Water conservationAndré Jun Nishizawa30th of may 2008Teacher: Michael Coppin

Before starting

● 3 parts– Importance of water

– Demand, figures and problems

– Solutions

Importance of water

- Sustenance of man- Essential for the human body

Importance of water

On Earth● 97.5% is salt water● 2.5% is fresh water

Importance of waterOn Earth● 97.5% is salt water● 2.5% is fresh water

● 2/3 snow, ice, glaciers● 1/3 lakes, rivers, underground (96%)

Demand, figures andproblems

Year Water withdrawn1900 500 km³2000 4000 km³2025 5000 km³

Demand, figures andproblems

Aquifer●~ underground water●increasing demand●bad aquifers

Demand, figures andproblems

Use of waterAgriculture

●69% agriculture●21% industry●10% population

Demand, figures andproblems

Use of waterAgriculture

●Industrialized●Use of chemicals●Pollute the aquifers●Fresh water becomes salty (mentioned before)

Solutions

Two ideas● Diminish demand● Increase effectiveness

Solutions● Increase effectiveness

– Repair underground pipes

– Install water-saving appliances at home● Low flush toilet

– Mexico City: 350.000 low flush toilets save 28 million cubic metres of water every year

– Guangxi Province:● 1992: 5,9m³ – 5,8 kg● 1993: 4,6m³ – 6,5 kg

A new science

Solutions must be innovative, revolutionary, and self-sustaining. Current trajectories for improvement in freshwater availability and quality are inadequate[...]

[...]These solutions must be designed to be self-sustaining over the long-term.

Water conservation

André Jun Nishizawa

30th of may 2008

Thank you for your attention