washington laboratories (301) 417-0220 lindbergh dr. gaithersburg, md 20879 [email protected] european...
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Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
European Union
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
CE标志CE MARKING
• CE Marking is for European Union• EMC Directive• Low Voltage Directive (Safety)• Machinery Directive (Safety)• Radio and Telecommunications Terminal
Equipment Directive (R&TTE)• Self-Declaration allowed for many products
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
European Market
• Sector covered by EMC Directive 250 b€• R&TTE equipment: 58 b € /year in the EU in 1998
– Machinery market: >250 b € /year– Telecommunication Services: 200 b € /year in 1999
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
DEFINITIONS
• EMC: Electromagnetic Compatibility– Emissions: Unwanted radiated and conducted
electrical energy– Immunity: Undesirable response to external
electrical energy
• Product Safety– Protection from Electrical, Mechanical, Fire and
Chemical Hazards
FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS: EMC and PRODUCT SAFETY
In addition, devices may also have spectrum allocation and control requirements (e.g., FCC Approvals)
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
TERMS & DEFINITIONS• European Directive
– Legal Document adopted by EC Council of Ministers
• European Norm (EN)– Common Standard used by all EU countries
• Standards are based on existing standards (CISPR, IEC)
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
TERMS & DEFINITIONS• Competent Body
– Appointed by each member state to review Technical Construction Files and generate Certificates of Conformity
– Must demonstrate competence in the area of the Directive– Approved by member state National Authority
• Notified Body– Same credentials as competent body, but can test and issue
EC-Type Examination Certificates– Required for Telecommunications, safety of medical devices– “Notified” means that the organization has been “officially
announced” to the EC and other states by National Authority
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
EUROPEAN DIRECTIVESMany Types of Products
DirectiveLow Voltage (73/23/EEC)Simple Pressure Vessels (87/404/EEC)Toy Safety (88/378/EEC)Construction Products (89/106/EEC)EMC (89/336/EEC)Machinery (89/392/EEC)Personal Protective Equipment (89/686/EEC)Gas Appliances (90/396/EEC)Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (91/263/EEC)Hot Water Boilers (92/42/EEC)Medical Devices (93/42/EEC)Satellite Earth Station Equipment (93/97/EEC)Explosive Atmospheres (94/9/EEC)Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (99/5/EEC)
Date1/1/977/1/921/1/971/1/971/1/961/1/956/30/951/1/951/1/961/1/976/13/98NONE6/30/0304/07/01
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
EMC DIRECTIVE: REDUCE ELECTROMAGNETIC
INTERFERENCE
Radiated
Conducted
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
EMC DIRECTIVE
• “Electrical Apparatus” Covered• Exceptions: components, large installations and
devices that must comply with other Directives that address EMC (e.g., telecommunications)
• Member states adopt ENs
• Enforcement– Country-by-Country basis.
• Example: UK Requirements:– Fines up to £5000– Up to 3 months imprisonment for misuse of CE mark– Forfeiture of equipment
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
EMC DIRECTIVE FOR ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL
PRODUCTS• Examples
Personal Computers Video GamesCD Players Office machinesCopying machines Electronic toysRadio Receivers TVsFax machines Microwave ovensIndustrial Equipment MachineryDishwasher/Refrigerator
• Class A Products: OFFICE/FACTORY• Class B Products: HOME
Declaration of Conformity required for all products
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
CLASS A and CLASS B• Class A: Office and Industrial Use
• Class B: Home Use
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
COMPLIANCE WITH EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES
• Product-Specific Standards or use
• Generic Standards– Use Generic Requirements if Product-Specific
Standards do not exist
• Method– Declaration of Conformity for all products– Technical File Preparation
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Conformity AssessmentTwo methods of Demonstrating Compliance
Self-Certification– Select standard for the product– Test product– Write Report– Make Declaration of Conformity– Put on CE Marking– Can test in-house or at third party laboratory
Simpler, Cheaper, may not be applicable for complex productRetest as standards change
•Self-Declaration•Technical Construction File
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Conformity Assessment• Technical Construction File
– Need Competent Body– Create a TCF
• Description of Device(s)• Test plan• Use “Generic Standards” if product-specific standards are not
available
– Test product– Competent Body issues certificate– Make Declaration of Conformity– Affix the CE Marking
More expensive, for complex products
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Common EMC Standardshttp://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/newapproach/standardization/harmstds/reflist/emc.html
Equipment Tests Required
Arc Welder EN 50199:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Product standardfor arc welding equipment
Industrial Equipment EN 55011:1998: Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequencyequipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods ofmeasurement
TVs, Radios EN 55013:1990: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of broadcast receivers and associated equipment
EN 55020:1994: Electromagnetic immunity of broadcast receivers andassociated equipment
Appliances EN 55014-1:1993: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements forhousehold appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus -- Part 1:Emission - Product family standard
EN 55014-2:1997: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements forhousehold appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus -- Part 2:Immunity - Product family standard
Lighting EN 55015:1996: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment
Computers and informationTechnology Equipment
EN 55022:1998: Information technology equipment - Radio disturbancecharacteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
EN 55024:1998: Information technology equipment - Immunitycharacteristics –Limits and methods of measurement
Audio and video for professional use EN 55103-1 and -2:1996: Electromagnetic compatibility – Product familystandard for audio, video, audio-visual and entertainment lighting controlapparatus for professional use
EN 55104:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility – Immunity requirementsfor household appliances, tools and similar apparatus – Product familystandard
Household equipment EN 61000-3-2:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 3-2:Limits -Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current upto and including 16A per phase)
Household equipment EN 61000-3-3:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 3: Limits -- Section 3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltagesupply systems for equipment with rated current up to 16 A
Laboratory Equipment EN 61326:1997: Electrical equipment for measurement, control andlaboratory use - EMC requirements
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Immunity Testing
• 1000-4 Series– IEC 1000-4-1: Introduction– IEC 1000-4-2: Electrostatic Discharge Requirements– IEC 1000-4-3: Radiated Radio Frequency Immunity– IEC 1000-4-4: Electrical Fast Transient– IEC 1000-4-5: Lightning Surge– IEC 1000-4-6: Conducted Radio Frequency Immunity– IEC 1000-4-8: Magnetic Field Immunity– IEC 1000-4-11: Voltage Interruptions (blackout and
brownouts)
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE:for SAFE PRODUCTS
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
LVD TEST PROCEDURE
• Self-Declaration
Test ProductReport &
Technical FileManufacturer puts
CE Mark Manufacturer Labels
Products
Sell Product
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
• Labeling and marking• Language• User Instructions• Service Information
• Design requirements• Heating• Electrical
characteristics• Abnormal operation• Power connection• Construction
Most Standards address the same issues - Requirements depend on the type of product and where it will be installed
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Common Safety StandardsEquipment Tests Required
Arc Welder EN 50199:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Product standardfor arc welding equipment
Industrial Equipment EN 55011:1998: Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequencyequipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods ofmeasurement
TVs, Radios EN 55013:1990: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of broadcast receivers and associated equipment
EN 55020:1994: Electromagnetic immunity of broadcast receivers andassociated equipment
Appliances EN 55014-1:1993: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements forhousehold appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus -- Part 1:Emission - Product family standard
EN 55014-2:1997: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements forhousehold appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus -- Part 2:Immunity - Product family standard
Lighting EN 55015:1996: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment
Computers and informationTechnology Equipment
EN 55022:1998: Information technology equipment - Radio disturbancecharacteristics – Limits and methods of measurement
EN 55024:1998: Information technology equipment - Immunitycharacteristics –Limits and methods of measurement
Audio and video for professional use EN 55103-1 and -2:1996: Electromagnetic compatibility – Product familystandard for audio, video, audio-visual and entertainment lighting controlapparatus for professional use
EN 55104:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility – Immunity requirementsfor household appliances, tools and similar apparatus – Product familystandard
Household equipment EN 61000-3-2:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 3-2:Limits -Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current upto and including 16A per phase)
Household equipment EN 61000-3-3:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 3: Limits -- Section 3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltagesupply systems for equipment with rated current up to 16 A
Laboratory Equipment EN 61326:1997: Electrical equipment for measurement, control andlaboratory use - EMC requirements
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
CE Marking• Must be affixed to:
• Product• Packaging• Instructions for use, OR• Guarantee certificate
• Can be used with other marks providing they do not reduce the visibility and legibility of the mark
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Labeling and MarkingLabeling and Marking
• Rated voltage or voltage range:115/230V~ or 100-240V~ or 230V~ or 400V 3~
• Rated frequency:50-60Hz or 50/60Hz
• Rated current or power:10/5A or 10-5A; 200W or 200VA
NOTE:
230/ 400V~ are the harmonized voltages for the European Union.
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Labeling and MarkingLabeling and Marking• Manufacturer’s name or registered
trademark.
• Model or type number.
• Fuse replacement info (if applicable).
• IEC symbols wherever possible.
• Warnings and Cautions appropriate for the particular equipment.
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
LanguageLanguage• ‘Safety-related’ information to be in
appropriate language.
• Service Instructions may be in English.
• Many times, the entire User Manual must be translated (for specific market)
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
User InstructionsUser Instructions
• Installation Instructions - information for installation, connection to the AC power, ventilation, etc
• All information regarding use, cleaning, maintenance (if necessary)
• All safety warnings
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Service Information Service Information • Fuse and component replacement information.• Special instructions to avoid hazards.• Schematics, wiring diagrams.• Special field installation and/or supply
connection information
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Radio Transmittersand Telecommunication
Devices
• R&TTE Directive
PLUS
• License by individual country
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
RTTE Main Features
• Scope covers radio and TTE• New Essential Requirements• No Specific Standards• Easier process based on Manufacturer’s
Declaration (increased liability for manufacturer)
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
RTTE Requirements• Safety per LVD requirements (but with no lower
voltage limit)• Protection per EMC Directive• Prevention of harm to the network• Radio Equipment shall effectively use spectrum• Apparatus shall:
– work w/other networks
– protect privacy
– support features to prevent fraud
– support access to emergency services
– support access by disabled persons
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
RTTE Effects
• Benefits– Reduced Testing Fees– Reduced Time-to-Market– Fewer Test Requirements
• Detriments– Increased Liability– Decreased protection for EU Manufacturers
• Marking– CE Mark (plus NB number for Radio Equipment)
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
EU Standards(a partial list)
• ETS 300 339: General EMC Standard for Radio Equipment• ETS 300 342-1: November 1994: EMC Standard for GSM (Part 1:
Mobiles and Portable)• ETS 300 342-2: November 1994: EMC Standard for GSM (Part 2: Base
Stations)• ETS 300 329: November 1994: EMC Standard for DECT• EN60215: Safety Requirements for Radio Transmitting Equipment• EN60950/IEC 950: Safety for Information Technology Equipment
URL: www.etsi.fr
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Declaration of ConformityApplication of Council Directive(s):
89/336/EEC, 72/23/EEC
Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:
EN55022, EN55024 (1998), EN60950
Manufacturer's Name: COMPANY NAME
Manufacturer's Address: ADDRESS
Importer's Name: (EU Representative's Name)
Importer's Address: (EU Representative's Address)
Type of Equipment: EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
Model Number: MODEL NUMBER
Year of Manufacture: (Year of Manufacture)
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specifiedabove conforms to the above Directive(s) and Standard(s).
__________________________(Full Name, Title)
__________________________(Signature)
__________________________ (Date)
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
WORLD MARKETS• Europe: EU Directive approach to compliance• Non-EU Europe: May accept CE Marking• Australia: C-Tick Mark for EMC (CISPR emissions
now)
• Japan: VCCI- Voluntary Control Council for Interference (CISPR emissions only)
• South Africa: Emissions requirements only• Mexico: NOM Certification
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
标签示例EXAMPLE LABEL
V I
S NFI D
NOM
COMPANY NAMEMODEL: XYZ123
LISTEDITEE123456
EN60950
100-240VAC 50/60 Hz130-170VA; 0.8-1.3A
MADE IN CHINA FOR INDOOR USE ONLYFUSE REPLACEMENT: T1.2
LEVEL 3LR12345
COMPANY NAMEOR MODEL NUMBER
US/CANADAUL and/or CSA
SPECIAL INFORMATIONUse, Fuse,Warnings
VOLTAGEFREQUENCY
POWER OR CURRENT
UL & CSA allow manufacturers to use “E” number or “LR” number instead of Manufacturer’s Name
Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD [email protected]
Washington LaboratoriesCapabilities
Testing and Certification Services
– Testing FCC European Norms IEC 801/ 1000
– UL Certificated Agency
– TCB affiliate
• Engineering– Design Engineering for Compliance Requirements
PCB Layout Enclosure and System Design Safety to UL, IEC, VDE, CSA, TUV, NRTL requirements
Training– EMC Design for International Compliance
– Customized, Modular Seminars