WATCH STANDING AND WATCH STANDING AND WATCH ORGANIZATIONWATCH ORGANIZATION

AgendaAgenda• Inport Watch:Inport Watch:

• Duty Section Policy and OrganizationDuty Section Policy and Organization• Watch OrganizationWatch Organization• Duty Section WatchstandersDuty Section Watchstanders• Quarterdeck Equipment Quarterdeck Equipment • Necessary Publications for the OODNecessary Publications for the OOD• Reports Made to the OODReports Made to the OOD• EmergenciesEmergencies• Security IssuesSecurity Issues

• Underway Watch OrganizationUnderway Watch Organization• U/W Watch responsibilities U/W Watch responsibilities

This all sounds very SWO-centric, but all assets (subs, aircraft, etc) must be guarded and looked after when not deployed

DUTY SECTION POLICYDUTY SECTION POLICY• 1 section per day,24 hour duty day for each 1 section per day,24 hour duty day for each

sectionsection• Carry out night work & maintenance/respond to Carry out night work & maintenance/respond to

emergenciesemergencies• 2-8 (or more) section duty inport homeport2-8 (or more) section duty inport homeport• 3 section duty inport overseas3 section duty inport overseas• Certain personnel exempt from duty (CO, XO, Certain personnel exempt from duty (CO, XO,

CMC, Chaplain)CMC, Chaplain)

INPORT WATCH INPORT WATCH ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION

CDOCDO

DIVPERS

DIVPERS

DIVPERS

DIVPERS

SECTLDR

SECTLDR

DUTYMAA

DUTYMAA

DIVPERS

DIVPERS

DUTYDH

DUTYDH

DUTYDH

DUTYDH

DUTYDH

DUTYDH

Key PersonnelKey Personnel Commanding Officer - Ultimately responsible Commanding Officer - Ultimately responsible

for the ship inport or underwayfor the ship inport or underway Executive Officer - Works directly for the CO Executive Officer - Works directly for the CO

responsible for the day to day operations of responsible for the day to day operations of the ship inport or underwaythe ship inport or underway

Senior Watch OfficerSenior Watch Officer• Assist XO Assist XO • Responsible for organizing ship’s company into Responsible for organizing ship’s company into

watch sections ensures qualified watch-standers watch sections ensures qualified watch-standers are in each sectionare in each section

• Usually Senior DHUsually Senior DH

Key Watch Section PersonnelKey Watch Section Personnel Command Duty Officer (ref OPNAVISNT 3120.32 Series) Command Duty Officer (ref OPNAVISNT 3120.32 Series)

• The CDO in port is that officer designated by the commanding The CDO in port is that officer designated by the commanding Officer to carry out the routine of the unit in port and to supervise Officer to carry out the routine of the unit in port and to supervise the OOD in the safety and general duties of the unit. the OOD in the safety and general duties of the unit.

• In the temporary absence of the XO, the duties of the XO will be In the temporary absence of the XO, the duties of the XO will be carried out by the CDOcarried out by the CDO

OODOOD• The officer or petty officer on watch designated by the The officer or petty officer on watch designated by the

Commanding officer to be in charge of the unit Commanding officer to be in charge of the unit • Responsible for the quarterdeck, security of the ship, cleanliness Responsible for the quarterdeck, security of the ship, cleanliness

of the ship, and for the execution of the plan of the dayof the ship, and for the execution of the plan of the day• Responsible for numerous other watchstandersResponsible for numerous other watchstanders• Usually an O-1, O-2, CPO, or FCPOUsually an O-1, O-2, CPO, or FCPO

SOUNDING AND SECURITY W ATCH

DAM AGE CONTROL CENTRAL W ATCH DUTY M ASTER AT ARM S

M ESENGER OF THE W ATCH

PETTY OFFICER OF THE W ATCH

OOD INPORT

Enlisted WatchstandersEnlisted Watchstanders Petty Officer of the WatchPetty Officer of the Watch

• POOW is the primary enlisted assistant to the OOD InportPOOW is the primary enlisted assistant to the OOD Inport• Normally armed with 9mm pistolNormally armed with 9mm pistol• Operates 1 MC, maintains deck log, keeps good order on Operates 1 MC, maintains deck log, keeps good order on

quarterdeck, instructs MOOWquarterdeck, instructs MOOW Messenger of the WatchMessenger of the Watch

• Non-rated seaman assists POOW in maintaining cleanliness of Non-rated seaman assists POOW in maintaining cleanliness of quarterdeck quarterdeck

• Also used to deliver messages and escort visitors and wake relief'sAlso used to deliver messages and escort visitors and wake relief's• Makes wake-ups, escorts visitors, shines brightwork/cleans Makes wake-ups, escorts visitors, shines brightwork/cleans

quarterdeck, assists POOW as orderedquarterdeck, assists POOW as ordered Sounding and SecuritySounding and Security

• Makes rounds about the ship in a random fashion looking for Makes rounds about the ship in a random fashion looking for flooding, fires, or a breach in ship’s security.flooding, fires, or a breach in ship’s security.

• Must report to the OOD every hour, if the watch doesn’t -->call Must report to the OOD every hour, if the watch doesn’t -->call security alert security alert

• ENSURE THIS PERSON ACTUALLY TOURS THE SHIP!ENSURE THIS PERSON ACTUALLY TOURS THE SHIP! Security WatchSecurity Watch

• Check ship’s security (including ammunition spaces)Check ship’s security (including ammunition spaces)• Reports in-person to OOD every 30 minutesReports in-person to OOD every 30 minutes• Armed with shotgun and 25 roundsArmed with shotgun and 25 rounds

Enlisted WatchstandersEnlisted Watchstanders Engineering WatchEngineering Watch

• Central Control Station (CCS) watchCentral Control Station (CCS) watch• Oversees material condition of ship, monitors alarmsOversees material condition of ship, monitors alarms• Reports to OOD/Engineering Duty OfficerReports to OOD/Engineering Duty Officer• Checks all machinery spaces for watertight integrity and Checks all machinery spaces for watertight integrity and

fire/security hazardsfire/security hazards• Checks operation of auxiliary machineryChecks operation of auxiliary machinery• Checks in on an hourly basis with CCS/OOD, not armedChecks in on an hourly basis with CCS/OOD, not armed

Communications WatchCommunications Watch• Sends/downloads all message traffic through GATEGUARD Sends/downloads all message traffic through GATEGUARD

systemsystem• Alerts CDO of any important action messages/heavy Alerts CDO of any important action messages/heavy

weather messagesweather messages• If overseas, may secure and utilize a communications If overseas, may secure and utilize a communications

guard shipguard ship

OTHER WATCHSTATIONSOTHER WATCHSTATIONS Duty quartermasterDuty quartermaster

- Plots position of ship when anchored- Plots position of ship when anchored Anchor watchAnchor watch

- Maintains continuous watch on anchor - Maintains continuous watch on anchor chainchain

- Reports strain and direction chain is - Reports strain and direction chain is tending every 30 minutes to QM/OODtending every 30 minutes to QM/OOD

RENDERING HONORSRENDERING HONORS

Flags, Pennants, and Boat HailsFlags, Pennants, and Boat Hails

Dipping the EnsignDipping the Ensign The ensign is dipped only in answer or The ensign is dipped only in answer or

return to a dip, dip for dip.return to a dip, dip for dip. This is only done in answer to ships of U.S. This is only done in answer to ships of U.S.

registry or registry of those nations registry or registry of those nations recognized by the United States recognized by the United States

Bow and Flagstaff Insignia Bow and Flagstaff Insignia

A small boat regularly assigned to an A small boat regularly assigned to an officer for personal use must carry officer for personal use must carry insignia on the bow as follows:insignia on the bow as follows:

Flag Officers: Stars of rank as Flag Officers: Stars of rank as arranged on flagarranged on flag

Unit Commanders: replica of his/her Unit Commanders: replica of his/her command pennantcommand pennant

Commanding Officer or Chief of Staff: Commanding Officer or Chief of Staff: an Arrowan Arrow

Flagstaff Insignia Flagstaff Insignia

Flagstaffs for the ensign and for Flagstaffs for the ensign and for personal flags must be fitted with the personal flags must be fitted with the following:following:

Spread Eagle: FLEET ADMIRAL and upSpread Eagle: FLEET ADMIRAL and up Halberd:Halberd: ADM TO RADM lower halfADM TO RADM lower half Ball:Ball: CAPTCAPT Star:Star: CDRCDR Flat Truck:Flat Truck: LCDR and belowLCDR and below

Spread Eagle:Spread Eagle:

FLEET ADMIRAL and upFLEET ADMIRAL and up

Halberd:Halberd:

ADM TO RADM lower ADM TO RADM lower halfhalf

Ball:Ball: CAPTCAPT

Star:Star: CDRCDR

Flat Truck:Flat Truck: LCDR LCDR and and

belowbelow

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants

Certain pennants Certain pennants are used to are used to indicate the indicate the absence of certain absence of certain officers embarked officers embarked on the vesselon the vessel

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants

1st substitute 1st substitute Indicates Flag Indicates Flag

officer or unit officer or unit commander whose commander whose is embarked is is embarked is absent from the absent from the shipship

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants

2nd substitute 2nd substitute Chief of Staff Chief of Staff

absent from ship in absent from ship in which he/she is which he/she is embarkedembarked

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants

3rd substitute 3rd substitute indicates the indicates the Captain (CO) is Captain (CO) is absent from his absent from his shipship

Also used for the Also used for the XO if CO is absent XO if CO is absent for over 24 hrs and for over 24 hrs and XO is the acting COXO is the acting CO

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants

4th substitute 4th substitute indicates any other indicates any other civilian or military civilian or military official who is official who is embarked on the embarked on the vessel is absentvessel is absent

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants

Certain signal flags are used Certain signal flags are used to inform other ships present to inform other ships present in port of certain operations in port of certain operations your ship is carrying out.your ship is carrying out.

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants ALFAALFA Indicates diver Indicates diver

down or divers in down or divers in the water.the water.

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants

BRAVOBRAVO Indicates ship is Indicates ship is

transferring transferring dangerous or dangerous or flammable goods flammable goods such as ordinance, such as ordinance, fuel oil, explosivesfuel oil, explosives

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants

CODE HOTELCODE HOTEL Indicates that there Indicates that there

is a pilot onboardis a pilot onboard

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants

KILOKILO Indicates that there Indicates that there

are men working are men working aloft do not rotate aloft do not rotate or radiate any or radiate any electromagnetic electromagnetic equipment equipment

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants

MIKE MIKE Indicates the Indicates the

Medical guard shipMedical guard ship This ship is This ship is

responsible for responsible for providing providing emergency emergency medical care for medical care for the other ships the other ships presentpresent

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants

PAPAPAPA Indicates a general Indicates a general

recall i.e. all recall i.e. all persons assigned persons assigned are to report are to report onboard onboard immediately, the immediately, the ship is getting ship is getting underwayunderway

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants

QUEBECQUEBEC Indicates “my ship Indicates “my ship

is healthy request is healthy request free pratique.”free pratique.”

Pratique - Pratique - clearance for a clearance for a ship to enter port ship to enter port after complying after complying with quarantine or with quarantine or health regulationshealth regulations

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants

Church Pennant Church Pennant Only pennant that is flown above Only pennant that is flown above

national ensign indicates divine national ensign indicates divine services in progress.services in progress.

Flags and PennantsFlags and Pennants

Commissioning Commissioning Pennant indicates Pennant indicates a vessel a vessel commissioned in commissioned in the United States the United States Navy i.e. a ship on Navy i.e. a ship on the Navy List the Navy List

DECK LOGDECK LOG Chronological recordChronological record ClassificationClassification Historical/legal recordHistorical/legal record Procedures:Procedures:

- Corrections initialed by OOD- Corrections initialed by OOD

- Signed by CO monthly- Signed by CO monthly

- Mailed off ship monthly - Mailed off ship monthly

DECK LOGDECK LOG

VISITOR’S LOGVISITOR’S LOG Account of all non-crew members Account of all non-crew members

onboardonboard Two types of visitor’s badges:Two types of visitor’s badges:

- Escorted - Escorted

- Unescorted- Unescorted

NAME DESTINATION TIME IN TIME OUT DATE ESCORT BADGE NUMBER

DAMAGE CONTROL DAMAGE CONTROL CLOSURE LOGCLOSURE LOG

Record of material condition of shipRecord of material condition of ship Material condition verified and Material condition verified and

signed for by division DCPOsigned for by division DCPO Maintained on quarterdeck or DCCMaintained on quarterdeck or DCC

ANCHOR BEARING LOGANCHOR BEARING LOG Record of ship’s position while at Record of ship’s position while at

anchoranchor Maintained by duty quartermaster Maintained by duty quartermaster

on bridgeon bridge

RELIEVING THE WATCHRELIEVING THE WATCH Engineering status Engineering status Pier servicesPier services Unexecuted ordersUnexecuted orders Duty rostersDuty rosters Visitors onboardVisitors onboard Tide/weather conditionsTide/weather conditions Guard ship assignmentsGuard ship assignments Location of senior Location of senior

personnelpersonnel SOPASOPA

TERMINOLOGYTERMINOLOGY

JackJack

Commission Commission Pennant Pennant (U/W)(U/W)

Flagstaff Flagstaff Jack StaffJack Staff

Ensign (IPT) Ensign (IPT) Union JackUnion Jack

ARRIVALS/DEPARTURESARRIVALS/DEPARTURES Purpose: Inform the crewPurpose: Inform the crew Procedures:Procedures:

- Announce CO, CSO and senior - Announce CO, CSO and senior

military officers (O-5 and above)military officers (O-5 and above)

- Announce between reveille and taps- Announce between reveille and taps

- Sound number of bells corresponding to - Sound number of bells corresponding to the number of sideboys ratedthe number of sideboys rated

- Stinger (as applicable)- Stinger (as applicable)

PASSING HONORSPASSING HONORSJUNIORJUNIOR

Attention (one/two)Attention (one/two)

Hand salute (one)Hand salute (one)

Ready, two (two)Ready, two (two)

Carry on (three)Carry on (three)

SENIORSENIOR

Attention Attention (one/two)(one/two)

Hand salute (one)Hand salute (one)Ready, two (two)Ready, two (two)

Carry on (three)Carry on (three)

12 O’clock Reports12 O’clock Reports

Draft ReportDraft Report Fuel and Water ReportFuel and Water Report Muster ReportMuster Report Magazine Temperature ReportMagazine Temperature Report Chronometer ReportChronometer Report Boat ReportBoat Report

SECURITY THREATS SECURITY THREATS (SOURCES)(SOURCES)

Sneak Attack: Sneak Attack:

Unauthorized Small Craft Unauthorized Small Craft

Visitors Visitors DiversDivers SwimmersSwimmers

Disgruntled Disgruntled

• Civil DisorderCivil Disorder• CrewmemberCrewmember

NORMAL SECURITY WATCHESNORMAL SECURITY WATCHES OODOOD

POOW POOW DMAA DMAA

MOOWMOOW

Sounding and Security Sounding and Security Roving Patrol Roving Patrol

SPECIAL SECURITY WATCHESSPECIAL SECURITY WATCHESFantail Security Foc’sle Fantail Security Foc’sle

Security Watch Security Watch Watch Watch

Pier Rover Brow Watch Pier Rover Brow Watch

Shore PatrolShore Patrol

SECURITY ALERTSECURITY ALERT

Possible causes…Possible causes… Personnel respondingPersonnel responding OOD involvement:OOD involvement: - Control quarterdeck- Control quarterdeck - Pass word (may use code words)- Pass word (may use code words) CDO will secure security alertCDO will secure security alert

DEADLY FORCEDEADLY FORCE

Deadly force is that force which a Deadly force is that force which a person uses with the purpose of person uses with the purpose of causing, or which the individual causing, or which the individual

knows or should know would knows or should know would create a substantial risk of create a substantial risk of

causing, death or serious bodily causing, death or serious bodily harm.harm.

RULES OF DEADLY FORCERULES OF DEADLY FORCE

Self-defense and defense of othersSelf-defense and defense of others Assets involving national securityAssets involving national security Assets not involving national security Assets not involving national security

but inherently dangerous to othersbut inherently dangerous to others Serious offenses against personsSerious offenses against persons Arrest or apprehension (FED Level Arrest or apprehension (FED Level

only)only) Escapes (FED Level only)Escapes (FED Level only)

Underway Watch OrganizationUnderway Watch Organization

Applicable Reading: WOG, pp. 1-10Applicable Reading: WOG, pp. 1-10 Governing Reference: Governing Reference:

SORM (OPNAVINST SORM (OPNAVINST 3120.32C)3120.32C)

Watchstanding Underway Watch Watchstanding Underway Watch OrganizationOrganization

Basic Watchstanding FunctionsBasic Watchstanding Functions Commanding Officer (CO)Commanding Officer (CO)

• Inescapably responsible for the safety of the ship and the Inescapably responsible for the safety of the ship and the accomplishment of her mission.accomplishment of her mission.

Executive Officer (XO)Executive Officer (XO)• Responsible for the administration of the ship’s routine. Ship’s Responsible for the administration of the ship’s routine. Ship’s

NavigatorNavigator Officer of the Deck (OOD)Officer of the Deck (OOD)

• Responsible for the safe navigation and general operation of the Responsible for the safe navigation and general operation of the shipship

Tactical Action Officer (TAO)Tactical Action Officer (TAO)• Responsible for tactical employment of the ship’s combat systems.Responsible for tactical employment of the ship’s combat systems.

Engineering Officer of the Watch (EOOW)Engineering Officer of the Watch (EOOW)• Responsible for the safe and proper operation of the ship’s Responsible for the safe and proper operation of the ship’s

propulsion and electrical plant and related systems.propulsion and electrical plant and related systems.

22-1-3Navy Military Training - Shipboard Watch

Admin Chainof Command

Chainof Command

Tactical ActionOfficer

Quartermasterof theWatch

Helmsman

CommandingOfficer

Officer ofthe Deck

ExecutiveOfficer

SeniorWatchOfficer

Junior Officerof the Deck

Junior Officerof the WatchAft Steering

Watch

EngineeringOfficer

of the Watch

Main Engine& Auxiliaries

Watches

Electrical/IntercomWatches

Bolier Watches

Boatswain’s Mateof the Watch

Air/SurfaceLookouts/

Bridgewatch

Lifeboat/Life BouyWatches

Messenger

Damage ControlWatchOfficer

RepairParties

Sounding &SecurityWatch

CommunicationsWatch Officer

RadioWatches

Message Center(Radio Traffic)

Signal BridgeWatches

CIC WatchOfficer

Radar Operatorsand

Trackers

CommunicationsTalkers

ElectronicWarfare

Operators

Underway Watch OrganizationKey Portion

Organizational Relationships of the OODOrganizational Relationships of the OOD

……with the COwith the CO• The OOD reports directly to CO for the safe The OOD reports directly to CO for the safe

navigation and general operation of the ship.navigation and general operation of the ship.

……with the XOwith the XO• The OOD reports to the XO on matters regarding The OOD reports to the XO on matters regarding

ship’s daily routine. May relieve the OOD in times ship’s daily routine. May relieve the OOD in times or emergency or danger.or emergency or danger.

……with the TAO/CICWOwith the TAO/CICWO• If authorized by ship’s doctrine, the TAO may direct If authorized by ship’s doctrine, the TAO may direct

the OOD in the tactical handling of the ship.the OOD in the tactical handling of the ship. But the OOD retains responsibility for the safe But the OOD retains responsibility for the safe

navigation of the shipnavigation of the ship

Organizational Relationships of the OODOrganizational Relationships of the OOD……with the Navigatorwith the Navigator

• Dual responsibility for “safe navigation of the ship”Dual responsibility for “safe navigation of the ship”• The Navigator may relieve the OOD if the OOD is endangering the The Navigator may relieve the OOD if the OOD is endangering the

ship from a navigation standpoint (if authorized in writing).ship from a navigation standpoint (if authorized in writing).

… … with the EOOWwith the EOOW• The EOOW reports to the OOD, but may have authority to take The EOOW reports to the OOD, but may have authority to take

control of the plant for emergency actions.control of the plant for emergency actions. EOOW reports to OOD: start/stop turbinesEOOW reports to OOD: start/stop turbines OOD reports to EOOW: proximity to land,speed requirements, OOD reports to EOOW: proximity to land,speed requirements,

etc.etc.

… … with the JOOD/JOOWwith the JOOD/JOOW• Principal assistants to the OOD.Principal assistants to the OOD.

Characteristics of Characteristics of Successful OOD’sSuccessful OOD’s

ForehandednessForehandedness VigilanceVigilance JudgementJudgement IntuitionIntuition LeadershipLeadership Technical KnowledgeTechnical Knowledge

Watch ReliefWatch Relief

WatchstandingWatchstandingInformation available from CCSInformation available from CCS

Propulsion plant Propulsion plant configuration/status.configuration/status.

Propulsion limiting casualties.Propulsion limiting casualties. Scheduled preventive or corrective Scheduled preventive or corrective

maintenance.maintenance.

WatchstandingWatchstandingInformation available from CICInformation available from CIC

Formation Disposition, Guide, OTCFormation Disposition, Guide, OTC Changes to the SOE, OPORD, or LOIChanges to the SOE, OPORD, or LOI Schedule of flight operations (helo/fixed Schedule of flight operations (helo/fixed

wing)wing) Conditions of ReadinessConditions of Readiness Weapons postureWeapons posture Equipment degradations Equipment degradations Current Intel/TACSITCurrent Intel/TACSIT EMCON posture EMCON posture

WatchstandingWatchstandingThe Oral Bridge TurnoverThe Oral Bridge Turnover

Navigational informationNavigational information• Position, course, and speed of shipPosition, course, and speed of ship• Method of plotting/fix intervalMethod of plotting/fix interval• Aids to navigation sighted/expectedAids to navigation sighted/expected• Planned changes in course and speedPlanned changes in course and speed

Tactical InformationTactical Information• Ship’s station and location of the guideShip’s station and location of the guide• Expected changes in formation, attachments Expected changes in formation, attachments

and detachments, a rendezvous informationand detachments, a rendezvous information

WatchstandingWatchstandingWritten Guidance for the OODWritten Guidance for the OOD

PERMANENTPERMANENT CO’s Standing CO’s Standing

OrdersOrders TAO Battle OrdersTAO Battle Orders Navigation Navigation

DoctrineDoctrine

DAILY CHANGINGDAILY CHANGING Captain’s Night Orders Captain’s Night Orders CHENG’s Night OrdersCHENG’s Night Orders

OTHER Pass Down Log (PDL) Message Traffic (SOE,

OPORD’s, POD) Weather Reports Ship’s Deck Log

WatchstandingWatchstandingThe Oral Bridge TurnoverThe Oral Bridge Turnover

““I am ready to relieve you”I am ready to relieve you” Issue: Declining to relieve the watchIssue: Declining to relieve the watch

““I am ready to be relieved”I am ready to be relieved” OFFICERS CONDUCT THEIR TURNOVER OFFICERS CONDUCT THEIR TURNOVER Issue: Continuity of the watchIssue: Continuity of the watch

““I relieve you, sir/ma’am”I relieve you, sir/ma’am”

““I stand relieved.”I stand relieved.”

WatchstandingWatchstandingPassing the DECK/CONNPassing the DECK/CONN

““Attention in the Pilot House, this is LT Attention in the Pilot House, this is LT ____, ENS ____ has the deck/conn.”____, ENS ____ has the deck/conn.”

““This is ENS _____, I have the This is ENS _____, I have the deck/conn.”deck/conn.”

Helmsman aye, sir. Steering course 358, Helmsman aye, sir. Steering course 358, checking cse 348, port steering units,checking cse 348, port steering units,port cable …port cable …

Lee Helmsman aye …Lee Helmsman aye … Boats, aye …Boats, aye …

NOTE:

• JOOD/JOOW relieve at :45

• OOD relieves at :00

OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCEOPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE

Keys to Operational Excellence:Keys to Operational Excellence:• IntegrityIntegrity• Level of KnowledgeLevel of Knowledge• Procedural ComplianceProcedural Compliance• Formal CommunicationsFormal Communications• Questioning AttitudeQuestioning Attitude• Forceful BackupForceful Backup• Risk ManagementRisk Management

Safety ScienceVolume 49, Issue 10, December 2011, Pages 1381-1387

The development of a prototype behavioral marker system for US Navy officers of the deckPaul O’Connora, , and W. Max Longb, 1,

Questions?Questions?