Waste to Energy:U.S. market and investment opportunities

Table of Contents

Page Title: Page Numbers: U.S. Profile & Facts 5Disadvantages & Advantages 19State Profile 23Incentive & Concerns 44Cost 51Technology 56Conversion Process 65Types of Facilities Used In the U.S. 88Company Profile 91Industry Agencies Law & More 94Market Overview 104Investor Outlook 115Work Cited 123

Types of Facilities Used in the U.S.:An Overview of the 3 main facilities used in the U.S.

Waste to Energy:Facilities in The U.S.-

Mass Burn Facilities

Most common types of WTE facilities in the United States

64 facilities use mass burn technology which allows MSW to be combusted without pre-processing

Modular Systems

Designed to burn unprocessed, mixed MSW. They are smaller and can be moved from site to site

7 facilities utilize modular combustion units

Waste to Energy:Facilities in The U.S.-

Mass Burn76%

Modular System

8%

RDF15%

Mass Burn Modular SystemRDF

Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Systems

They separate out non-combustible materials

13 facilities utilize RDF systems

Compiled by author sourced from WTE.ORG

Company Profiles:Five companies that work in the waste to energy sector

Company Profile:Covanta and Xcel-

Covanta Holding Corporation:

Operates 40

Facilities World Wide

Converts 20

Million Tons

Produces 9

Million MWHs

Of Clean

Energy

Powers About 1 Million Homes

Power To Serve About

14,000 Homes.

Produce About 53

Megawatts Of Electricity

Operates 3 WTE

Facilities

Processes 100,000 Tons

Of Waste

Xcel Energy:

Revenue 2014: $1,682,000Tends to use Mass Burn

Complied By author sourced from Covanta.com

Compiled by author from xcelenergy.com

Revenue 2014: $77,507Tends to use Mass Burn

Company Profile: Wheelabrator and Republic-

Wheelabrator Technologies:

Operates 15 WTE Facilities

Produces 584 MWConverts 20,000 Tons Per DayPowers 480,000 Homes

Revenue 2014: Unknown

Tends to use Mass Burn

• Republic Services

Company:

• 79 WTE FacilitiesOperates:

• 704 MWhsProduces:

• 20,000 Tons of CO2 EmissionsAvoids:

• 396,000 HomesPowers: • $1,086,400

(2014)Revenue:• Landfill GasUses:

Compiled by author from wtienergy.com

Industry Agencies, Laws and MoreA look at the legal environment in the U.S.

Waste to Energy:Regulations-

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

The Clean Air Act

Waste to Energy:Regional Initiatives-

The Western Climate Initiative

Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)

Western Governors’ Association (WGA): Clean and Diversified Energy Initiative

West Coast Governors’ Global Warming Initiative

Waste to Energy:Agencies-

Integrated Waste Services Association (IWSA)

The Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology Council (WTERT)

Clean Energy States Alliance

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Waste to Energy:Agencies-

U.S. Department of Energy

Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA)

Environmental Industry Associations (EIA)

Waste to Energy:Statues and Policies-

Federal Statutes and Policies Establishing WTE as Renewable (as of 12/31/13)

American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 Biomass Research and Development Act of 2000 Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) of 1978 Federal Power Act Presidential Memorandum on Federal Leadership on Energy Management

(12/5/13)

Waste to Energy:Statues and Policies-

Federal Statutes and Policies Establishing WTE as Renewable (as of 12/31/13)

Pacific Northwest Power Planning and Conservation Act Internal Revenue Code (Section 45)

Internal Revenue Code (Section 45) Executive Orders 13123, 13423, and 13514 Federal Energy Regulatory Commissions Regulations   (18 CFR.Ch. I, 4/96

Edition, Sec. 292.204)  Tax Relief and Healthcare Act of 2006 Energy Policy Act of 2005 American Jobs Creation Act of 2004  

Contact Us for the Full Presentation:

Mediacontact USA Inc.13575 58TH Street North #160

Clearwater, Fl. 33760

T: 727 538 4112E: contact@mcusa.co

www.mediacontactusa.com

Works Cited: Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2013 Fact Sheet. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection

Agency, June 2015. PDF. http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/2013_advncng_smm_fs.pdf “Agricultural & Biomass Waste." Natural Energy Inc. N.p., 20 Nov. 2013. Web. 11 Sept. 2015.

http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/wte/ "Answers to FAQ." Seas.columbia.edu. Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology Council, n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2015.

http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/faq.html Boekhoudt, André, and Lars Behrendt. "Taxes and Incentives for Renewable Energy." KPMG INTERNATIONAL. KPMG

International Cooperative, Sept. 2014. Web. 11 Sept. 2015. https://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/taxes-incentives-renewable-energy-v1.pdf

BioEnergy Consult: Powering a Clean Energy Future http://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/waste-to-energy-trends/ Biomass Energy Centre http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/portal/page?

_pageid=75,17506&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL Bloomberg 2014 Sustainable Energy in America

http://www.bcse.org/wp-content/uploads/2014SustainableEnergyinAmericaFactbook1.pdf  Cox, Richard. "RESEARCH REPORT." The Choral Journal 32.8 (1992): 43-45. Web.

http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/global/files/us__en_us__cities__14_navigant_research.pdf Cunningham, Lynn J., and Beth A. Roberts. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal

Programs. N.p.: Congressional Research Service, 2013. PDF. https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40913.pdf "Department of the Treasury | LMOP | US EPA." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 21 May 2013. Web. 11 Sept. 2015.

http://www.epa.gov/lmop/publications-tools/funding-guide/federal-resources/index.html Ecomania Waste to Energy Plant http://www.ecomaine.org/our-facility/waste-to-energy-plant/ "Energy-from-Waste." EFW Waste-to-Energy WTE Renewable Energy Facility Clean World Initiative Sustainability. N.p., n.d.

Web. 11 Sept. 2015. http://www.covanta.com/

Works Cited: "Energy Incentives for Businesses in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act." IRS. IRS, 23 Apr. 2015. Web. 11 Sept.

2015. http://www.irs.gov/uac/Energy-Incentives-for-Businesses-in-the-American-Recovery-and-Reinvestment-Act Energy World.com An Independent Engineering Evaluation of Waste-to-Energy Technologies Thomas Stringfellow and Robert

Witherell, CH2M HILL Engineers, Inc.http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2014/01/an-independent-engineering-evaluation-of-waste-to-energy-technologies.html

Environmental Research & Education Foundation (EREF) Biological Conversion Overview http://www.newmoa.org/events/docs/112_109/EREF_MSW_Conversion_Techs_Aug2013.pdf

xcel Energy http://www.xcelenergy.com/ Funk, Kip, Jana Milford, and Travis Simpkins. Waste Not, Want Not: Analyzing the Economic and Environmental Viability of

Waste-to-Energy (WTE) Technology for Site-Specific Optimization of Renewable Energy Options. Golden, CO: The Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis, Feb. 2013. PDF. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/52829.pdf

He. WTE (n.d.): n. pag. Web. http://www.wte.org/userfiles/files/ERC_2014_Directory.pdf How Stuff Works.com Gasification http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-tech/energy-production/

gasification.htm "Incineration of Municipal Solid Waste: Understanding the Costs and Financial Risks." Pembina Institute. N.p., 9 May 2007.

Web. 11 Sept. 2015. Fact Sheet 4 https://www.pembina.org/reports/Incineration_FS_Costs.pdf Industry.usa.siemans.com http://www.industry.usa.siemens.com/automation/us/en/process-instrumentation-and-analytics/

process-analytics/continuous-gas-analytics/Pages/Biogas-landfill-analyzers.aspx?stc=usiia120073&s_kwcid=AL!464!10!2396329450!24955291792&ef_id=VdYWvwAABf5ySqeE:20150910134737:s

"ISRN Renewable Energy." (n.d.): n. pag. Web. http://www.energimyndigheten.se/Global/Engelska/News/waste.pdf Kasper, Matt. "Energy from Waste Can Help Curb Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Center for American Progress. N.p., 17 Apr.

2013. Web. 11 Sept. 2015. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/report/2013/04/17/60712/energy-from-waste-can-help-curb-greenhouse-gas-emissions/

Works Cited: Killinger, Jennifer. The Power of Waste. N.p.: American Chemistry Consil, 9 July 2014. PDF.

http://www.americanchemistry.com/Policy/Energy/Energy-Recovery/The-Power-of-Waste.pdf Landfill Gas Recovery http://www.corken.com/Land_Fill_Gas_Recovery LOCAL GOVERNMENT CLIMATE AND ENERGY STRATEGY GUIDES Landfill Gas Energy A Guide to Developing and Implementing

Greenhouse Gas Reduction Programs http://www.epa.gov/statelocalclimate/documents/pdf/landfill_methane_utilization.pdf Michaels, Ted. The Role of Waste-to-Energy in a Renewable and Carbon-Conscious Environment. Washington, DC: Energy

Recovery Council, 17 Mar. 2011. PDF. Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (COG) Recycling Committee Meeting. http://www.mwcog.org/uploads/committee-documents/ZF5WX1dX20110321092643.pdf

Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2012. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency, Feb. 2014. PDF. http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/2012_msw_fs.pdf

Natural Energy Systems: Agricultural and Biomass Waste http://www.naturalenergyinc.com/agricultural-biomass-waste Pyrocrat Pyrolysisplant.com http://www.pyrolysisplant.com/plastic-and-tyre-pyrolysis/ REA Renewable Energy Association http://www.r-e-a.net/pdf/energy-from-waste-guide-for-decision-makers.pdf 2013 Renewable Energy Institute. Austin, TX: UTCLE, The U of Texas School of Law, 2013. Web.

http://www.acore.org/files/pdfs/ACORE_Outlook_for_RE_2014.pdf Renewable Energy Standards." SEIA. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2015.

http://www.seia.org/policy/renewable-energy-deployment/renewable-energy-standards "Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit (PTC)." Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit (PTC). Energy.gov, n.d. Web.

11 Sept. 2015. http://energy.gov/savings/renewable-electricity-production-tax-credit-ptc Renewable Energy Development: Federal Tax Incentives. N.p.: NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STATE LEGISLATURES, Mar. 2012.

PDF. http://www.ncsl.org/documents/energy/Fed_Incentives_Renew_Energy.pdf

Works Cited: The Outlook for Renewable Energy in America. Washington, DC: American Council On Renewable Energy, 2014. PDF.

http://www.acore.org/files/pdfs/ACORE_Outlook_for_RE_2014.pdf The Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA). Waste-to-Energy Facilities Provide Significant Economic Benefits. Solid

Waste Association of North America. N.p., 9 Jan. 2012. Web. 11 Sept. 2015. http://swana.org/portals/Press_Releases/Economic_Benefits_WTE_WP.pdf

University of Florida IFAS Extension (EDIS) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an159 USA. US Department of the Treasury. Overview and Status Update of the §1603 Program. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.

http://www.treasury.gov/initiatives/recovery/Documents/STATUS%20OVERVIEW.pdf

“U.S. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption -waste 2014 | Statistic." Statista. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2015. http://www.statista.com/statistics/197194/us-industrial-sector-energy-consumption-from-waste-since-2006/

Waste Business Journal.com Industry Research & Analysis http://www.wastebusinessjournal.com/overview.htm "Waste-to-Energy (Municipal Solid Waste)." Energy Explained, Your Guide To Understanding Energy. N.p., 8 Jan. 2015. Web. 11

Sept. 2015. http://www.eia.gov/Energyexplained/?page=biomass_waste_to_energy Waste Energy Recovery: Renewable Energy from County Landfills. Washington, DC: National Association of Counties, Feb.

2015. PDF. http://www.naco.org/sites/default/files/documents/WasteEnergy_FINAL.pdf "Wheelabrator Technologies Is the World Leader in Safe and Environmentally Sound Conversion of Municipal Solid Waste."

Welcome. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2015. http://www.wtienergy.com/ "  //." Waste and Recycling Collection Centers and Dumpsters. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2015. http://www.republicservices.com/