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Water pollution in Canterbury, New ZealandFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected from Water pollution in the Canterbury Region )

The Canterbury Region is in th e South Island of New Zealand.

Water pollution in Canterbury in New Zealand has become a notable environmental issue duein a large part to the burgeoning dairy industry.

Water resources are under the jurisdiction of the Canterbury Regional Council (Ecan) underthe Resource Management Act (RMA), and water abstraction and use for irrigation requiresa resource consent . There is opposition to new irrigation schemes since they are seen toexacerbate water pollution.

The municipal water supply for Christchurch, sourced from the aquifers beneath the city, is

untreated. This is unusual for a city of its size.Contents

[hide ]

1 Background 2 Issues 3 Mitigation 4 Prosecutions 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading

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8 External links

Background [edit ] Due to the rain shadow effect of the Southern Alps the rainfall in Canterbury is lower than manyother parts of the country at 500 700 mm per year .[1] Water from melting snow and ice and fromrainfall drain into the predominantly braided rivers on the Canterbury Plains . The rivers rechargethe aquifers beneath the plains.

The Canterbury Region was traditionally arable and livestock farming but there have been a largenumber of dairy conversions in the region. In recent years there has been a huge expansionin dairy farming throughout the South Island .[2] Dairy farming requires the intensive use of waterand it is placing a high demand on water resources in the Canterbury Region.

Issues [edit ]

A water pollution sign on th eWaimakariri River in 2004.

The rivers and groundwater are being polluted with nitrates and E. coli and proposed irrigationschemes can increase the pollution levels. Nitrate concentrations in the groundwater are abovethe drinking water standards in some areas and elevated levels are widespread. EnvironmentCanterbury's 2010 groundwater quality survey indicated that nitrate concentrations had increasedin about one-third of the wells sampled during the past 10 years. Particularly of concern were theSelwyn, Ashburton and Orari-Opihi-Pareora areas. Of 322 wells sampled, 34 had concentrationsof nitrate exceeding the maximum acceptable value for drinking-water standards .[3]

Inorganic nutrients, an indication of water quality, are considered to be low but increase closer to

the coast. For 2000-2001 28% of tested sites were classed as "alert" due to the presence oforganic pollutants .[4]

Water pollution of the two rivers flowing through the city of Christchurch , the Avon andthe Heathcote , is of concern. Untreated sewerage can flow into the rivers during times of highrainfall. The estuary where the two rivers discharge had received treated water fromthe sewerage treatment plant that processed the city's sewerage. However, a pipeline wasconstructed to discharge the water into Pegasus Bay . It became operational in 2010 .[5]

The Central Plains Water scheme is a large-scale proposal for water diversion, damming,reticulation and irrigation over an area of 60,000 ha. Other proposed schemes will irrigate anaddition 90,000 ha .[4] A scheme to dam the Hurunui River to create water storage for irrigationattracted large scale opposition due in part to the possibility of increased water pollution. Theresource consent application for the dams were put on hold.

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A large number of resource consent applications for intensive dairy farming in the MackenzieBasin attracted opposition due in part to the potential effects on water quality .[6] The resourceconsents were called in under the RMA by the Minister for the Environment Nick Smith .[7]

Cheviot has been on a boil water notice since October 2004 .[8]

Dunsandel had an untreated water supply but in 2009 E. coli was found in the 70 metre deep wellthat supplies the town. Effluent from dairy cows is suspected to be the cause of the pollution .[9]

Mitigation [edit ] The Dairying and Clean Streams Accord was set up by Fonterra and a number of governmentagencies as a means of reducing nonpoint source pollution . The Accord is criticised for notachieving its goals .[10]

Prosecutions [edit ] In recent years prosecutions have been made for causing water pollution:

2009 - Philip Curry was fined $5,000 after pleading guilty to discharging effluent onto landthat may have resulted in contaminants entering nearby Barry's Bay Stream .[11]

2009 - Corlette Holdings was fined $10,000 after pleading guilty to two charges ofdischarging effluent from an irrigator resulted in ponding and a second charge of effluentbeing discharged, which may have resulted in contaminated water .[12]

2010 - A prosecution against Brook Farms and Mosbro Farms in Ashburton waswithdrawn after they agreed to mitigate the effects of the effluent discharge .[13]

In 2012, Springston dairy farm company, White Gold Ltd, was fined a record $90,000after illegally discharging 45,000 litres of diluted dairy effluent over a three-day period in2010. The public reported the dairy effluent flowing into waterways that flowed into LakeEllesmere .[14]

See also [edit ]

Canterbury Water Management Strategy Water pollution in New Zealand Water in New Zealand Environment of New Zealand Agriculture in New Zealand

References [edit ] 1. Jump up^

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