WATER SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH CONSERVATION

Naeem QureshiNaeem Qureshi

Progressive Consulting Engineers, Inc.Progressive Consulting Engineers, Inc.www.pce.comwww.pce.com1

Save Water

Every Drop Counts

Presentation Outline

Water FactsWater Facts

Typical Household Water UseTypical Household Water Use

Why Conservation is ImportantWhy Conservation is Important

Water Conservation ProgramsWater Conservation Programs

Conclusion Conclusion

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Some Water Facts

One billion people lack access to One billion people lack access to

safe watersafe water

The average person consumes a The average person consumes a

gallon of water in a daygallon of water in a day

Residential daily water use in the Residential daily water use in the

U.S. averages 70 -100 gallonsU.S. averages 70 -100 gallons

Daily water use in developing Daily water use in developing

countries(Pakistan) is 20-30 gallons countries(Pakistan) is 20-30 gallons

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Some More Water Facts Most of the higher U.S. water useMost of the higher U.S. water use

Lawn watering, washing vehiclesLawn watering, washing vehicles

Easy availability of waterEasy availability of water Over 40% of water used in an average Over 40% of water used in an average

home is for irrigating landscapehome is for irrigating landscape Toilets accounts for nearly 30% of an Toilets accounts for nearly 30% of an

average homes indoor water consumptionaverage homes indoor water consumption Drinking water services are energy Drinking water services are energy

intensiveintensive The population of Southern California The population of Southern California

increased by 4 million without any increase increased by 4 million without any increase in water consumptionin water consumption

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Industrial And Other Water Consumption Is High

125 liter of water to produce one kilogram (kg) of steel125 liter of water to produce one kilogram (kg) of steel 1,665 liter to make one kg of synthetic rubber1,665 liter to make one kg of synthetic rubber 766 liter for a kg of high quality book paper766 liter for a kg of high quality book paper

The average daily water usage is as follows:The average daily water usage is as follows: 33,600 liters to raise one kg of beef33,600 liters to raise one kg of beef 10,935 liters to grown on kg of cotton10,935 liters to grown on kg of cotton 4,200 liter to grow one kg of rice4,200 liter to grow one kg of rice

Typical Household Water Use

Clothes21%

Shower17%

Toilets28%

Faucets15%

Leaks14%

Baths2%

Dishwashers1% Others

2%

Typical Single Family Home Water Use

% Breakdown Based on 72.5 gallons per capita per day (gpcd)

Presented by WaterWiser @ 1999 Americal Water Works Association

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Water Supply and Conservation

State of the IndustryState of the Industry Children below the age of 5 in Asia, Africa and Children below the age of 5 in Asia, Africa and

Latin America having diarrhea – 500 millionLatin America having diarrhea – 500 million Diarrhea cases in Pakistan -100 million Diarrhea cases in Pakistan -100 million

annuallyannually Hospital Beds – 20-40% water related diseasesHospital Beds – 20-40% water related diseases Water Related Diseases – 80%Water Related Diseases – 80% Deaths caused by water borne diseases – 33%Deaths caused by water borne diseases – 33% Water is vital for lifeWater is vital for life

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Why Conservation is Important?

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Fresh water is a limited resource Fresh water is a limited resource

Demands are increasingDemands are increasing

Only a small percent of total water on earth is Only a small percent of total water on earth is

usable without advanced technology treatmentusable without advanced technology treatment

We have less drinkable water every year due to We have less drinkable water every year due to

contamination and increased demandcontamination and increased demand

Reduces 60-75% leakageReduces 60-75% leakage

New Delhi added 20 million gallons by New Delhi added 20 million gallons by

conservationconservation

It is Important to Take Steps Now

Many Areas in Pakistan are currently facing Many Areas in Pakistan are currently facing

serious water shortage serious water shortage drought conditions drought conditions

Population increase results in higher water Population increase results in higher water

demanddemand

It takes long time to change the habits and It takes long time to change the habits and

attitudes of peopleattitudes of people

50% of Karachi water is lost due to leakage 50% of Karachi water is lost due to leakage

and illegal connectionsand illegal connections

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Why Utilities Should Focus on Water Conservation?

Water Conservation Saves Water – Reduces Water Conservation Saves Water – Reduces Energy UseEnergy Use

Reduce Capital/Operational CostReduce Capital/Operational Cost Economic Stability and GrowthEconomic Stability and Growth Enhanced Protection of the EnvironmentEnhanced Protection of the Environment Foster SustainabilityFoster Sustainability Community PrideCommunity Pride

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Average Monthly Water Loss from Leaking Faucets

50 Drops Per Minute

184 Drops Per Minute

80 Drops Per Minute

1” Stream

326 Liters

1,143 Liters

606Liters

3,278Liters

Small, continuous leaks will waste large amounts of water. In addition, leaks in hot-waterlines will waste heat. Keep all valves and faucets tight. When a leak develops, replacefaucet washers. If valves or faucets are damaged, replace faucet or valve assembly

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How to Identify Leaks?

Leaks can be identified byLeaks can be identified by

Leak Detection Survey of the distribution Leak Detection Survey of the distribution

systemsystem

Using Leak Detection Monitor/MeterUsing Leak Detection Monitor/Meter

Injecting Dye in Toilet tankInjecting Dye in Toilet tank

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Educate The Public A robust education and outreach A robust education and outreach

program for water provider program for water provider employees, school children and employees, school children and adultsadults

Public Educational ProgramPublic Educational Program WorkshopsWorkshops Printed material – bill stuffers, Printed material – bill stuffers,

brochures, ordinances, etc.brochures, ordinances, etc. Block leader programBlock leader program Beat the peakBeat the peak Displaying conservation strategies on Displaying conservation strategies on

city’s website, city hall, etc.city’s website, city hall, etc.

School Educational ProgramSchool Educational Program13

Ground Water Is Deteriorating

Groundwater withdrawal exceeds recharge Groundwater withdrawal exceeds recharge water table in major cities is decreasing.water table in major cities is decreasing.

Additional water sources require expensive Additional water sources require expensive treatment – desalination.treatment – desalination.

70% of 560,000 wells of Indus Basin – 70% of 560,000 wells of Indus Basin – Sodic WaterSodic Water

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Public Awareness of Conservation Involves:

1.1. Dissemination informationDissemination information

2.2. Installing metersInstalling meters

3.3. Leak detectionLeak detection

4.4. Meter reading, billing and collectionMeter reading, billing and collection

5.5. Fiscal planning and operator trainingFiscal planning and operator training

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Public Education Is Critical

Prepare printed material regarding water Prepare printed material regarding water lossloss

Prepare public service announcementsPrepare public service announcements Arrange lectures and talk in classrooms to Arrange lectures and talk in classrooms to

educate the childreneducate the children Arrange for events such as dramas to show Arrange for events such as dramas to show

the effect of clean waterthe effect of clean water Share films on saving waterShare films on saving water

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Water Metering Is Critical

Lack of meters reduces accountabilityLack of meters reduces accountability Impede incentive to conserve waterImpede incentive to conserve water Customer does not relate to amount of Customer does not relate to amount of

water being usedwater being used Leads to irresponsible behaviorLeads to irresponsible behavior

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Leak Detection In The House Is Important

Reduces 60-70% leakage to less than 10%Reduces 60-70% leakage to less than 10% Costs are minimalCosts are minimal Shutting off supply to overhead tank at Shutting off supply to overhead tank at

night and checking the drop in tank levelnight and checking the drop in tank level

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Utility Meter Reading, Billing and Collection Is the Cash Register

Meter reading monthly – electronicallyMeter reading monthly – electronically Bills generated electronically and Bills generated electronically and

emailed/mailedemailed/mailed Ability to sign up for electronic paymentAbility to sign up for electronic payment Delinquent bills – service shut off after 60 Delinquent bills – service shut off after 60

daysdays

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Fiscal Planning and Operator Training

Budget/Rates to fund maintenance and Budget/Rates to fund maintenance and capital improvementscapital improvements

Operator training to improve skillsOperator training to improve skills Regular water testsRegular water tests Record keepingRecord keeping

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Cost Estimate (500 House Development)

Water MetersWater Meters 500 @ 6,000500 @ 6,000 Rs. 3,000,000 Rs. 3,000,000

Meter ChamberMeter Chamber 500@1,000500@1,000 500,000 500,000

Billing and CollectionBilling and Collection 50,000 50,000

Total CapitalTotal Capital Rs. Rs. 3,550,0003,550,000

O&M (Annual)O&M (Annual)

Plumber SalaryPlumber Salary 10,000 @ 12 mo.10,000 @ 12 mo. 120,000 120,000

Inventory Parts Lumpsum 20,000Inventory Parts Lumpsum 20,000

Computer Operator – Billing Clerk 8,000 moComputer Operator – Billing Clerk 8,000 mo 96,000 96,000

Public Education BrochurePublic Education Brochure 5,000 5,000

Coordinator (honorarium volunteer)Coordinator (honorarium volunteer) 15,000 15,000

School Presentation IncentivesSchool Presentation Incentives 5,000 5,000

Public Service AnnouncementPublic Service Announcement 50,000 50,000

TotalTotal Rs. 311,000 Rs. 311,00021

Conservation Really Works

Over 15 states have conservation programsOver 15 states have conservation programs

EPA estimates that 100 million kWh of electricity per EPA estimates that 100 million kWh of electricity per

year could be saved if one in every 100 American year could be saved if one in every 100 American

houses were retrofitted with water efficient fixtureshouses were retrofitted with water efficient fixtures

Water Sense - If 1 percent of American homes Water Sense - If 1 percent of American homes

replaced their older, inefficient toilets with WaterSense replaced their older, inefficient toilets with WaterSense

labeled models, the country would save more than 38 labeled models, the country would save more than 38

million kWh of electricity—enough to supply more than million kWh of electricity—enough to supply more than

43,000 households electricity for one month. 43,000 households electricity for one month.

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Conclusion

Conservation is a positive programConservation is a positive program

Every rupee spent on water efficiency yields Every rupee spent on water efficiency yields

multiple benefits to the utility, customers and multiple benefits to the utility, customers and

statewidestatewide

Often water conservation is less costly than Often water conservation is less costly than

providing new water supplyproviding new water supply

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Conclusion (Cont.)

To realize full effect of water conservation To realize full effect of water conservation

Use a multi-faceted management approach Use a multi-faceted management approach

including voluntary, incentive and regulatory including voluntary, incentive and regulatory

mechanisms to address both demand and supply mechanisms to address both demand and supply

side conservationside conservation

Focus on Focus on

Outdoor water use during summer Outdoor water use during summer

Indoor water usage during winterIndoor water usage during winter

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Source: Natural Resource Canada25

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Questions ?????Naeem Qureshi

naeemqureshi@pce.com(763) 560-9133

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