water erosion: how do processes involving water change earth’s surface?
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Water Erosion: How do processes involving water change Earth’s surface?. What is the MAJOR agent of erosion that has shaped Earth’s land surface? moving water. Water moving over land’s surface is called runoff . This may cause sheet erosion. The amount of - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Water Erosion:
How do processes involving water change Earth’s
surface?
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What is the MAJOR agent of erosion that has shaped Earth’s land surface? moving water
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Water moving over land’s surface is called runoff.
This may cause sheet erosion.
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The amount of water runoff in an area
depends on5 main factors:
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1. The amount of rain an area receives.
2. Vegetation - grasses, shrubs & trees reduce runoff
3. Type of soil - some absorb more water than others
4. Shape of the land – steep slopes have more run-off, which causes more erosion
5. How people use the land – parking lots & crop removal increase run-off
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Runoff overtime:
How does runoff over time affect the
land and water?
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Rills & GulliesRills are tiny grooves in the soil that grow larger forming gullies.
A gully is a large groove or channel in the soil that carries runoff after a storm. It moves soil & rocks.
Gullies only contain water after it rains.
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Rills
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Gullies
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Streams & Rivers
Gullies join together to form a larger channel called a stream.
Water continuously flows here and rarely dries up.
Small streams may be called creeks or brooks.
Small streams flow together to form a large stream called a river.
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Rill, Gully, Stream
StreamGully erosion in a pasture. Image by NRCS
Rill erosion at a construction site. Image by M. Mamo, Labels added by UNL
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TributariesStreams grow together by getting water from tributaries.
A tributary is a stream or river that flows into a larger river.
An example: The Missouri & Ohio rivers are tributaries of the Mississippi river.
Tributaries collect their water from the drainage basin or watershed.
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Rivers & Tributaries
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://knol.google.com/k/-/-/3ajhc7zrwtav1/c1ssz4/figure-1%2520(2).bmp&imgrefurl=http://knol.google.com/k/new-orleans-the-geologic-difficulties-with-the-big-easy-part-1&usg=___SPqqMAUDGF2VVgD-x0Wwvs-5xk=&h=394&w=432&sz=31&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=ShJceJzlrtYlWM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3DMississippi%2Briver%2Band%2Bits%2Btributaries%26hl%3Den%26um%3D1
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Rivers cause erosion and create valleys, waterfalls, and flood plains.
Rivers form on steep mountain slopes.
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How do they flow? Quickly & follow a narrow path
How do they erode? Rapidly
The result is that rivers form deep, V-shaped valleys.
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Valleys
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cgz.e2bn.net/e2bn/leas/c99/schools/cgz/accounts/staff/rchambers/GeoBytes%2520GCSE%2520Blog%2520Resources/Images/Rivers/V-shapedvalley.jpg&imgrefurl=http://geobytesgcse.blogspot.com/2006/11/upper-course-of-river-v-shaped-valleys.html&usg=__Hp8C8YOunbWzJy9E7kbQcOiURzA=&h=308&w=411&sz=47&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=giwF1FppYFy8zM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=154&ei=-kk2TfKtEMH68AbI__2tBA&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dv-shaped%2Bvalley%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D531%26tbs%3Disch:10%2C35&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=247&vpy=77&dur=701&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=161&ty=116&oei=g0k2TbG1L4T58Aa8nOC7Aw&esq=12&page=1&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0&biw=1280&bih=531
http://images.travelpod.com/users/the-boy_picot/3.1149265860.580x-nice-v-shaped-valley.jpg
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Features of rivers:
What features are formed by erosion
along a river?
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WaterfallsOccur where?
Where a river meets an area of hard & slowly eroding rock
Then flows over softer rock downstream.
How does softer rock erode? What results from this erosion? The softer rock erodes away faster & a waterfall develops.
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Waterfalls at the Plitvicka Jezera National Park in Croatia Minnehaha Falls,
Minneapolis Minnesotahttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://realestate-inminnesota.com/images/Minneapolis.jpg&imgrefurl=http://realestate-inminnesota.com/&usg=__kBY-WaWcelJlC-sNAEDq6zr8eLY=&h=599&w=800&sz=162&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=WO5G4jC_rIKDMM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dminnehaha%2Bfalls,%2Bmn%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1
Waterfalls
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Flood Plain
What is a flood plain?A wide valley in which a river flows
What happens to the land during a flood?The water in the river over flows its banks into this wide river valley area.
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Flood Plain
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Deposits by rivers are made as the water slows down and the fine particles settle in the river bed.
Larger stones quit rolling and sliding.
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Deposits by Rivers:
What features result from
deposition along a river?
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Deltas
Deltas form when sediments are deposited where a river flows into an ocean or a lake. This landform is built up as the sediments drop.
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Deltas
http://www.dmcii.com/disasters/new_orleans/mississippi_delta.jpg
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Soil may also be added to Flood Plains during floods as sediments are deposited.
This new soil added to the area makes the river valley fertile.
Forests and crops may be grown here.