Waste to Energy:U.S. market and investment opportunities

Table of Contents

Page Title: Page Numbers: U.S. Profile & Facts 5Disadvantages & Advantages 19State Profile 23Incentive & Concerns 44Cost 51Technology 56Conversion Process 65Types of Facilities Used In the U.S. 88Company Profile 91Industry Agencies Law & More 94Market Overview 104Investor Outlook 115Work Cited 123

Waste to Energy:Definition-

The conversion of non-recyclable waste materials into the following:

Useable heat Electricity Fuel

It’s often called waste-to-energy (WTE)

Waste to Energy:Definition-

Getting the energy can be done through:

Combustion Gasification Pyrolyzation Anaerobic Digestion Landfill Gas (LFG) Recovery

U.S. Profile and Facts: A look at Waste to Energy in the U.S.

Waste to Energy:U.S. Profile-

247 Millions Tons Landfilled

112 Million Tons

Recycled Or

Composted

30 Million Tons Sent to WTE Plants

389 Million Tons Of Trash

Generated

84 WTE facilities in 23 States

(4 not being used

currently)

Energy recovered from 30 Million tons

Sell more than 14.5

Billon KWH of

renewable electricity

Recovering and

recycling of 730,000 tons

of metals

Avoids more than 30

million tons of CO2E

Enough total

energy to power

2,250,000 Homes

Compiled by author sourced from WTE.ORG

Waste to Energy:U.S. Consumption-

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

49,235,94048,356,727

46,598,300

54,804,29053,632,006

Amount Of Waste Energy Consumed In The U.S. (MWhs)

Amount of waste energy Consumed in the U.S (MWHs)

Compiled by author sourced from Statista.com

Waste to Energy:U.S. Facts-

In 2011, the U.S. combusted about 29 million tons of MSW for energy recovery

After energy is recovered, approximately 10% of the volume remains as ash

WTE facilities reduce the amount of greenhouse gases expressed as CO2 equivalents by about 1 ton for every ton of combusted waste

The WTE facilities produce $3.2 billion in revenue each year and provide stable support for local economies

Waste to Energy:Municipal Solid Waste-

U.S. municipal solid waste (MSW) contains items including packaging, food, grass clippings, sofas, computers, tires and refrigerators

MSW does not include industrial, hazardous or construction waste

After recycling and composting, 164 million tons of MSW were discarded in 2012

Waste to Energy:Municipal Solid Waste-

U.S. waste-to-energy facilities recover more than 730,000 tons of ferrous and on-ferrous metals

In the past 5 years, the recycling growth rate has slowed down

For every tone of paper recycled can save the equivalent of 166 gallons of gasoline in energy

Waste to Energy:Total MSW Generated in 2013-

Food Waste15%Plastics

13%

Wood6%

Yard Trim

mings14%

Rubber, Leather, & Textiles

9%

Glass5%

Other3%

Metal 9%

Paper27%

By Material (Before Recapturing) Food

Waste21%

Plastics18%

Yard Trim

mings8%Rubber, Leather, &

Textiles12%

Glass5%

Other4%

Metal 9%

Wood8%

Paper15%

By Material (After Recapturing)

Recapturing includes the processes of recycling, composting and waste-to-energy

Compiled by author sourced from EPA.ORG

Waste to Energy:Offtake and Ownership in

The U.S.-

48%52%

WTE Ownership

Publicy Owned Privately Owned

74%

5%

21%

WTE Energy Off Take

Electric Steam Only CHP

Complied by author from WTE.org

Disadvantages & Advantages:The Pros and Cons of the WTE in the U.S.

Disadvantages

The public’s concern about dioxins produced by WTE emission gas

Initial cost to build WTE plants

Residues still require proper testing and disposal

Plants will have to be built to comply with the Clean Air Act

The potential to neglect other plans for recycling and reuse of waste

The permitting process

Advantages

Always a reliable source of fuel and current landfill sites can be mined out 

The reduction of waste to landfill and greenhouse gases

Reduces the reliance on fossil fuels

Can be operated in any weather year-round

Advantages

Communities with WTE have higher recycling rates

WTE facilities boots the local economy with more than just high-paying technical jobs

There has been a steady increase in landfill tipping fees since 2004

If electricity produced from MSW plans were to displace coal combustion, fossil CO2 emissions would decrease.

Emissions of SO2, NOx, and PM could also be reduced

Contact Us for the Full Presentation:

Mediacontact USA Inc.13575 58TH Street North #160

Clearwater, Fl. 33760

T: 727 538 4112E: contact@mcusa.co

www.mediacontactusa.com

Works Cited: Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2013 Fact Sheet. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection

Agency, June 2015. PDF. http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/2013_advncng_smm_fs.pdf “Agricultural & Biomass Waste." Natural Energy Inc. N.p., 20 Nov. 2013. Web. 11 Sept. 2015.

http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/wte/ "Answers to FAQ." Seas.columbia.edu. Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology Council, n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2015.

http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/faq.html Boekhoudt, André, and Lars Behrendt. "Taxes and Incentives for Renewable Energy." KPMG INTERNATIONAL. KPMG

International Cooperative, Sept. 2014. Web. 11 Sept. 2015. https://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/taxes-incentives-renewable-energy-v1.pdf

BioEnergy Consult: Powering a Clean Energy Future http://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/waste-to-energy-trends/ Biomass Energy Centre http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/portal/page?

_pageid=75,17506&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL Bloomberg 2014 Sustainable Energy in America

http://www.bcse.org/wp-content/uploads/2014SustainableEnergyinAmericaFactbook1.pdf  Cox, Richard. "RESEARCH REPORT." The Choral Journal 32.8 (1992): 43-45. Web.

http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/global/files/us__en_us__cities__14_navigant_research.pdf Cunningham, Lynn J., and Beth A. Roberts. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal

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http://www.epa.gov/lmop/publications-tools/funding-guide/federal-resources/index.html Ecomania Waste to Energy Plant http://www.ecomaine.org/our-facility/waste-to-energy-plant/ "Energy-from-Waste." EFW Waste-to-Energy WTE Renewable Energy Facility Clean World Initiative Sustainability. N.p., n.d.

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Works Cited: "Energy Incentives for Businesses in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act." IRS. IRS, 23 Apr. 2015. Web. 11 Sept.

2015. http://www.irs.gov/uac/Energy-Incentives-for-Businesses-in-the-American-Recovery-and-Reinvestment-Act Energy World.com An Independent Engineering Evaluation of Waste-to-Energy Technologies Thomas Stringfellow and Robert

Witherell, CH2M HILL Engineers, Inc.http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2014/01/an-independent-engineering-evaluation-of-waste-to-energy-technologies.html

Environmental Research & Education Foundation (EREF) Biological Conversion Overview http://www.newmoa.org/events/docs/112_109/EREF_MSW_Conversion_Techs_Aug2013.pdf

xcel Energy http://www.xcelenergy.com/ Funk, Kip, Jana Milford, and Travis Simpkins. Waste Not, Want Not: Analyzing the Economic and Environmental Viability of

Waste-to-Energy (WTE) Technology for Site-Specific Optimization of Renewable Energy Options. Golden, CO: The Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis, Feb. 2013. PDF. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/52829.pdf

He. WTE (n.d.): n. pag. Web. http://www.wte.org/userfiles/files/ERC_2014_Directory.pdf How Stuff Works.com Gasification http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-tech/energy-production/

gasification.htm "Incineration of Municipal Solid Waste: Understanding the Costs and Financial Risks." Pembina Institute. N.p., 9 May 2007.

Web. 11 Sept. 2015. Fact Sheet 4 https://www.pembina.org/reports/Incineration_FS_Costs.pdf Industry.usa.siemans.com http://www.industry.usa.siemens.com/automation/us/en/process-instrumentation-and-analytics/

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"ISRN Renewable Energy." (n.d.): n. pag. Web. http://www.energimyndigheten.se/Global/Engelska/News/waste.pdf Kasper, Matt. "Energy from Waste Can Help Curb Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Center for American Progress. N.p., 17 Apr.

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Works Cited: Killinger, Jennifer. The Power of Waste. N.p.: American Chemistry Consil, 9 July 2014. PDF.

http://www.americanchemistry.com/Policy/Energy/Energy-Recovery/The-Power-of-Waste.pdf Landfill Gas Recovery http://www.corken.com/Land_Fill_Gas_Recovery LOCAL GOVERNMENT CLIMATE AND ENERGY STRATEGY GUIDES Landfill Gas Energy A Guide to Developing and Implementing

Greenhouse Gas Reduction Programs http://www.epa.gov/statelocalclimate/documents/pdf/landfill_methane_utilization.pdf Michaels, Ted. The Role of Waste-to-Energy in a Renewable and Carbon-Conscious Environment. Washington, DC: Energy

Recovery Council, 17 Mar. 2011. PDF. Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (COG) Recycling Committee Meeting. http://www.mwcog.org/uploads/committee-documents/ZF5WX1dX20110321092643.pdf

Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2012. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency, Feb. 2014. PDF. http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/2012_msw_fs.pdf

Natural Energy Systems: Agricultural and Biomass Waste http://www.naturalenergyinc.com/agricultural-biomass-waste Pyrocrat Pyrolysisplant.com http://www.pyrolysisplant.com/plastic-and-tyre-pyrolysis/ REA Renewable Energy Association http://www.r-e-a.net/pdf/energy-from-waste-guide-for-decision-makers.pdf 2013 Renewable Energy Institute. Austin, TX: UTCLE, The U of Texas School of Law, 2013. Web.

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Works Cited: The Outlook for Renewable Energy in America. Washington, DC: American Council On Renewable Energy, 2014. PDF.

http://www.acore.org/files/pdfs/ACORE_Outlook_for_RE_2014.pdf The Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA). Waste-to-Energy Facilities Provide Significant Economic Benefits. Solid

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