Water Resources Management in the region of Orestiada

Quality of Surface Water

Arvaniti Eleni

Kakos Stelios

Papantoniou Manolis

Paraskevopoulou Magda

The region of Orestiada

r. Evros

r. Ardas

r. Erithropotamos

r. Ardas

r. Ardas

r. Ardas

Chemical Analyses

Chemical analyses are conducted by the Institute of Geological Researches as concerned the physical – chemical parameters, the ions and some elements in very small quantities. Samples are taken from the rivers Evros and Ardas.

Code Number Place Use

ΡΑ1 (r. Ardas) Kastanies Irrigation

ΡΑ2 (r. Ardas) Rizia None

ΡΑ3 (r. Ardas) Elea None

ΡΑ4 (r. Ardas) Komara None

ΡΑ5 (r. Ardas) Ardas Dam Irrigation

ΡΕ1 (r. Evros) Ormenio None

ΡΕ2 (r. Evros) Marasia None

ΡΕ3 (r. Evros) Vissa Irrigation

Places of Sampling

Places of Sampling

PA1

PA2PA3

PA4PA5

PE1

PE2

PE3

Physical – Chemical Parameters

  Physical – Chemical Parameters

  Temperature pH Conductivity Hardness Alkaline

Units °C

-μS/cm (20°C)

mg/lCaCO3

mg/lCaCO3

Maximum Limits - - - - -

ΡΑ1 (r. Ardas) 21,0 8,69 269 102,0 43,0

ΡΑ2 (r. Ardas) 21,0 8,13 219 92,0 61,0

ΡΑ3 (r. Ardas) 20,0 8,78 225 96,0 52,0

ΡΑ4 (r. Ardas) 20,0 8,92 180 70,0 37,0

ΡΑ5 (r. Ardas) 19,5 8,06 405 200,2 119,0

ΡΕ1 (r. Evros) 20,0 10,01 523 141,8 -

ΡΕ2 (r. Evros) 20,0 9,75 493 131,9 9,0

ΡΕ3 (r. Evros) 20,0 8,55 450 145,8 51,0

MIN 19,5 8,1 180,0 70,0 9,0

MAX 21,0 10,0 523,0 200,2 119,0

AVERAGE 20,2 8,9 345,5 122,5 53,1

Ions  + ions - ions

  Ca+2 Mg+2 Na+ K+ NH4+ HCO3

- Cl- SO4-2 NO3

- NO2-

Units mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l

Maximum Limits - 50 150 12 0,5 - 200 250 50 0,1

ΡΑ1 (r. Ardas) 26,5 8,8 17,0 4,0 0,09 52,5 17,7 61,4 2,2 0,00

ΡΑ2 (r. Ardas) 25,7 6,8 15,0 4,0 0,08 74,4 14,2 51,6 1,8 0,00

ΡΑ3 (r. Ardas) 26,5 7,3 14,0 4,0 0,10 63,4 17,7 51,7 0,9 0,00

ΡΑ4 (r. Ardas) 18,4 5,8 10,0 3,0 0,10 45,1 10,6 42,1 1,3 0,00

ΡΑ5 (r. Ardas) 64,1 9,7 14,0 3,0 0,04 145,2 10,6 80,0 7,9 0,18

ΡΕ1 (r. Evros) 25,7 19,0 40,0 6,0 0,21 <0 24,8 80,0 2,2 0,04

ΡΕ2 (r. Evros) 28,1 15,1 40,0 6,0 0,21 11,0 31,9 80,0 4,0 0,01

ΡΕ3 (r. Evros) 27,3 19,0 40,0 6,0 0,21 62,2 42,5 80,0 0,9 0,01

MIN 18,4 5,8 10,0 3,0 0,0 11,0 10,6 42,1 0,9 0,0

MAX 64,1 19,0 40,0 6,0 0,2 145,2 42,5 80,0 7,9 0,2

AVERAGE 30,3 11,4 23,8 4,5 0,1 64,8 21,3 65,9 2,6 0,0

Elements in small quantitiesElements in small quantities

  Fe Zn Cu Mn Pb Cd F- Al Ni As Cr B Br-

Units μg/l μg/l μg/l μg/l μg/l μg/l μg/l μg/l μg/l μg/l μg/l μg/l μg/l

Maximum Limits 200 5.000 3.000 50 50 5 1.500 200 50 50 50 1.000

-

ΡΑ1 (r. Ardas) 110 20 0 30 0 0 220 100 0 <1 0 300 10

ΡΑ2 (r. Ardas) 90 20 0 20 0 0 200 100 0 <1 0 300 30

ΡΑ3 (r. Ardas) 60 20 0 30 0 0 240 100 0 <1 0 300 20

ΡΑ4 (r. Ardas) 70 30 10 40 0 0 250 100 0 1 0 300 20

ΡΑ5 (r. Ardas) 16 - - 22 - - - - - - - - -

ΡΕ1 (r. Evros) 5 72 5 7 - - - - - - - - -

ΡΕ2 (r. Evros) 13 70 5 15 - - - - - - - - -

ΡΕ3 (r. Evros) 10 31 5 12 - - - - - - - - -

MIN 5 20 0 7 0 0 200 100 0 1 0 300 10

MAX 110 72 10 40 0 0 250 100 0 1 0 300 30

AVERAGE 47 38 4 22 0 0 228 100 0 1 0 300 20

Sodium Adsorption Relation (SAR) and Alkaline Index (% Na) indicate the suitability of water for irrigation.

SAR<6 or Alkaline Index<20 means that the quality of water for irrigation is excellent.

SAR and Alkaline Index

SAR and Alkaline Index

SAR ALKALINE INDEX

ΡΑ1 (r. Ardas) 0,73 29,22

ΡΑ2 (r. Ardas) 0,68 29,10

ΡΑ3 (r. Ardas) 0,62 27,04

ΡΑ4 (r. Ardas) 0,52 26,77

ΡΑ5 (r. Ardas) 0,43 14,64

ΡΕ1 (r. Evros) 1,46 40,02

ΡΕ2 (r. Evros) 1,51 41,78

ΡΕ3 (r. Evros) 1,44 39,35

MIN 0,4 14,6

MAX 1,5 41,8

AVERAGE 0,9 31,0

Water Distribution

53%47%

• 53 % of water for irrigation comes from surface water

• 47 % of water for irrigation comes from water drills

Waste Water Treatment

There is a unit of waste water treatment in Orestiada that accepts 3.000 m3/day of waste water. Having been treated, they are discharged in a canal which finally ends in r. Evros.

Waste Water Parameters

Physical–Chemical Parameters Inlet Outlet

pH 7,59 7,78

Θ (C) 15,48 16,52

BOD (mg/l) 314,00 5,50

COD (mg/l) 567,00 31,00

N-NH4 (mg/l) 61,00 0,30

P-PO4 (mg/l) 24,33 0,52

Conclusions

• The water of r. Evros in contrast with this of r. Ardas is overloaded with SO4

-2 as it comes into Greece. This may happen because Bulgarian plants throw their waste in r. Evros. Afterwards, the concentration of SO4

-2 is getting lower because of its mixing with r. Ardas, r. Erithropotamos and Turkish r. Tountzas.

Conclusions

• SAR is lower than 6 in all the samples and Alkaline Index varies between 20 and 40. This means that the quality of surface water in the region of Orestiada is very good and the water is suitable for irrigation.

• Repeated chemical analyses are necessary because there are suspicions that Bulgarian plants pollute r. Evros with radio – active waste which finally end in Thracian Sea (North Aegean Sea).

• The values of parameters for the treated waste water show that their discharge in the r. Evros does not create any problem.

Conclusions