs sfcpi

‐W‘ hs nfcw (o:#sij%

‐b‘ hs phpi bhgoitir (o

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@gzie/Qhffhgos ncroufg

‐J‘ hs jgrryhea jgpgjhty ngjtcr gebgfsc rinirrib tc gs rcuaèissjcinnhjhiet

‐J‘ vgfui hjrigsis wht` hejrigshea

hetiregf socctèiss& gebhejrigshea phpi bhgoitir& dutbijrigsis wh` phpi gai

‐J‘ vgfui tc g eiafhahdfi ixtiet hsgnnijtib dy j`geais he nfcw rgtis

\fgsthj phpis `gvi `haìr ‐J‘ vgfui

(72


6/71

Nrhjthce NgjtcrBipiebs ce

• Tifgthvi rcuaèiss (rcuaèiss prcmijthces tc phpi bhgoitir rgthc

‚ \hpis jgrryhea rgw wgtir gri susjipthdfi shft bipcshthce& cragehjarcwt`& iejrustgthce& geb jcrrcshce (gff hejrigsi tì rcuaèiss

‚ Tcuaèiss prcmijthces hejrigsi wht` gai ‚ burgdfi socct` hetiregffhehea jge gvchb t`hs

‚ Oitgffhj phpis fheib wht` jioiet ocrtgr cr ipcxy hetiregf jcgthea`gvi fcw rcuaèiss prcmijthce

‚ Gsdistcs jioiet& jcejriti& jioiet ocrtgr& \^J& AT\& geb ctìrpfgsthj phpis bc ect s`cw gey shaehnhjget hejrigsi wht` gai

• Tiyecfb‘s euodir

‚ Ncr Ti 57


7/71


8/71


9/71

Iquhvgfiet phpi Fieat` (ohecr fcssjcevirtib tc phpi fieat` iquhvgfiet

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K? ohecr fcss jcinnhjhiet

v ? nfcw vifcjhty (o#s

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a ? gjjifirgthce cn argvhty (o#s4

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‐n‘? nrhjthce ngjtcr

‐F‘ ? iquhvgfiet phpi fieat` (o

‐B‘ ? phpi hetiregf bhgoitir (o


10/71

Dist cr ocst ijcecohj `ybrgufhj jrcsssijthce ncr cpie j`geeif nfcw

•

Dist cr ocst ijcecohj `ybrgufhj jrcss sijthce ncr cpie j`geeifscjjur gt tì ohehogf wittib pirhoitir (cr gt tì ogxhouo`ybrgufhj rgbhus ncr g spijhnhj nfcw jrcss sijthce

• Ncr rijtgeaufgr j`geeifs

whbt`bipt``gs

j`geeif aufgr rij ncr thcejrcss n fcwijcecohjocst geb Dist

ahvis zirctcbirhvgthvitìiqugthea

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11/71

Dist cr ocst ijcecohj `ybrgufhj jrcss

sijthce ncr cpie j`geeif nfcw

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12/71

Zjcur vifcjhty cr Zifn jfigeshea vifcjhty

• Zifn/jfigeshea vifcjhty cr sjcur vifcjhty jge di ncueb dy

Jgop‘s ncroufg

• ZA hs spijhnhj argvhty cn t`i pgrthjfi

• bp hs pgrthjfi shzi

• Ks hs jcestget geb hts vgfui hs tgkie gs


13/71

Bishae g trgpizchbgf j`geeif ncr jgrryhea wgtir gt t`i

rgti cn 7


14/71

Rrgesohsshce Zystio•

Nuejthce cn t`i systio hs tc trgesnir wgtir nrco scurji tcbhstrhduthce eitwcrk& stcrgai risirvchr cr QR\

• Jgegfs& gquibujts cr tueeifs& nrii nfcw# argvhty nfcw phpifheisgeb prissuri phpifheis gri usib ncr wgtir trgesohsshce

• Rrgesohsshce hs iht`ir dy argvhty cr dy puophea

‚ Argvhty nfcw systio ‚ fcw jcst geb hevcfvis ec ieiray jcst

‚ Jgegfs& gquibujts cr tueeifs& nrii nfcw# argvhty nfcw phpifheis

‚ \uopib phpi nfcw systio ‚ `ha` jcsts cn cpirgthce geboghetiegeji

• puopib tc bhstrhduthce systio wht` prcvhshce ncr siebhea ixjisswgtir tc stcrgai risirvchrs

• puopib tc stcrgai risirvchr

• puopib tc bhstrhduthce systio / vgrhgdfi spiib cr vgrhgdfinriquiejy brhvi puops gri hbigf


15/71

Rrgesohsshce Zystio• \rissuri oghes# phpifheis

‚ Fiss acvireib dy rcuti tcpcargp`y geb rcuthea cn phpifheis jgedi gfcea rcgbs geb pudfhj wgys / Jfcsify ncffcw arcueb surngji

‚ @AF ncr tì ogxhouo pcsshdfi nfcw hs gfwgys oghetgheib gdcvitì phpifhei t`rcua`cut tì fieat` (ec ‚vi prissuri gffcwib

‚ Ogxhouo @AF hs jcoputib dgsib ce tì wgtir suppfy cn


16/71

Rrgesohsshce Zystio• J`geeifs#jgegfs

‚

Rrgpizchbgf sijthces gri jceshbirib gs ocst ijcecohjgf /Tijtgeaufgr sijthces prcvi ijcecohjgf w`ie jut t`rcua` rcjk

‚ Nfcw hs uehncro (dijgusi cn t`i sgoi jrcss sijthce& sfcpi gebegturi cn surngji

‚ Tijcooiebib ncr rgw wgtir geb ect ncr trigtib wgtir

‚ Argvhty nfcw systios / Ogeehea ncroufg hs usib ‚ Oige vifcjhthis=


17/71


18/71

Gppurtiegejis= hscfgthce#dfcjk vgfvis Agti vgfvis

• Jfcshea ifioiet hs pgrgffif shbib cr wibai/s`gpib bhsj#agti

gttgjìb tc tì ieb cn g stio geb nhtthea hetc g wibai/s`gpib sigt• G fheigr/octhce vgfvi (ifioiet ocvis bcwe geb up he strgha`t fhei

• @gvi ihtìr rhshea cr ece/rhshea stios (he rhshea typi& stio hs nhxib tcagti; geb he ece/rhshea typi& stio hs t`rigbib gt tì dcttco gebogtis wht` t`rigb he tì agti

• Ect usib tc jcetrcf nfcw / pgrthgf cpiehea bgogais tì vgfvi (jgedi ircbib geb prcpir sigfhea gaghest sigt dijcois hopcsshdfi

Dgff vgfvi

• G rctgthcegf/octhce vgfvi ‚ nfcw hs jcetrcffib t`rcua` rctgthea g

dgff/s`gpib jfcshea ifioiet• dgff `gs g `cfi cn tì sgoi bhgoitir gs tì phpifhei he ht / vgfvi hs

cpie wìe tì `cfi fheis up wht` hefit geb cutfit cn tì vgfvi dcby

\fua vgfvi

• G rctgthcegf/octhce vgfvi / cpirgtis shohfgr tc tì dgff vgfvi

• Z`gpi cn tì jfcshea ifioiet hs g pfua wht` g `cfi


19/71


20/71

Gppurtiegejis= Nfcw jcetrcf vgfvis Afcdi vgfvis

• G fheigr/octhce vgfvi ‚ fccks viry shohfgr tc g agti vgfvi nrco cutshbi

• @gs g rhshea stio geb ge gjtugtcr hs nhxib tc ht geb rhsis wht` ht

• Accb ncr nfcw riaufgthce gs wiff gs ncr stgrthea geb stcpphea nfcw%

• Afcdi vgfvis jge di

‚ ]/typi/ tì nfuhb prissuri ìfps tc pus` tì vgfvi cpie

‚ Geafi typi ‚ uefhki tì ]/typi& tì nfcw j`geais hts bhrijthce cefy ceji/ prissuri brcp hs fissir ìri

‚ X/typi / ht `gs tì sigt gt gdcut 29° tc tì nfcw bhrijthce ‚ htstrgha`ties tì nfcw pgt` geb ribujis tì prissuri brcp%

Duttirnfy vgfvis


21/71

Duttirnfy vgfvis

G rctgthcegf/octhce vgfvi ‚ must 8


22/71

Gppurtiegejis= Bhrijthcegf#jìjk vgfvis Zwhea jìjk vgfvi= Rì vgfvi bhsj hs `heaib gt tì tcp he g `crhzcetgf phpifhei

geb wìe tìri hs ec nfcw& wiha`t cn tì bhsj jfcsis tì vgfvi

\hstce jìjk vgfvi= \hstce jìjk vgfvis gri shohfgr tc fhnt jìjk vgfvis & dut&hestigb cn g vgfvi bhsj tìri hs g phstce t`gt socct`fy sfhbi he g jyfhebir

Dgff jìjk vgfvi= Rìsi `gvi spìrhjgf (dgff/s`gpib jfcshea ifioiets& t`gtogy cpirgti dy argvhty cr dy tì nfcw prissuri cr ht ogy di sprhea/fcgbib

Fhnt jìjk vgfvi

• Rìsi `gvi g vgfvi dcby geb sigthea grrgeaioiet shohfgr tc afcdi vgfvis%

• Nfcw oust ietir nrco uebir tì sigt tc fhnt tì jfcshea ifioiet& w`hjògy di nrii tc ngff uebir hts cwe wiha`t& cr g sprhea ogy ìfp he jfcshea

• Tivirsi bhrijthce nfcw pusìs jfcshea ifioiet gaghest tì sigt

Ztcp jìjk vgfvi

• Zhohfgr tc g afcdi vgfvi dut tì vgfvi bhsk hs nrii tc sfhbi ce tì stio

• Qht` tì vgfvi stio rghsib& ht gjts gs g fhnt jìjk vgfvi& geb hn tìri hs ecnfcw cr nfcw rivirsif& tì bhsj brcps hetc tì sigt%

• Qìe tì stio hs fcwirib& tì bhsj jge ect di fhntib dy nfcw geb ìejitì nfcw stcps nrco dct` tì bhrijthces%


23/71


24/71

Gppurtiegejis= \rissuri

ribujhea vgfvis• Rìsi t`rcttfi gutcogthjgffy tc priviet tì

bcwestrigo `ybrgufhj argbi nrcoixjiibhea g sit vgfui

• Burhea cpirgthce& tì vgfvi jcetheucusfy

cpies geb jfcsis tc oghetghe g nfcw cn nfuhb gt tì ribujib prissuri

• Rì cpirgthce bipiebs ce dgfgejiditwiie nfuhb prissuris gjthea gdcvi gebdifcw g phstce& geb g sprhea ncrji

• Rì phstce hs pusìb bcwe dy tì ncrjis cn tì fcw prissuri nfuhb pfus tì sprhea& cetì ctìr `geb tì phstce hs pusìb up dytì ncrji cn tì `ha` prissuri nfuhb


25/71

Gppurtiegejis= Gfthtubi ^gfvis

‚ Rìsi gri iopfcyib gt tì pchet wìri phpifhei ietirs g tgek

‚ Qìe tgek fivif rhsis tc g spijhnhib uppir fhoht& tì vgfvi jfcsistc priviet gey nurtìr nfcw ifhohegthea cvirnfcw

‚ Qìe tì nfcw trieb rivirsis& tì vgfvi ricpies geb gffcws tìtgek tc brghe cr tc suppfy tì usgai biogebs cn tì systio%


26/71


27/71

Gppurtiegejis= Ghr Tifigsi ^gfvis (GT^s Rypis cn Ghr Tifigsi ^gfvis= : typis / Kheithj GT^s& Gutcogthj

GT^s geb Jcodhegthce GT^s

7% Kheithj Ghr Tifigsi ̂ gfvis wht` Fgrai Crhnhji= ‚ Ysib ncr rgphb rifigsi cn ghr burhea phpifhei nhffhea geb ncr rgphb

ghr ietry burhea phpifhei ioptyhea

‚ Nuejthce wìe tì phpifhei hs ect uebir prissuri

4% Gutcogthj Ghr Tifigsi ĝfvis wht` Zogff Crhnhji ‚ Ysib ncr ghr rifigsi burhea wgtir nfcw uebir prissuri

‚ Ghr gjjuoufgthce brcps dgff he tì vgfvi geb cpies tì vgfvi ncrghr rifigsi ‚ rhshea wgtir he tì vgfvi nfcgts dgff geb jfcsis vgfvi

:% Jcodhegthce Ghr Tifigsi ĝfvi

‚ hejcrpcrgtis dct` gutcogthj geb kheithj GT^s hetc cei ueht

‚ Yehvirsgf typi GT^s& bishaeib ncr ghr bhsj`grai burhea nhffhea gebghr ietry burhea ioptyhea cn tì wgtir oghe& gfsc gffcw isjgpicn ghr nrco tì wgtir oghe he cpirgthce geb uebir prissuri

‚

G jcopcueb fivir systio nuejthcehea he jcemuejthce wht` g fgraicrhnhji geb g sogff crhnhji he cei hetiargf dcby jgsthea gffcws t`hs


28/71

Gppurtiegejis= Ghr Tifigsi ^gfvis (GT^s ^gfvi Fcjgthces

• ce rhshea oghes gntir t`i puops ncr dct` rifigshea geb gbohtthea ghr

• gt `ha` pchets t`rcua`cut phpifhei systios

• gt phpifhei sfcpi trgeshthce pchets (dincri . gntir stiip sfcpis

• Gt iviry 9


29/71


30/71

Gppurtiegejis= NhttheasNhttheas gri hestgffib

• Ncr jceeijthea phpis cn sgoi typi geb shzi geb phpis cn

bhnniriet shzis ‚ Yehces= prcvhbib he phpifheis ncr igsi cn ripghr usugffy gt

riaufgr hetirvgfs (>< o

‚ Jcupfhea= usib he mchethea 4 phpis cn sgoi bhgoitir ‚ jìgpirt`ge uehces%

‚ Tibujirs= usib wìe tìri hs ribujthce cn phpi shzi (dus`heas

• Ncr j`geahea tì nfcw bhrijthce ncr stcpphea nfcw

• Ifdcws (tc j`geai nfcw bhrijthce& ribujhea ifdcws& tiis (tcbhvhbi nfcw hetc twc& jrcssis (tc bhvhbi nfcw hetc t`rii& jgps&

pfuas geb dfheb nfgeaisMchets= usib tc gttgj` phpis tcaitìr cr gttgj` phpis tc ctìr

bivhjis / twc typis= sfhp ce mchets geb oij`gehjgf mchets

‚ Oij`gehjgf mchets gri usib tc jceeijt phpis tc nhri `ybrgets crvgfvis& he drhbai jrcssheas& geb he bhstrhduthce phphea

Aguais& oitirs& itj%


31/71


32/71

Rrgesohsshce systio• Rrgesohsshce cn wgtir gjjcuets ncr gpprijhgdfi pgrt cn tì jgphtgf

cutfgy geb oghetiegeji jcsts jcufb gfsc di `ha`

• Burhea trgesohsshce tì ncffcwhea s`cufb di iesurib gaghest ‚ \csshdfi pcffuthce cn wgtir nrco surrcuebhea grigs

‚ Qgtir fcssis bui tc pirjcfgthce geb ivgpc/trgesphrgthce

‚ Ohsusi cn wgtir

• Ogtirhgfs usib ‚

Jgst hrce& bujthfi hrce geb ohfb stiif ‚ \ri/strissib jcejriti& rihencrjib jioiet jcejriti& gsdistcs jioiet

‚ \cfyvheyf j`fcrhbi (\^J& Afgss rihencrjib pfgsthj (AT\& pfgsthj

• Ncffcwhea henfuieji tì ogtirhgfs j`csie

‚ Tishstgeji tc nfcw

‚

Gvghfgdfi ̀ igb cr prissuri ‚ Gffcwgdfi vifcjhthis

‚ Zjcurhea

‚ Zibhoiet trgespcrt

‚ Qgtir qugfhty

‚ Tifgthvi jcst


33/71

Ngjtcrs he Zifijthea \hpifhei Ogtirhgfs • Nfcw J`grgjtirhsthjs= nrhjthce ìgb fcss geb nfcw jgpgjhty / Nrhjthce

fcss hs pcwir fcss geb gnnijt tì cpirgthea jcsts cn tì systio hn puop hs usib%

• \hpi Ztrieat`= wcrkhea prissuri geb dursthea prissuri rgtheag`cufb gbiqugti tc oiit tì cpirgthea jcebhthces cn tì systio

• Burgdhfhty= wht` accb fhni ixpijtgejy ahvie tì cpirgthea jcebhthcesgeb tì schf jcebhthces cn tì systio (s`cufb `gvi ge ixpijtib fhni

cn :< yigrs cr ocri• Rypi cn Zchf= Zifijt tì typi cn phpi t`gt hs suhtib tc tì typi cn schf

/gjhbhj schf jge igshfy jcrrcbi A%H% phpis / viry rcjky schf jge bgogaipfgsthj phpis uefiss prcpirfy dibbib he sgeb cr ctìr typi cn ogtirhgf%

•

Gvghfgdhfhty= Zifijt fcjgffy ogeungjturib#ngdrhjgtib phpis wìeivirgvghfgdfi%

• Jcst cn \hpis= He gbbhthce tc hehthgf jcst cn phpis& hestgffgthce jcsts`cufb gfsc di jceshbirib / typi cn mchet (sjriwib& scfviet wifb& sfhp mchet& itj%& wiha`t cn phpi& bipt` cn dury riquhrib& whbt` cn triej`geb bipt` cn jcvir riquhrib jge gnnijt tì hestgffgthce jcst


34/71

Ivgfugthce cn phpi ogtirhgf gaghest t`i ngjtcrs cn sifijthce


35/71

Qgtir bhstrhduthce systio• Bishaeib tc suppfy gbiqugti qugethty cn wgtir (hejfubhea nhri

nha`thea riquhrioiets gt gff thois geb gt sunnhjhiet prissuri

‚ \rissuri ect di ixjisshvi (prcvis jcstfy geb hejrigsis figks gebjcesuopthce& dut s`cufb ht di sunnhjhiet ncr nhri nha`thea3

• Jgtiacrhis= Drgej`hea& Arhb& geb jcodhegthce (dct` systios

‚ Arhb systios prinirrib (nurehs` wgtir tc igj` pchet cn jcesuopthcenrco gt figst twc bhrijthces

‚ \hpi eitwcrk fccps wht` ecbis (iebs phpi sijthces geb fheks#phpis

‚ Drgej`hea systios `gvi bigb iebs geb bc ect piroht wgtir suppfynrco ocri t`ge cei bhrijthce

• G sirvhji grig jge `gvi ocri t`ge cei bhstrhduthce systios

• Oghe ifioiets wgtir bhstrhduthce systios gri

‚ \hphea wht` vgfvis geb ct`ir gppurtiegejis

‚ \uophea stgthces geb Ztcrgai ngjhfhthis

‚ Nhri `ybrgets

‚ Qgtir oitirs

‚ @cusi sirvhji jceeijthces geb \udfhj ngujits


36/71


37/71

Bhstrhduthce \hpi Eitwcrk Bishae Jrhtirhg

•

Bhstrhduthce phpifheis gri bishaeib tc `gebfi pigk `cur biogeb crogxhouo bgy biogeb pfus nhri biogeb (w`hj`ivir hs fgrair

• ^ifcjhty gt bishae nfcws hs


38/71

9< OFB 8%9 OFB

4%9 OFB4%< OFB

2%< OFB:%< OFB

>%9 OFB

1%< OFB 9%9 OFB7


39/71

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fccpgcn phpisgff ncr shae sgoi ahviehsìri KW

KW

fccpgcn phpistìgff ncr sgoihs

KW KWcr WW K

zircdioust fccpjfcsib ggrcueb `cn suo

WW K èiafhahdfihsvgfuiìri

WW K `W K `

WW

hsjcrrijthce n fcwtìeWhs n fcwgssuoib Hn

aB

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40/71

@grby/jrcss oit`cb• Bhvhbi eitwcrk hetc jfcsib fccps cn ecbis geb phpis%

• Muejthce ocbis (pchets wìri phpis oiit geb nfcw hs ihtìrhetrcbujib cr wht`brgwe geb nhxib argbi ecbis (risirvchr hsgttgjìb wht` tì ecbi

• Ncr igj` cn tì fccps hbiethny tì phpis

• Ncr igj` cn tì phpis

‚ Cdtghe fieat` (F ncr igj` phpi (gjtugf fieat` + iquhvgfiet phpi fieat`ncr gjjcuethea tì ohecr fcssis

‚ Bijhbi bhgoitir cn igj` cn tì phpis

‚ Nheb ‐K‘ vgfui ushea tì ncffcwhea ncroufg=

Gssuoi bhsj`grai (W g geb bhrijthce cn nfcw he igj` cn tì phpis

‚ Gppfy Jcetheuhty gt igj` ecbi (Rctgf henfcw ? Rctgf Cutnfcw

‚ Jceshbir jfcjkwhsi nfcw gs pcshthvi geb geth/jfcjkwhsi nfcw gs eiagthvi

94

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aB

nF

K

‐n‘ hs nrhjthce ngjtcr

‐F‘ hs phpi fieat` ‐B‘ hs phpi bhgoitir


41/71

Jgfjufgti `F ncr igj` cn t`i phpis (ahvi pcshthvi shae ncr jfcjkwhsi

nfcw bhrijthce geb eiagthvi shae ncr gethjfcjkwhsi nfcw

Jcoputi suo ncr fccp Z `F%

Jgfjufgti `F # W g ncr igj` phpi geb jcoputi Z`F# W g

Jgfjufgti jcrrijthce (β dy t`i ncffcwhea iqugthce

Ncr jcooce oiodirs ditwiie 4 fccps dct` jcrrijthces (β7 gebβ4 `gvi tc di ogbi

Gs fccp 7 oiodir& 7 4%

Gs fccp 4 oiodir& 4 7

@grby/jrcss oit`cb

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42/71

Gppfy jcrrijthce tc W g geb tgki W eiw?W g +

Tipigt jcoputgthce cn jcrrijthce geb gppfhjgthce cn jcrrijthce uethff tì

jcrrijthce dijcois viry sogff geb Z `F?<Zcfvi ncr prissuri gt igj` ecbi ushea ieiray jcesirvgthce

@grby/jrcss oit`cb

Bishrib qugethty cn wgtir s`cufb

di rifhgdfy suppfhib gt tì bishrib

prissuri tc gff tì pchets cn usi

@ b J t` b


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@grby/Jrcss oit`cb7% Zkifitcehzgthce cn tì wgtir bhstrhduthce systio

‚ Jcestrujt wgtir bhstrhduthce eitwcrk cn ecbis geb fheks(oufthpfi fccps

‚ Nheb cut geb rijcrb fieat`s cn tì fheks#phpis

‚ Qcrkcut wgtir ixtrgjthces geb gbbhthces ncr gff tì ecbis

‚ Qgtir bhstrhduthce stcrgai risirvchrs geb puops gri gfsc pgrtcn tì eitwcrk

• Zurngji risirvchrs

• Ztgebphpis (tgff jyfhebrhjgf tgeks wht` twc stcrgai vcfuois& geuppir usinuf stcrgai geb g fcwir suppcrthea stcrgai

• Ifivgtib tgeks

4% Fgdif gff tì ecbis geb tì phpis& grrgeai he fccps&gssuoi nfcw bhrijthce he igj` cn tì phpis& geb gssuoi

nfcws he tì phpifheis t`rcua` wgtir dgfgejhea gt igj` cn tì ecbis ‚ Gsshae pcshthvi cr eiagthvi shaes tc hebhjgti nfcw bhrijthce

(jfcjk/whsi bhrijthce g pcshthvi shae geb geth/jfcjk/whsibhrijthce g eiagthvi shae


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\rhogry

oghes

Zijcebgry

fheis

Zogff

bhstrhduthce

fheis


45/71

@grby/Jrcss oit`cb:% Nheb bhgoitirs ncr igj` cn tì phpis

2% Jcoputi ‐K‘ vgfui 9% @igb fcss vgfui geb ìgbfcss#nfcw rgti vgfuis ncr gff tìphpis

>% Jcoputi nfcw jcrrijthce ncr igj` cn tì fccps

1% Hn tì nfcw jcrrijthce hs shaehnhjget& gbb tì nfcw jcrrijthcencr igj` cn tì phpis he fccp

‚ He jgsi cn s`grib phpis gocea tì fccps gppfy tì jcrrijthcegs difcw=

‚ Gbbhthce cn nfcw jcrrijthce jge risuft he j`geai he tì shae cn

tì nfcw (cr nfcw bhrijthce

940 aB nF K

4

g F KW`

g

F

F

W

`

`

4

fccp s`grib tì ncr jcrrijthce nfcwfccptì ncr jcrrijthce nfcwWW g


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@grby/Jrcss oit`cb0% Tipigt tì stips 2 tc > thff tì nfcw jcrrijthces ncr gff tì

fccps dijcoi heshaehnhjget

8% Ceji nfcw jcrrijthces dijcoi heshaehnhjget& nheb nfcwvifcjhthis he igj` cn tì phpis geb jìjk wìtìr tìywht`he tì gjjiptgdfi rgeai cr ect

‚ Hn ect& gbmust bhgoitirs cn gff t`csi phpis ncr hejrigshea cr

bijrigshea tì nfcw vifcjhthis7


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Bhstrhduthce#Zirvhji#Ztcrgai Tisirvchrs\urpcsis sirvib

• \rcvhbi stcrgai geb ngjhfhtgti oiithea tì whbify nfujtugthea wgtirbiogebs hopcsib ce tì wgtir bhstrhduthce systio• Qgtir hs puopib hetc tì risirvchr burhea fcw biogeb `curs&

geb brgwe cut burhea tì pigk biogeb `curs

• Rgeks gri bishaeib tc $ nfcgt$ cnn cn tì wgtir systio (oigesnfcw hetc tì tgeks hs sit gt gdcut gvirgai biogeb

• He jgsi cn tì risirvchr ce tì cppcshti ieb cn tì eitwcrk&ixjiss wgtir nfcws tc tì risirvchr

• \rcvhbis stcrgai ncr nhri nha`thea geb gfsc ncr ioiraiejy wgtirbiogebs (pcwir#puop nghfuri& ripghr& oghetiegeji'

• \rcvhbis ìgb riquhrib geb iqugfhzis cpirgthea prissuris

(oghetghes jcestget prissuri3• Qìe prissuri he tì oghes brcp nrco tì hejrigsib wgtir

biogeb& wgtir cn tì sirvhji risirvchr hs gutcogthjgffy niibhetc tì oghes

• He jgsi cn wgtir suppfy nrco g `ha` ifivgthce hopcuebib risirvchr&tì sirvhji risirvchr jge di usib tc ribuji tì wgtir prissuri


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Bhstrhduthce#Zirvhji#Ztcrgai Tisirvchrs

Tisirvchr typis• Yebirarcueb risirvchrs

• Zurngji cr arcueb fivif risirvchrs

‚ @gvi ijcecohj gbvgetgais cvir ifivgtib tgeks

‚ Yefiss fcjgtib gt `haìr ifivgthce& bc ect prcbuji tì bishribwgtir prissuri (puophea ogy di riquhrib

• Ztgebphpis=

‚ Rgff jyfhebrhjgf tgeks wht` twc stcrgai vcfuois& ge uppir usinufstcrgai geb g fcwir suppcrthea stcrgai (cntie riquhri puophea

• Ifivgtib tgeks= ‚ Tghsib gdcvi tì arcueb ce cei cr ocri suppcrthea fias

‚ rijtgeaufgr& squgri cr jhrjufgr tgeks wht` nfgt& spìrhjgf& bcois`gpib cr hetzi s`gpib dcttco

Ifivgtib risirvchrs geb Ztgebphpis


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Ifivgtib risirvchrs geb ZtgebphpisJcetheucus puops cpirgthce hs ect riquhrib / s`crt tiro puop

sùtbcwes bc ect gnnijt wgtir prissuri he bhstrhduthce systio

Cpirgthea rgeai cn wgtir fivifs he tì ifivgtib risirvchr

• Ifivgthce cn tì ogxhouo wgtir fivif he tì risirvchr hs ‚ Ohehouo gffcwgdfi prissuri he tì wgtir bhstrhduthce eitwcrk

‚ @igb fcss ditwiie tì ohehouo gffcwgdfi prissuri fcjgthce geb tìrisirvchr fcjgthce ncr tì ogxhouo `curfy nfcw jcebhthce cn gogxhouo bghfy biogeb

• Ifivgthce tc tì ohehouo wgtir fivif he tì risirvchr hs ‚ Ohehouo gffcwgdfi prissuri he tì wgtir bhstrhduthce eitwcrk

‚ @igb fcss ditwiie tì ohehouo gffcwgdfi prissuri fcjgthce geb tìrisirvchr fcjgthce ncr tì gvirgai bghfy biogeb nfcw jcebhthce

Ztgebphpis

•

Fgrai virthjgf phpis (issiethgffy viry tgff arcueb stcrgai tgeksjcopfitify nhffib wht` wgtir

• Tifgthvify fiss bishrgdfi / uefiss fcjgtib gt `haìr ifivgthce& cefytcp wgtir (69


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T h Z J h


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Tisirvchr Ztcrgai JgpgjhtyBishae hevcfvis jceshbirgthce cn strujturgf stgdhfhty& fcjgthce&

jgpgjhty geb cpirgthea rgeai cn wgtir ifivgthces& itj%

Ztcrgai jgpgjhty hs suo cn 7% Dgfgejhea stcrgai ncr iqugfhzhea tì nfujtugthea biogeb

gaghest jcestget suppfy

‚ Iqugfhzhea stcrgai ogss jurvi cn `curfy rgti cn wgtirjcesuopthce hs jcestrujtib ncr g OBB bgy

‚ 49) cn tì OBB hs usugffy tgkie gs tì dgfgejhea stcrgairiquhrib

4% Drigkbcwe cr ioiraiejy stcrgai (nghfuri cn puops& brhviscr ifijtrhjgf cutgai

‚ Ysugffy ixprissib gs pirjietgai cn Gvirgai Bgy Biogeb (49)

‚ Cdtgheib dy oufthpfyhea OBB dy g ngjtcr ‐K‘ (K vgfui vgrhisditwiie


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Oghes figbhea tc geb nrco tì risirvchr s`cufb difgrai iecua` tc `gebfi ogx% ioptyhea#nhffhea rgtis

Jcetrcf oij`gehsos s`cufb di tìri tc kiip tìtgek gs nuff gs pcsshdfi gt gff thois

Fivif rijcrbhea bivhji gt tì risirvchr jge trgesohthencrogthce tc puophea stgthce ncr puop riaufgthce

Oghetiegeji cn Ztcrgai Tisirvchrs


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Oghetiegeji cn Ztcrgai Tisirvchrs

• \rcpir oghetiegeji cn stcrgai ngjhfhthis hs issiethgf%

• Gff tgeks s`cufb `gvi tcps cr jcvirs& geb sjriies ce ghr/viets

geb cvirnfcws

• Gff tgeks s`cufb `gvi ge ixtirhcr nfcgt aguai ce tì cutshbi

• Ncr accb qugfhty wgtir& tgeks oust `gvi jcopfiti ture/cvir

• Ocst tgek nfccrs sfcpi tcwgrb g brghe

‚ R`hs brghe s`cufb di vgfvib

‚ Ht hs dist tc fcwir tì tgek gs fcw gs pcsshdfi prhcr tc brghe cut

• Gff tgeks s`cufb di brgheib& jfigeib& hespijtib gebbhshenijtib pirhcbhjgffy

‚Tiocvgf cn gey shft gjjuoufgtib gt tì dcttco cn tì tgek

‚ \irhcbhj hespijthce cn tì hetirhcrs cn tgeks

‚ Ogtirhgf geb jcgtheas usib he tì oghes& tgeks cr risirvchrss`cufb di jcrrcshce rishstget

• Rì ogtirhgfs geb jcgtheas jgushea tgsti geb cbcr& jcfcr& turdhbhty

cr tcxhjhty oust ect di usib


54/71

\uophea

• Nhvi typis cn puops gri usib he tì wgtir suppfy systio

• Fcw fhnt puops= usib tc puop wgtir nrco scurji tc QR\• @ha` sirvhji puops= usib tc puop wgtir nrco tì QR\ geb

bhsj`grai hetc tì bhstrhduthce systio uebir prissuri

• Dccstir puops= usib tc hejrigsi prissuri

•

Tijhrjufgthce puops= usib he tì QR\• Qiff puops= usib tc fhnt wgtir nrco wiffs#tudi wiffs

• Ztgthj ìgb cn g puop systio ogy vgry wht` tì nfujtugthea

wgtir fivifs he tì sujthce tgek geb he tì bhsj`grai tgek

•Ecrogf cr rgtib bhsj`grai= bhsj`grai wìe tì puop hscpirgthea gt hts ogxhouo innhjhiejy

• G puop hs usugffy cpirgtib gt 9


55/71

Nhri @ybrgets• Nhri sirvhjis usi wgtir gs nhri ixtheauhs`hea gaiet he tì nhri nha`thea

cpirgthces geb Nhri @ybrgets prcvhbi tì nhri wgtir

• Nhri wgtir systio hejfubis t`rii jcopceiets= wgtir stcrgai (hesirvhji risirvchrs& wgtir bhstrhduthce systio geb Nhri @ybrgets

• Nhri wgtir hs suppfhib tcaitìr wht` tì ouehjhpgf wgtir ‚ tìbhstrhduthce#sirvhji#stcrgai gfsc `cfbs tì nhri wgtir geb suppfhiswìe eiibib

• Ocst rifhgdfi oiges cn prcvhbhea wgtir ncr nhri nha`thea hs dybishaehea ribuebgejy hetc tì suppfy systio

• Gbiqugti nhri wgtir nfcw rgtis ncr rigscegdfi burgthce ivie wìetì risirvchr rinhffhea hs bhsruptib hs riquhrib

‚:109 F\O ncr 4 `curs he tì grigs cn ec ueusugf `gzgrbs'

‚ 78


56/71

Nhri @ybrgets• Gjjiptgdfi prissuris cn nhri wgtir systio gri >9/09 \ZH geb

tcfirgdfi rgeai cn prissuri hs 9‟ shzi

• Hestgff nhri `ybrgets gt iviry 9


57/71

Nhri @ybrgets• @ybrgets oust di shopfi geb rifhgdfi tc jceeijt geb tc cpirgti

• \rissuri rgthea s`cufb di 79< \ZH (s`cufb di stgthj prissuri tistibgt twhji tì rgtib prissuri

• Jietir cn tì `csi cutfit s`cufb di fiss t`ge 70 hej` (291 oo

gdcvi tì nhegf argbi

• fccsi& jrusìb rcjk cr argvif s`cufb di pfgjib grcueb tì `ybrgets`ci ncr brghegai purpcsis

• Nhri `ybrget s`cufb di hooibhgtify rijcaehzgdfi tc nhri sirvhjipirsceeif geb tc tì aieirgf pudfhj

• Nhri `ybrgets jge gfsc di usib tc nfus` wgtir cut cn stgaegetpcrthces cn tì bhstrhduthce systio


58/71

Nhri `ybrget pgrts


59/71

Nhri `ybrget pgrtsNhri @ybrget \grts

• Z`crt Drgej` \hpi >:oo . :0oo Bhgoitir

• Jcupfhea >:oo . :0oo Bhgoitir• \rissuri Zwhtj`=

• \rissuri Aguai=

@cusi Tiif Bruo . Z`ut cnn Eczzif=

@cusi Dcx Bcudfi Bccr=

Nhri @ybrget Nhttheas

• Fgebhea ^gfvis >:oo geb :0 oo Bhgoitir

• Nhxib Ztgeb \cst Qgtir # Ncgo Ocehtcr=

• Rwc Qgy Nhri Drhagbi Jceeijthce

•

@csi \hpi >:oo . :0oo Bhgoitir


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Nhri @ybrgets

Nhri `ybrgets gri pghetib he stgebgrb jcfcurs ncr prctijthce gebncr gist`ithj rigsces

• Ouehjhpgf geb ece/ouehjhpgf `ybrgets gri pghetib he bhnnirietjcfcurs

‚ j`rcoi yiffcw ncr ouehjhpgf `ybrgets geb rib ncr prhvgti `ybrgets

• ^hcfit cr fha`t purpfi jcfcur hs hetiregthcegf jfcur jcbi ncr ece/pctgdfi wgtir

• Dceeits geb jgps cn `ybrgets s`cufb di jcfcur jcbib tc hebhjgtinhri nfcw gvghfgdfi nrco ht gt 4


61/71

y


62/71


63/71

Zirvhji Jceeijthces


64/71

Zirvhji Jceeijthces


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Qgtir Oitirs

Issiethgf tc bitirohei qugethty cn wgtir prcbujib dy QR\ gebqugethty cn wgtir jcesuoib dy justcoirs (eiibib ncr dhffhea

• Oitirs ìfp he bitirohehea figks geb drigks he tìbhstrhduthce systio

•

Oitirs ogki justcoir jcesjhcus geb jcesirvi wgtirQgtir oitirs gri cn twc jgtiacrhis= oghe fhei oitirs geb

justcoir oitirs

• Oghefhei oitirs (2 typis

• îeturh& Crhnhji& îfcjhty& geb \htct tudi%

• Justcoir oitirs (: typis

• pcshthvi bhspfgjioiet& jcopcueb& geb nhri fhei


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Qgtir Oitirs

\cshthvi bhspfgjioiet oitirs• Jgpgdfi cn oigsurhea sogff nfcws wht` `ha` gjjurgjy

• Jcuets tì euodir cn thois g j`godir hs nhffib geb iopthib

• Rìsi oitirs nghf hn tìri gri sibhoiets cr fccsi sjgfis he wgtir

• Rìsi nghf hn tìri hs rifgthvify sogff ) hejrigsi gdcvi rgtib nfcw

Jurriet oitirs= Oigsuri nfcw vifcjhty t`rcua` g kecwe grig

Jcopcueb oitirs=

• Jcodhegthce cn bhspfgjioiet oitirs geb jurriet oitirs

• Gt fcw nfcw rgtis& tìsi wcrk fhki bhspfgjioiet oitirs& geb wìe

nfcw rigjìs pribitiroheib vgfui& tìsi cpirgti fhki jurriet oitirs

• Rìsi gri viry gjjurgti geb ect drckie dy fgrai nfcws

Rì nhri fhei oitir= G spijhgf kheb cn jcopcueb oitir%

Nfcw oigsurioiet


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Nfcw oigsurioietTijtgeafi Qihrs=

• Jcetrgjtib= Nfcw& W ? :%:: (F / 1 F(@7%9

W ? Nfcw& judhj niit pir sijcebF ? Fieat` cn jrist& niit

@ ? Ypstrigo `igb& niit

^/Ectj` Qihrs=

• 8

• >

• 29! ^/ectj`= Nfcw& W ? 7%@ ? Ypstrigo `igb& niit


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Qgtir `gooir


70/71

Qgtir `gooir

t J I b k

J

a

^ J @

7

7249<%ogx

@ogx% Ogx% wgtir `gooir prissuri (o ‚ cjjursw`ie jfcsuri thoi hs ≢ jrhthjgf jfcsuri thoi

Hejrigshea gjtugf jfcsuri thoi bijrigsis wgtir

`gooir prissuriJ hs vifcjhty cn t`i prissuri wgvi#s`cjk wgvi(o#sij%

@ha` ncr rhahb phpis/ rhahb phpis= 7:1


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• Ogey wgtir suppfy systios& bui tc ijcecohj rigsces& bc ect`gvi 42/`cur bghfy wgtir sirvhji

• Jrigtis rhsk cn henhftrgthce cn pcffutib wgtir hetc t`i wgtir fheis

• tc jcuetir t`hs rhsk& rishbugf j`fcrhei (

water transmission and distribution systems

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