water needs in the middle east region shimon tal

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Water needs in the Middle East Region

___________________________

Shimon Tal

Water needs in the Middle East Water needs in the Middle East Region Region

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Shimon TalShimon Tal

R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P --- Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007

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The Extent of Water Shortage


3R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P --- Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007

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The Extent of Water Shortage

200 m200 m33/y/capita /y/capita –– 40% of 40% of ““Shortage Red Shortage Red

LineLine”” of UNof UN

2025 2025 –– Domestic and Municipal needs Domestic and Municipal needs

onlyonly

Complicated OperationComplicated Operation


5Extreme Scarcity

<500

Scarcity

500-1,000

Stress

1,000-1,700

Adequate

1,700-4,000

Abundant

4,000-10,000

Surplus

>10,000

Ocean/

Inland Water

No Data

m3/person/year

Water Availability: 1975Water Availability: 1975Water Availability: 2000Water Availability: 2000Water Availability: 2025Water Availability: 2025Sub-national Water Availability: 2003

©2005 Cola-Cola Company. All rights Reserved

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Water Demand in the Region 2020

Population 24 M (Jordan, Palestinians, Israel)

Demand 5.1 BCM/Year 2.6 BCM/Year Agricultural

2.1 BCM/Year Domestic

0.4 BCM/ Year Industrial

Resources 5.1 BCM/Year 1.1 BCM/Year Recycled effluents

2.65 BCM/Year Natural resources

1.35 BCM/Year Manufactured water

Additional 80 MCM/year


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Red

Sea

Mediterranean

Sea

Dead Sea -420 m BSL

2000 mcm/y

Deslination Plant 850 mcm/y

200 km

Red-Sea Dead-Sea Canal

ISR

P.AJRD

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Regional Relationships and Solutions

Redistribution of scarce natural water Redistribution of scarce natural water

resources is not a solution in Waterresources is not a solution in Water--

Stressed Environments. Stressed Environments.

Water should be aWater should be a catalystcatalyst forfor

cooperationcooperation and not a cause for and not a cause for

arguments and disputes.arguments and disputes.


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Sustainable Approach - Objectives, Plans, Actions

Reliable Water Supply to meet all

needs

Improvement the efficiency of water

use

Significant improvements towards

conservation of the quality of natural water

resources & water systems

Institutional, administrative and

legal modifications to meet new approach


10

Sustainability in Water Sector

Natural Resources

Quantity, Quality

Rivers, Floods,

Springs, Aquifers

WATER

RESOURCES

WATER

DEMAND

Manufactured Resources

New Water Resources

Treated Wastewater

Efficient Use

Essential needs and Quality of

Life

Domestic

Municipal

Industry

Public Requirements

National Interests

Agriculture (Open Lands, Congestion of

Population, Guarding of Borders, Keeping

National Lands)

Nature Purposes

Peace Process


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Production of Manufactured Fresh Water Resources in Large Scales

Sea Water Desalination Projects

In operation

Under construction

Tender process

Planned

Shomrat

30 MCM

Hadera

100 MCM

Palmakhim

30 MCM

Ashdod

45 MCM

Shafdan up to

200 MCM

Ashkelon 108 MCM In Operation


Special site for P.A. and

Jordan

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Desalinated Sea Water Cost Range

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

YEAR

cent/m3

Ashkelon

Palmachim,

Haifa bayEilat

LARGE SWRO DESALINATION PLANTS

SMALL SWRO DESALINATION PLANTS

Trinidad

Larnaca

Malta

Source: ADAN

2010 ~300 MCM/y; 20% of Natural 2010 ~300 MCM/y; 20% of Natural

Water ResourcesWater Resources

20 Mg/l Chloride; 50Mg/l TDS; 0.4 20 Mg/l Chloride; 50Mg/l TDS; 0.4

Mg/l BoronMg/l Boron


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Reuse of All Sewage Effluents

Reuse of 510 MCM/Year in 2010 Reuse of 510 MCM/Year in 2010 (340 today)(340 today)

Sewage effluents for Agriculture Sewage effluents for Agriculture –– 50% 50%

of allocations in 2010of allocations in 2010

Tertiary treatment Tertiary treatment –– unrestricted unrestricted

irrigationirrigation

Nutrients and Salt RemovalNutrients and Salt Removal


14

The development of water consumption in

Agriculture (M.C.M)

0

500

1000

1500

198019902001

total potable water marginal water


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Sustainability in Water Sector

%of Natural

Resources

TotalMCM/Y

Sewage

EffluentsMCM/Y

DesalinationMCM/Y

YearMCM/Y

18%28028002000

30%4603401202005

56%8755103652010


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Water Conservation

Must become a way of life in our region! Must become a way of life in our region! Must become a way of life in our region!

� Advanced Technologies for Irrigation

– L.V. I. (Low Volume Irrigation)

Cheapest most available source of water

Education and Publicity

� Water Recycling (Grey Water, Car Wash)

� Water Saving Devices

Saving Water Technologies:


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Water Saving in Agricultural Sector

2.02

1.000.98

1.15

1.381.43

1.31

1.47 1.56

1.661.64

1.551.59

1.911.98

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.7

1.9

2.1

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Source: Israel Farmer’s Federation

Production per Water Unit



Water and ConflictWater and Conflict

“Fierce competition for fresh water may well become a source of

conflict and wars in the future”

Kofi Annan, March 2001


Water and ConflictWater and ConflictWater and Cooperation

“But the water problems of our world need not be only a cause

of tension;

They can also be a catalyst for cooperation

….If we work together, a secure and sustainable water future

can be ours”

Kofi Annan, February 2002

water needs in the middle east region shimon tal

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