wastewater management in developing countries...wastewater management in developing countries dr....
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Wastewater Management in Developing Countries
Dr. Mushtaq Ahmed Memon
Programme Officer , UNEP IETC
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Overview
• Paradigm shift and technology needs
• Assessment of demand
• Challenges and opportunities
• UNEP IETC work
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20th CENTURY
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
“How do we get rid of our wastewater efficiently with minimum damage to public health and the environment?”
21st CENTURY
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
“How do we handle wastewater including rainwater to augment
water supply?”
Paradigm Shift and Technology Needs
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Water and Sanitation in Asia
Source: http://www.adb.org/Water/Indicators/MDG-7/Table-02.pdf
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Water and Sanitation Coverage
Source: World Bank 1997
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Water Availability and Water Pollution
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Reuse, recycle & disposal ESTs quality and treatment issues
1. Domestic rainwater use
2. On-site treatment of grey water
3. Constructed wetlands
4. On-site and near-site treatment of black water and mixed
sewage
5. Separating rainwater from sewer systems
6. Environmentally sound centralized sewage treatment in
developing countries
every drop counts 3. ESTs Reuse
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Municipal Wastewater Reuse
Trickling Filters Rotating Biological Contactors
Activated Sludge Trickling Filters
Rotating Biological Contactors
Secondary Sedimentation Secondary
Sedimentation
Sludge Processing Sludge Processing
Disinfection Disinfection
Disposal / Reuse
Primary Secondary Tertiary / Advanced Preliminary Conventional Wastewater Treatment
Sedimentation Sedimentation
Suspended Solids Removal Suspended Solids Removal Chemical Coagulation
Filtration Chemical Coagulation
Filtration
Suspended Solids Removal Suspended Solids Removal Chemical Coagulation
Filtration Chemical Coagulation
Filtration
Nitrogen Removal Nitrogen Removal Nitrification – Denitrification
Selective Ion Exchange Breakpoint Chlorination
Gas Stripping Overland flow
Nitrification – Denitrification Selective Ion Exchange Breakpoint Chlorination
Gas Stripping Overland flow
Nitrogen Removal Nitrogen Removal Nitrification – Denitrification
Selective Ion Exchange Breakpoint Chlorination
Gas Stripping Overland flow
Nitrification – Denitrification Selective Ion Exchange Breakpoint Chlorination
Gas Stripping Overland flow
Phosphorus Removal Phosphorus Removal Chemical Precipitation
Biological Chemical Precipitation
Biological
Phosphorus Removal Phosphorus Removal Chemical Precipitation
Biological Chemical Precipitation
Biological
Organics and Metals Removal Organics and Metals Removal Carbon Adsorption
Chemical Precipitation Carbon Adsorption
Chemical Precipitation
Organics and Metals Removal Organics and Metals Removal Carbon Adsorption
Chemical Precipitation Carbon Adsorption
Chemical Precipitation
Dissolved Solids Removal Dissolved Solids Removal
Reverse Osmosis Electrodialysis
Distillation Ion Exchange
Reverse Osmosis Electrodialysis
Distillation Ion Exchange
Dissolved Solids Removal Dissolved Solids Removal
Reverse Osmosis Electrodialysis
Distillation Ion Exchange
Reverse Osmosis Electrodialysis
Distillation Ion Exchange
Disinfection Disinfection Irrigation / Reuse
Irrigation / Reuse
Irrigation / Reuse
Low - Rate Processes Low - Rate Processes
Screening Comminution Grit Removal
Screening Comminution Grit Removal
Stabilization Ponds Aerated Lagoons
Stabilization Ponds Aerated Lagoons
High - Rate Processes High - Rate Processes
Activated Sludge Trickling Filters
Rotating Biological Contactors
Activated Sludge Trickling Filters
Rotating Biological Contactors
High - Rate Processes High - Rate Processes
Activated Sludge Trickling Filters
Rotating Biological Contactors
Activated Sludge Trickling Filters
Rotating Biological Contactors
Secondary Sedimentation Secondary
Sedimentation
Sludge Processing Sludge Processing
Disinfection Disinfection
Disposal / Reuse
Primary Secondary Tertiary / Advanced Preliminary Primary Secondary Tertiary / Advanced Preliminary
Low - Cost Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Storage and Treatment Reservoirs
for polishing and pathogens removal
Wastewater Storage and Treatment Reservoirs
for polishing and pathogens removal
Anaerobic Ponds Aerated Lagoons
Upward - flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed
Anaerobic Ponds Aerated Lagoons
Upward - flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed
Irrigation / Reuse
Irrigation / Reuse Facultative Ponds Maturation Ponds (in series)
Low - Cost Wastewater Treatment
Wastewater Storage and Treatment Reservoirs
for polishing and pathogens removal
Wastewater Storage and Treatment Reservoirs
for polishing and pathogens removal
Anaerobic Ponds Aerated Lagoons
Upward - flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed
Anaerobic Ponds Aerated Lagoons
USAB Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
Irrigation / Reuse
Irrigation / Reuse Facultative Ponds Maturation Ponds (in series)
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Wastewater Treatment
WW treatment processes
M
M M
M
Inlet
Trash screening
Primary
sedimentation tank Aeration tank
Aerator
Secondary
Sedimentation tankChlorine Contact
Tank
Chlorine Tank
Filtration Tank
Reuse water
tank
Odor
Removal Unit
Primary Composting Area Secondary Composting
Area
Gravimetric
Thickener
Adding Polymer
Equalization
Unit
Centrifugal
Thickener
Pump
Sludge Thickerner
Sludge Digestion
Tank
To centrifugal
Thickener
To aeration tank
Filtrate TankSludge Tank
Polymer tank
Water Circulating tank
River
Fertilizer
Reuse water treatment processes
Sludge Treatment processes
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INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CENTRE 国際環境技術センター
• The International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC) is a branch of the Division of Technology, Industry, and Economics (DTIE) and is leading the waste management portfolio within UNEP.
• UNEP IETC focuses on identifying and showcasing environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) and management practices, primarily in relation to waste. UNEP IETC is located in
Osaka, Japan.
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Wastewater Reuse
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Wastewater Reuse Publication • 1. Introduction • 2. Wastewater Reuse as Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) • 3. Requirements for Wastewater Reuse • 3-1. Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment • 3-2. Public Health Risk Minimization • 4. Wastewater Reuse Applications • 4-1. Wastewater Reuse for Agriculture • 4-2. Wastewater Reuse for Industry • 4-3. Urban Applications • 4-4. Wastewater Reuse for Environmental Water Enhancement • 4-5. Groundwater Recharge • 5. Key Factors for Establishing Initiatives • 6. Building Capacity for Water and Wastewater Reuse • 6-1. Capacity Building: Human Resource Development • 6-2. Capacity Building: Policy and Legal Framework Development • 6-3. Capacity Building: Institutional Development and Organizational Management • 6-4. Capacity Building: Financing • 6-5. Capacity Building: Raising Public Awareness and Participation • 7. Moving Forward
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Wise-water & Every Drop Counts
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Phyto-technologies
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Sustainability Assessment of Technologies (SAT)
http://www.unep.org/ietc/InformationResources/Publications/tabid/56265/Default.aspx
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Resource Augmentation Demonstration Project in Vietnam
Industry
Water & Energy Demand
Wastewater Reuse
Community
Agriculture
Rainwater Harvesting
Waste
Biomass
Compost
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Project Activities
• Background Studies & Selection of the Industry September ~ October 2005
• Awareness Raising / Information Dissemination November 2005 ~ January 2006
• Data collection January 2006 – March 2006
• Identification of ESTs for rainwater harvesting, wastewater reuse, and composting
January 2006 – April 2006
• Designing ESTs for local conditions January 2006 – June 2006
• Implementing project components based on ESTs April 2006 – February 2007
• Collection and disseminations of lessons learned
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Partnership, Partnership and
Partnership Thank You…
International Environmental
Technology Centre 2-110 Ryokuchi Koen Tsurumi-ku, Osaka 538-0036 Japan Tel : +81 (0) 6 6915 4581 Fax : +81 (0) 6 6915 0304 E-mail : [email protected] Web: http://www.unep.org/ietc