water: hydrologic cycle and human use
DESCRIPTION
Water: Hydrologic Cycle and Human Use. Warm-up. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 35yeVwigQcc. The World’s Fresh Water. 9.25 trillion gallons 69.6% - 6.44 million trillion gallons are frozen in ice sheets, glaciers, permanent snow cover and permafrost. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Water: Hydrologic Cycle and Human Use
Warm-up
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35yeVwigQcc
The World’s Fresh Water 9.25 trillion gallons
69.6% - 6.44 million trillion gallons are frozen in ice sheets, glaciers, permanent snow cover and permafrost.
30.1% - 2.78 million trillion gallons are beneath the ground in soil and aquifers.
0.3% - 31,341 trillion gallons are in lakes, rivers, wetlands – Also includes water in plants, animals, and the atmosphere.
Water: A Vital Resource
The Water Cycle
A
B
G
I
F
Ground waterloop
Surface runoffloop
EvapotranspirationloopC
E
D
H
Stores and Flows in the Cycle
Human Impacts on the Water Cycle
Changing the Earth’s surface Floods Climate change Atmospheric pollution Withdrawing water supplies
Groundwater
Decreased infiltration Increased runoff Decreased groundwater recharge
Human Impacts on the Hydrologic Cycle
Water Uses – 2/3 used to grow food
MEAT
1,857 gallons of water to produce 1 pound of beef
756 gallons of water to produce 1 pound of pork
469 gallons of water to produce 1 pound of chicken
To raise a cow or a steer in our industrial production system…
808,400 gallons of water for 18,700 pounds of pasture feed and hay
+ 6,300 gallons for drinking
+ 1,900 gallons for cleaning
=816,600 gallons used during the lifetime of the animal
Animal Products 1,382 gallons of water to produce 1 pound
of sausage 589 gallons of water to produce 1 pound of
processed cheese 400 gallons of water to produce 1 pound of
eggs 371 gallons of water to produce 1 pound of
fresh cheese 138 gallons of water to produce 1 pound of
yogurt
Fruits & Veggies185 gallons of water to produce 1 lb. of cherries103 gallons of water to produce 1 lb. of bananas84 gallons of water to produce 1 lb. of apples78 gallons of water to produce 1 lb. of grapes55 gallons of water to produce 1 lb. of oranges33 gallons of water to produce 1 lb. of strawberries
Common Goods 2,900 gallons to produce 1 pair of blue jeans 2,800 gallons to produce 1 cotton bed sheet 766 gallons to produce 1 cotton T-shirt 634 gallons to produce 1 hamburger 53 gallons to produce 1 glass of milk 37 gallons to produce 1 cup of coffee 9 gallons to produce 1 cup of tea
So there were 2 fish swimming in a river…… One fish runs into a concrete wall and says…
DAM!!
Funny Dam story.
Dams: Disrupt Integrity of River System Above the dam
Flooding Sediment deposition Loss of functional floodplain
Below the dam Loss of normal river flow patterns Loss of river biota Loss of functional floodplain
DAM! Dam projects have displaced up to 80
million people worldwide. The Itaipu dam in South America cost $18
billion and took 17 years to build. The weight of the 3 gorges reservoir tilted
the Earth’s axis nearly and inch!
Hoover Dam – Colorado River on the border of Arizona and Nevada (Lake Mead)
DAM!
Itaipu Dam 3 Gorges Dam
China’s 3 Gorges Dam
Consequences of Overdrawing Groundwater Falling water tables Diminishing surface waters (wetlands) Land subsidence Saltwater intrusion
Aquifer Exploitation
Groundwater use exceeds aquifer recharge
Many remaining aquifers are heavily polluted
Saltwater Intrusion
Using Less Water
Irrigation Surge flow Drip irrigation $$$$
Municipal uses Incentives and regulations limiting water use Gray water
Desalting Seawater
Reverse osmosis Distillation
National Water Policy
Promote water efficiency Reduce or eliminate water subsidies Charge polluters Add watershed management to pricing of
water
While Americans use about 100 gallons of water at home each day…
Millions of the world’s poorest subsist on fewer than 5 gallons per day.
46% of people on Earth do not have water piped to their homes.
Women in developing countries walk and average of 3.7 miles to get water.
In 15 years, 1.8 billion people will live in regions of severe water scarcity.
1 out of 8 people lack access to clean water 3.3 million dies from water-related illnesses each
year
Recreation More Americans fish than play golf or
tennis. The U.S. recreational boating industry
generated $33.6 billion in 2008. In Florida, 3,000 gallons are used to
water the grass for each golf game played.
U.S. swimming pools lose 150 billion gallons every year to evaporation.