Water Industry In India: Emerging Challenges and

Opportunities

Company ProfileMaruti Suzuki India Ltd.

• Production: 1.2 Million / annum• Market Share : ~ 42 %• Products

– 800 cc– Alto– Omni– ECCO– Ertiga– Estilo– Wagon-R– A –Star– Swift– Ritz– Dzire – SX4– Gypsy– Kizashi– GrandVitara

Gurgaon Plant

Manesar Plant

Focus Areas ….

• Sustainable Development• Life Cycle Emissions from Design stage

– Production Processes at plants and Vendors– Product Use Emission– End of life

Water Scenario

• India has a population of 1 billion

• 70% of irrigation & 80% of Domestic needs is met through Ground water

• Per Capita Water water availability is likely to fall to 1000 cubic meters per year in 2020 as compared to 2000 cubic meters per year in 1997.

ACase Study

On Maruti Suzuki

Fresh Water consumption

61% reduction in last 10 years61% reduction in last 10 years

Water Usage In Industry

WATERTREATMENT

PLANT

TUBE WELL

CANAL

POTABLE

INDUSTRIAL

DEMINERALIZED

Water Treatment SchemeFire Hydrant Air Washer Potable w ater Industrial w ater DM w ater Horticulture

Fresh Water(Tube w ell / Canal w ater)

Waste w ater

Fresh Water

Dilu

tion

Toilet w ater

Biological Sludge for Horticulture

Inorganic Sludge to

Hazradous Waste Pit

Drain to HSIDC drain (if excess w ater )

RO

Reje

ct

Raw Water Tank

Pre Treatment RO Mixed Bed

RO

Primary + Secondary Treatment

Effluent Tank

Sew age Tank

Dilution Tank Horticulture Tank

Pre Treatment

Primary Treatment

Domestic Use

Process Use

STP

ETP

ETP & STP treated water

Fresh Fresh WaterWater

Waste Water In Industry

The Water (Prevention and Control) Act The Water (Prevention and Control) Rules The Water (Prevention and Control) Cess Act The Water (Prevention and Control) Cess RulesEnvironment Protection Act Environment Protection Rule

Legal Framework for Waste Water Control

Legal Framework for Waste Water Discharge Standards

S. No Parameter

Standard

S. No Parameter

Standard

Surface WaterPublic Sewer

Land for Irrigation

Surface Water

Public Sewer

Land for Irrigation

1 Colour and odour - - - 19 Total chromium (as Cr) (mg/L) 2.0 2.0 -

2 Suspended solids (mg/L) 100 600 200 20 Copper (as Cu) (mg/L) 3.0 3.0 -5 pH value 5.5 – 9.0 5.5 – 9.0 5.5 – 9.0 21 Zinc (as Zn) (mg/L) 5.0 15 -6 Temperature - - 22 Selenium (as Se) (mg/L) 0.05 0.05 -7 Oil & Grease (mg/L) 10 20 10 23 Nickel (as Ni) (mg/L) 3.0 3.0 -

8 Total residual chlorine (mg/L) 1.0 - - 27 Cyanide (as CN) (mg/L) 0.2 2.0 0.2

9Ammonical nitrogen (as N)

(mg/L)50 50 - 29 Fluoride (as F) (mg/L) 2.0 15.0 -

10 Total kjeldahl nitrogen (mg/L) 100 - - 30 Diss. phosphate (as P) (mg/L) 5.0 - -

11 Free ammonia (as NH3) (mg/L) 5.0 - - 32 Sulphide (as S) (mg/L) 2.0 - -

12 BOD (mg/L) 30 350 100 33 Phenol compounds (mg/L) 1.0 5.0 -

13 COD (mg/L) 250 - - 35Bio-assay test(Fish survival

rate after 96 Hrs)90% 90% 90 %

14 Arsenic (as As) (mg/L) 0.2 0.2 0.2 36 Manganese (as Mn) (mg/L) 2 2 -15 Mercury (as Hg) (mg/L) 0.01 0.01 - 37 Iron (as Fe) (mg/L) 3 3 -16 Lead (as Pb) (mg/L) 0.1 1.0 - 38 Vanadium (as V) (mg/L) 0.2 0.2 -17 Cadmium (as Cd) (mg/L) 2.0 1.0 - 39 Nitrate nitrogen (mg/L) 10 - -

18Hexa. chromium (as Cr+6)

mg/L0.1 2.0 -

1. Public Sewer2. Surface Water 3. Use for Horticulture

Target

100% recycle

Zero Discharge

Use for • Process• Horticulture

Zero Discharge of effluent

Domestic Use

Process Use

STP

ETP

ETP & STP treated water

Tertiary Treatment

Fresh Fresh WaterWater

Use for Horticulture

Water Consumption Trend

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

M3/

Veh

Year

Water Consumption per Vehicle

Raw.Water M3/Veh Recy.Water M3/Veh

Zero Discharge of Effluent

Domestic Use

Process Use

STP

ETP

ETP & STP treated water

Tertiary Treatment

Fresh Fresh WaterWater

1. 30% water Rejection2. High TDS of Water

Use for Horticulture

High Pressure membrane

•Reverse Osmosis•Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process

Membrane Separation

Desalination Technologies

High Pressure Membrane

A VSEP filter uses oscillatory vibration to create high shear at the surface of the filter membrane. This high shear force significantly improves the filter’s resistance to fouling thereby enabling high throughputs and minimizing reject volumes. VSEP feed stream are split into two products—a permeate stream with little or no solids and a concentrate stream with a solids concentration much higher than that of the original feed stream.

High Pressure Membrane Vibratory Shear Enhanced

Process

Electrically Driven Processes

•Electrodialysis•Electrodeionization

High Pressure membrane

•Reverse Osmosis•Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process

Membrane Separation

Desalination Technologies

Electrically Driven Processes

Electrically Driven Processes

Electrodeionization Electrodialysis

Electrically Driven Processes

•Electrodialysis•Electrodeionization

High Pressure membrane

•Reverse Osmosis•Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process

Novel Membrane Processes

•Membrane Distillation

Membrane Separation

Desalination Technologies

Membrane Distillation

Electrically Driven Processes

•Electrodialysis•Electrodeionization

High Pressure membrane

•Reverse Osmosis•Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process

Novel Membrane Processes

•Membrane Distillatiion

Thermal Technologies

Vapour RecompressionMulti-effect distillation

Membrane Separation

Desalination Technologies

Multiple Effect Evaporator Mechanical Vapor Recompression Evaporator

Thermal Distillation Technologies

Electrically Driven Processes

•Electrodialysis•Electrodeionization

High Pressure membrane

•Reverse Osmosis•Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process

Novel Membrane Processes

•Membrane Distillation

Thermal Technologies

Vapour RecompressionMulti-effect distillation

Non Thermal

EvaporationCrystallizer

Membrane Separation

Desalination Technologies

It contains two key components,

•Stage to convert water to high TDS

• Chemical and Mechanical process on the concentrated brine to precipitate salt crystals out of it.

Non-thermal Brine Concentrator Crystallizer

Rain Water Harvesting

Rain Water Harvesting (Scheme)

Coarse Sand

Gravel

Boulders

Borewell

Slotted Pipes

Gravel packing

Water filled Lagoon

Lagoon filled with rain water

Thank You !!!Thank You !!!

STP –Process Flow

Bar Screen

Equalization Tank

Primary Settlement Aeration Secondary

Settlement Sodium Hypochlorite

Dosing

Multi Grade Filter (MGF)

Activated Carbon Filter

(ACF)

SoftenerTreated Water Tank

Sludge Dewatering(Filter Press)

Sludge Holding Tank

Raw Sewage