was newtown massacre instigated by cia to cause disarmament preparing for marshall law

7/30/2019 Was Newtown Massacre Instigated by CIA to Cause Disarmament Preparing for Marshall Law

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Was Newtown massacre instigated by CIA to cause disarmament preparing for Marshall Law

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJiCU6Jw0Co&feature=relatedEsoteric Agenda

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSQwS1Hf0yE

Medical Conspiracy

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=sU537f4bnFM&NR=1Poisoning Us

Truth kills truth saves Save yourself and the worldhttp://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3117338213439292490#

In this lecture by Michel Chossudovsky, he blows away the smokescreen put up by the mainstream media, that9/11 was an attack on America by "Islamic terrorists". Through meticulous research, he has uncovered a

military-intelligence ploy behind the September 11 attacks, and the cover-up and complicity of key members ofthe Bush Administration. According to Chossudovsky, the "war on terrorism" is a complete fabrication based onthe illusion that one man, Osama bin Laden, outwitted the $40 billion-a-year American intelligence apparatus.

The "war on terrorism" is a war of conquest. Globalisation is the final march to the "New World Order",dominated by Wall Street and the U.S. military-industrial complex. September 11, 2001 provides a justificationfor waging a war without borders. Washington's agenda consists in extending the frontiers of the American

Empire to facilitate complete U.S. corporate control, while installingwithin America the institutions of the Homeland Security State.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvay28lZiHUTruth Kills

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8K9dgqKmJ50&featureFema Detention Camps Marshall Law

http://www.infowars.com/obama-implementing-martial-law-coup/

NRA a powerful group politically backed, but do you suppose coherent enough to comprehend the utmostserious nature of the on going CNN charade whose armed forces have massed murdered worldd wide in the

name of God for Christ sake while working for the ICE

To declare themselves for Humanity is simplePR

Publicly Recognizewww.Frank13.com

Aiding in spreading the Truth that will save us

If not they will have at least declared their colors"The people may be made to follow a course of action, but they may not be made to understand it"

"A man who has made a mistake and doesn't correct it is making another mistake""To see what is right, and not do it, is want of courage, or of principle"

"He who is sincere hits what is right, and apprehends without the exercise of thought"

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJiCU6Jw0Co&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSQwS1Hf0yEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=sU537f4bnFM&NR=1http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3117338213439292490#http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvay28lZiHUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8K9dgqKmJ50&featurehttp://www.infowars.com/obama-implementing-martial-law-coup/http://www.frank13.com/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJiCU6Jw0Co&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSQwS1Hf0yEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=sU537f4bnFM&NR=1http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3117338213439292490#http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bvay28lZiHUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8K9dgqKmJ50&featurehttp://www.infowars.com/obama-implementing-martial-law-coup/http://www.frank13.com/


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_AssociationThe National Rifle Association of America (NRA) is an American non-profit 501(c)(4)lobbyinggroup[1][2] that advocates for the protection of the Second Amendment of the United States Bill ofRights, and the promotion of firearm ownership rights as well as marksmanship, firearm safety, and theprotection of hunting and self-defense in the United States.

The NRA sponsorsfirearm safety training courses, as well as marksmanship events featuring shootingskill and sports. According to a 1999Fortune survey, lawmakers and congressional staffers consideredNRA the most influential lobbying group.[2] Its political activity is based on the principle that gunownership is a civil liberty protected by the Second Amendment of the Bill of Rights, and the NRArefers to itself as the oldest continuously operating civil rights organization in the United States.According to its website, the NRA has 4.3 million members.[3]

Contents[hide]

1 History2 Sport and safety programs2.1 NRA firearms safety programs

2.2 Shooting sports2.3 NRA volunteers2.4 Grassroots fund-raising and shooting support2.5 Instructors2.6 Relations with other organizations3 Political activity3.1 Second Amendment3.2 Past elections3.2.1 1980 presidential election3.2.2 19943.3 Recent campaigns

3.3.1 1994 Federal Assault Weapons Ban3.3.2 Confiscations in New Orleans3.3.3 San Francisco's Proposition H3.4 Responses to mass shootings4 Publications5 Current leadership and policies6 Finances7 Popular culture8 Criticism8.1 From gun control advocates8.2 From other gun rights organizations

9 See also10 References11 Further reading12 External links

HistoryThe National Rifle Association was first chartered in the state of New York on November 17, 1871.[4] byArmy and Navy JournaleditorWilliam Conant Church and General George Wood Wingate. Itsfirst President was Civil War General Ambrose Burnside, who had worked as aRhode

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tshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firearm_safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-Timewarner.com-2%23cite_note-Timewarner.com-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_libertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-members-3%23cite_note-members-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#%23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#History%23Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Sport_and_safety_programs%23Sport_and_safety_programshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#NRA_firearms_safety_programs%23NRA_firearms_safety_programshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Shooting_sports%23Shooting_sportshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#NRA_volunteers%23NRA_volunteershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Grassroots_fund-raising_and_shooting_support%23Grassroots_fund-raising_and_shooting_supporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Instructors%23Instructorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Relations_with_other_organizations%23Relations_with_other_organizationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Political_activity%23Political_activityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Second_Amendment%23Second_Amendmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Past_elections%23Past_electionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#1980_presidential_election%231980_presidential_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#1994%231994http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Recent_campaigns%23Recent_campaignshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#1994_Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban%231994_Federal_Assault_Weapons_Banhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Confiscations_in_New_Orleans%23Confiscations_in_New_Orleanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#San_Francisco.27s_Proposition_H%23San_Francisco.27s_Proposition_Hhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Responses_to_mass_shootings%23Responses_to_mass_shootingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Publications%23Publicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Current_leadership_and_policies%23Current_leadership_and_policieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Finances%23Financeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Popular_culture%23Popular_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Criticism%23Criticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#From_gun_control_advocates%23From_gun_control_advocateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#From_other_gun_rights_organizations%23From_other_gun_rights_organizationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#See_also%23See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#References%23Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#Further_reading%23Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#External_links%23External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-4%23cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_and_Navy_Journalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Conant_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Wood_Wingatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose_Burnsidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island


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Islandgunsmith, and Wingate was the original Secretary of the organization. Church succeededBurnside as President in the following year.Union Army records for theAmerican Civil Warindicate that its troops fired about 1,000 rifle shotsfor each Confederate soldier hit, causing General Burnside to lament his recruits: "Out of ten soldierswho are perfect indrill and themanual of arms, only one knows the purpose of thesights on his gun orcan hit the broad side of a barn."[5] United States infantryarmed with potentially accurate rifles often

fought using volley tactics, devised for earlier inaccurate smoothbore muskets,[6]because the UnitedStates Armyhad failed to keep pace with European military training for tactical advantage from rifletechnology.Wingate traveled to Europe and observed European armies' marksmanship training programs. Withplans provided by Wingate, the New York legislature funded the construction of amodern range atCreedmore, Long Island, for long-range shooting competitions. Wingate then wrote amarksmanship manual.[5]After winning the British Empire championship at Wimbledon, London, in 1874, the Irish Rifle Teamissued a challenge through the New York Herald to riflemen of the United States to raise a team for along-range match to determine a British-American championship. The NRA organized a team througha subsidiary Amateur Rifle Club.Remington Arms andSharps Rifle Manufacturing

Companyproducedbreech-loading weapons for the team. Although muzzle-loading rifles had longbeen considered more accurate, eight American riflemen won the match firing breech-loading rifles atCreedmore ranges of 800 to 1000 yards. New York Herald publicity established the obsolescence ofmuzzle-loading firearms, demonstrated the quality of breech-loading firearms, provided public supportfor military marksmanship training, and promoted the NRA to national prominence.[5]The NRA organized rifle clubs in other states, and many state National Guard organizations soughtNRA advice to improve their marksmanship through the following years. Wingate's markmanshipmanual evolved into the United States Army marksmanship instruction program.[5] FormerU.S.PresidentUlysses S. Grant served as the NRA's eighth President[7] and General Philip H. Sheridan asits ninth.[8]United States Congress created the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice in1901 to include representatives from the NRA, National Guard, and United States military services. Aprogram of annual rifle and pistol competitions was authorized including a national match open tomilitary and civilian shooters. NRA headquarters moved toWashington, D.C. to facilitate theorganization's government role encouraging rifle shooting.[5]The Civilian Marksmanship Program was authorized by Congress in 1903 and run by the United StatesArmy from 1916 to 1996 to transfer obsolete military firearms to United States civilians to learn andpractice marksmanship skills with NRA so they would be skilled marksmen if later called on to servein the U.S. military.[9]Springfield Armory and Rock Island Arsenalbegan manufacturing new M1903Springfield rifles for civilian members of the NRA in 1910. These were identical to standard issuemilitary rifles at the time; although some were stamped with NRA and a flaming bomb symbol on theforward tang of the trigger guard so they would not appear to be stolen government property.Production for military service interrupted sales to NRA members during World War I, but productionfor civilian NRA members resumed between the world wars.[10]NRA formed a legislative affairs division in response to debate concerning passage of theNationalFirearms Act in 1934.[11] NRA supported that act, the first major federal legislation about gun control,and also supported the Gun Control Act of 1968. The two acts created a system to license gun dealersand imposed very high taxes on the private ownership of automatic weapons ("machine guns").[12]Sport and safety programsNRA firearms safety programs

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this sectionbyadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged

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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remington_Armshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharps_Rifle_Manufacturing_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharps_Rifle_Manufacturing_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breech-loading_weaponhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzzle-loading_riflehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-craige-5%23cite_note-craige-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-craige-5%23cite_note-craige-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Granthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-7%23cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_H._Sheridanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-8%23cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-craige-5%23cite_note-craige-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian_Marksmanship_Programhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-thecmp-9%23cite_note-thecmp-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_Armoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Island_Arsenalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1903_Springfieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_Ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-10%23cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Firearms_Acthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Firearms_Acthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-11%23cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_Control_Act_of_1968http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-12%23cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1


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and removed. (December 2012)

NRA headquarters inFairfax, Virginia

The NRA sponsors a range of safety programs to educate and encourage the safe use of firearms.NRA hunting safety courses are offered all across the U.S. for both children and adults. In recent yearsgun safety classes oriented more towards firearm safety, particularly for women, have become popular.Intended for school-age children, the NRA's "Eddie Eagle" program encourages the viewer to "Stop!Don't touch! Leave the area! Tell an adult!" if the child ever sees a firearm lying around. The NRA hasclaimed that studies prove the "Eddie Eagle" program reduces the likelihood of firearms accidents inthe home, and the program is used in many elementary schools nationwide.The NRA in its instructional guide The Basics of Personal Protection In The Home (published in 2000)has chapters on Basic Firearm Safety and Safe Firearm Storage.Shooting sports

This section relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Relevant discussion may

be found on thetalk page. Please helpimprove this article by introducing citations toadditional sources. (December 2012)

Historically, the NRA has governed and advanced the shooting sports in the United States. However,in 1992 the NRA ceased to be the National Governing Body for Olympic shooting (USA Shooting isnow the NGB), and in 2000 the NRA chose not to be a member of the National Three-Position AirRifle Council. The NRA is not directly involved in the practical pistol competitions conducted bythe International Practical Shooting Confederation andInternational Defensive Pistol Association, orin cowboy action shooting; both of these types of events have grown dramatically in recent years.The Bianchi Cup, hosted by NRA is considered among the most lucrative of all the shooting sportstournaments.However, the National Rifle and Pistol Matches atCamp Perry are sponsored by the NRA, which mostconsider the "World Series of competitive shooting".[13] Commonly known asBullseyeorConventional Pistol, shooters from the military as well as many top-ranked civilians gather annually inJuly and August for this well-attended competition. The NRA also sponsors its National MuzzleLoading Championship at theNational Muzzle Loading RifleAssociation's Friendship,Indiana facility.The NRA functions as a general promoter of the shooting sports. The NRA house magazine, AmericanRifleman, covers major shooting competitions and related topics, and the NRA offers a publicationdedicated to competitive shooting, Shooting Sports USA. Most competitive shooters are NRAmembers.

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The current NRA competitions division publishes its own rulebooks, maintains a registry ofmarksmanship classifications, and sanctions matches.The NRA also represents the USA on the International Confederation of Fullbore Rifle Associations(ICFRA), which has as its primary function the administration of the World Long-Range Rifle TeamChampionships, contested every four years for the PALMA trophy, presented by the NRA forcompetition by "The Riflemen of The World".

NRA volunteersThis section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this sectionbyadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challengedand removed. (December 2012)

Many NRA competitions would not be possible without the help of volunteers. The NRA hosts morethan 500 volunteers during the NRA National Rifle & Pistol Championships in Camp Perry, Ohio.Grassroots fund-raising and shooting supportFriends of NRA is a grassroots fund-raising program that fosters community involvement, raisesmoney, and gives 100 percent of the net proceeds to qualified local, state, and national programs.Working with the NRAs field staff, thousands of volunteers nationwide participate in the program byorganizing committees and planning events in their communities. Monies raised at these events go to

The NRA Foundation, a501(c)(3) charitable organization.[14]Established in 1990, The NRA Foundation raises tax-deductible contributions in support of a widerange offirearm relatedpublic interest activities of the National Rifle Association of America andother organizations that defend and foster the Second Amendment rights of all law-abiding Americans.These activities are designed to promote firearms and hunting safety, to enhancemarksmanship skillsof those participating in the shooting sports, and to educate the general public about firearms in theirhistoric, technological and artistic context. Funds granted by The NRA Foundation benefit a variety ofconstituencies throughout the United States including children, youth, women, individuals withphysical disabilities, gun collectors, law enforcement officers, hunters and competitive shooters.[15]Instructors

This section relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Relevant discussion may be found

on the talk page. Please helpimprove this article by introducing citations to additionalsources. (December 2012)

The National Rifle Association will issue recognition credentials to individuals who are trained by theAssociation to be instructors. Divisions of instructor are divided into what are referred to as"disciplines". Each discipline earned is indicative that the person is qualified to teach in relation to thatarea. Instruction in a particular field includes marksmanship, maintenance, and legalities. Instructorsare required to teach at least 1 person per year in each discipline in order to keep their certification inthat discipline current. There are varied levels of most disciplines, including Apprentice Instructor,Assistant Instructor, and Certified Instructor. This differentiation is primarily a matter of age andlegality. A person can become an Apprentice Instructor as early as the age of 15, with upgrade toAssistant upon turning 18, and upgrade to certified instructor at the age of 21. Per the NRA's policies

for instructors, Apprentice and Assistant Instructors are not allowed to conduct courses alone. Acertified instructor must be in charge of the course. The NRA recommends that one instructorsupervises no more than 4 students on the firing line at one time, though it's not a requirement it ishighly recommended, for this reason, and others most instructors work in teams, though Instructorsmay work alone if they choose. In cases where multiple instructors are present it is not uncommon tohave a Range Safety Officer. Instructors and Range Safety Officers are trained by Training Counselors,who are themselves trained by Senior and/or Master Training Counselors or NRA Staff in TrainingCounselor WorkshopsNRAHQ.orgInstructors are first and foremost responsible for following and

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teaching the principles of safety, including the "Three Rules of Safe Gun Handling." Disciplinesinclude (but are not limited to):Home Firearms SafetyRifleMuzzle-loading RifleShotgun

Muzzle-loading ShotgunPistolMuzzle-loading PistolPersonal Protection in the Home (The required course for obtaining a Concealed Carry License inMichigan)Personal Protection Outside the HomeReloading Metallic CartridgesReloading Shotgun ShellsRange Safety OfficerChief Range Safety OfficerInstructors not only teach firearms usage, care, and cleaning, but can coach students and other persons

and help them develop Marksmanship skills. In order to help encourage firearms practice, the NRA hasa Marksmanship Qualification Program. This program is divided into several disciplines and eachdiscipline has multiple awards that can be obtained. The awards are offered for successfullycompleting each in a series progressively more difficult courses of fire. All of these awards, exceptDistinguished Expert, are on the honor system. An NRA certified coach or certified instructor mustwitness the participant successfully complete the course of for this more prestigious of awards. Theawards are provided in the form of "rockers" which are typically sewn on below a large rounddiscipline-specific patch. The various awards are as follows:Basic PracticalPro-MarksmanMarksmanMarksman First ClassSharpshooter; Bars 19ExpertDistinguished ExpertThe ranks Pro-Marksman through Expert can be self certified, but the rank of Distinguished Expertmust be witnessed by another NRA Member, or by an NRA certified instructor or certified coach. TheNational Rifle Association keeps a list of its registered Instructors and can contact them for thoseseeking instruction. NRA Instructors can commonly be found at privately owned firearms ranges, andare commonly employed by the Boy Scouts of America on their summer camps. NRA Instructorscannot issue Concealed Carry Permits, or Tax Stamps for restricted firearms types, such writs must beissued at the state, or federal levels of government.The NRA publishes gun safety rules. Three rules are given special importance and are known as thefundamental NRA rules for safe gun handling:[16]Always keep the gun pointed in a safe direction.Always keep your finger off the trigger until ready to shoot.Always keep the gun unloaded until ready to use.Relations with other organizations

This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this sectionbyadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challengedand removed. (December 2012)

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The National Rifle Association maintains ties with other organizations such as the Boy Scouts ofAmerica, and 4-H. NRA relations with these groups include monetary donations, equipment donationsto supply firearms ranges, and provision of instructors to assist in their programs. Notably, the BoyScouts of America has strict guidelines on who is allowed to operate their ranges, the recognizedpersonnel groups including NRA Certified Instructors along with military and law enforcement.The NRA joined the American Civil Liberties Unionand several other civil liberties organizations in

joint letters to President Clinton on 10 January 1994 and to the House Committee on the Judiciary on24 October 1995 calling for federal law enforcement reforms drawing on lessons from Waco andRubyRidge.Political activityThe Institute for Legislative Action (ILA) is the lobbying arm of the National Rifle Association ofAmerica.[17]Members of Congress have ranked the NRA as the most powerful lobbying organization in the countryseveral years in a row.[2]Opponents of the organization accuse it of unduly influencing politicalappointments.[18]Chris W. Cox is the NRA's chief lobbyist and principal political strategist, aposition he has held since 2002.During the 2008 presidential campaign, the NRA spent $10 million.[19] In 2011, the organization

refused an offer to discuss gun control with U.S. President Barack Obama. In response to theinvitation, NRA CEO Wayne LaPierre said "Why should I or the N.R.A. go sit down with a group ofpeople that have spent a lifetime trying to destroy the Second Amendment in the United States?" In hisstatement, LaPierre named Secretary of StateHillary Clinton andU.S. Attorney General Eric Holder(both Democrats) as examples of the "people" he referred to.[20]Eight U.S. Presidents have been NRA members. They are Ulysses S. Grant,TheodoreRoosevelt,William Howard Taft,Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy,Richard M. Nixon,RonaldReagan, and George H. W. Bush.[21]Nixon disavowed his "Honorary Life Membership" in 1969 andBush resigned in 1992 after a politically charged ad by the Association regarding the BATFE.[22]Second AmendmentIn its lobbying forgun rights, the NRA asserts the Second Amendment guarantees the right ofindividuals to bear arms. The NRA opposes measures which it believes conflict with the SecondAmendment and/or the right to privacy enjoyed by gun owning citizens. Additionally, the NRA haslitigated against legislation such as theBrady Bill on the grounds that it conflicted with the TenthAmendment, not the Second Amendment. Because the NRA considers gun ownership to be a civilright, the organization calls itself the "oldest civil rights organization in the United States", as it wasfounded in 1871.[23][24][25]On June 26, 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled for the first time in American history in District ofColumbia v. Hellerthat the Second Amendment provides for an individual right to own a gun. Theimplication of this major decision will play out over the next several decades.[More Info Needed]However, the lawyer who organized the plaintiffs, Robert Levy, told theWashington Post he is "not amember of any of those pro-gun groups", and the case was funded only by him.[26] The NRA hassince been a party to a lawsuit contesting the emergency legislation enacted by the D.C. government,claiming it violates the Constitution by continuing to ban all semi-automatic handguns, and byrequiring that any firearm in the home be disassembled, unloaded, and locked away unless there is animmediate threat of violence.[27]In 2005, the NRA, the Second Amendment Foundation (SAF), and others successfully sued NewOrleans mayorRay Naginand others to stop unconstitutional gun seizures in the wake ofHurricaneKatrina. As of March 2006, documents were filed by NRA, SAF, et al. seeking to hold Nagin andothers in contempt of court for violating the consent order. The case isNational Rifle Association ofAmerica, Inc., et al. v. C. Ray Nagin et al..[28][29]

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In the first week of March, the U.S. Supreme Court heard oral arguments in theMcDonald v. City ofChicago case to further clarify the issue of Second Amendment rights. While the NRA was notinvolved in McDonald, the NRA's narrower lawsuit against Chicago, known as NRA v. Chicago, wascombined with McDonald before the Supreme Court. The Court ruled in favor of Otis McDonald onJune 28, 2010. In ruling in McDonald's favor, the Court held that like other substantive rights in theBill of Rights, the 2nd Amendment is incorporated via the 14th Amendment and therefore applies to

the States.The NRA supported the case ofBrian Aitken, aNew Jersey resident who was sentenced to seven yearsin state prison for transporting guns without a carry permit.[30] Wayne LaPierre, VP of the NRA,stated "The NRA's Civil

Rights Defense Fund is helping to pay for Brian Aitken's appeal, and we will continue to support legalefforts to free Aitken from his sentence, but the governor can act much more quickly than thecourts."[31] On December 20, 2010, GovernorChris Christie granted Aitkenclemency and orderedAitken's immediate release from prison.[32]Past elections1980 presidential election

Four days before the November 4 voting in the 1980 presidential election, the NRA endorsed apresidential candidate for the first time in its history, backing Ronald Reagan overJimmy Carter.Reagan had received the California Rifle and Pistol Association's Outstanding Public Service Award.Carter had appointed Abner J. Mikva, a strong proponent of gun control, to a federal judgeship and hadsupported theAlaska Lands Bill, closing 40,000,000 acres (160,000 km2) to hunting.[33]1994In the 1994 election the NRA is often credited with defeating Congressmen Jack Brooks and TomFoley (the first Speaker of the House to lose reelection since 1862).Bill Clintonwrote:

The NRA had a great night. They beat both Speaker Tom Foley and Jack Brooks, two of theablest members of Congress, who had warned me this would happen. Foley was the firstSpeaker to be defeated in more than a century. Jack Brooks had supported the NRA for years

and had led the fight against the assault weapons ban in the House, but as chairman of theJudiciary Committee he had voted for the overall crime bill even after the ban was put into it.The NRA was an unforgiving master: one strike and you're out. The gun lobby claimed tohave defeated nineteen of the twenty-four members on its hit list. They did at least that muchdamage and could rightly claim to have made Gingrich the House Speaker.

Bill Clinton, My Life pp 62930

Recent campaigns

The section's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Pleasehelp improve the article by updating it. There may be additional information on thetalkpage. (December 2012)

Many gun-control laws that the NRA opposed have been passed throughout the country. These lawsrange from the near-total ban on gun ownership in Washington, D.C. (ultimately found to beunconstitutional in District of Columbia v. Heller), to the outlawing of entire classes of firearms inmany states as well as at the federal level, to the licensing of firearms owners in some jurisdictions.The NRA opposes most new gun-control legislation, calling instead for stricter enforcement of existinglaws such as prohibiting convicted felons and violent criminals from possessing firearms and increasedsentencing for gun-related crimes. The NRA also lobbies for "shall issue" right-to-carry lawsforconcealed carrylicenses in many states. It also takes positions on non-firearm hunting issues, such

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as supporting wildlife management programs that allow hunting and opposing restrictions on deviceslikecrossbows and leg hold traps.One example of the NRA's legislative effectiveness is that, while 7 US states and the District ofColumbia still generally restrict the issuance of concealed carry permits ("may issue" or "no-issue"), 38states have mandatory shall-issue issuance of such permits upon the applicant demonstratingcompletion of a training requirement or other basic criteria, 3 states have may-issue permits that are

liberally issued by local law enforcement, and four states (Wyoming,Alaska,Arizona, andVermont)allow concealed carry without any permit, training, or testing requirements (constitutional carry).[34]The NRA's policy is that it will endorse anyincumbent who supports its positions, even if thechallenger supports them as well, as incumbents tend to hold more political power. For example, inthe 2006 Senate Elections the NRA endorsed Rick Santorum overBob Casey, Jr. even though theyboth had an "A" rating from the NRA Political Victory Fund, because of Santorum's history of supportfor the NRA's interests in Congress.[35]1994 Federal Assault Weapons BanIn 2004 the NRA opposed renewal of the Federal Assault Weapons Ban of 1994, which banned manyfeatures of certain semiautomatic rifles and certain types of removablemagazines gun controladvocates wanted to make the ban permanent and expand it. The NRA succeeded, and the ban expired

at midnight on September 13, 2004.[36]Confiscations in New OrleansIn the aftermath ofHurricane Katrina, multiple reports of confiscations of civilian firearms by lawenforcement began coming out ofNew Orleans. Firearm searches of evacuees were carried out prior toallowing them into evacuation centers,[37]house-to-house firearm confiscations were conducted,[38] and the superintendent of police was quoted as saying "Only law enforcement are allowed to haveweapons" and "We are going to take all of the weapons."[39]On September 12, 2005 National Rifle Association executive vice-presidentWayne LaPierre spoke outagainst these confiscations. "What weve seen in Louisiana the breakdown of law and order in theaftermath of disaster is exactly the kind of situation where the Second Amendment was intended toallow citizens to protect themselves," LaPierre said. The NRA filed suit in the United States DistrictCourt for the Eastern District in Louisiana.On September 23, two weeks after seizures began, NRA and the Second Amendment Foundation filedfor a temporary restraining order. On September 24, 2005 U.S. District Court for the Eastern District ofLouisiana issued a temporary restraining order barring any further gun confiscations and ordering thereturn of lawfully owned firearms to their owners. On March 1, 2006, the NRA filed a motionforcontemptagainst the city of New Orleans, its mayor, and the chief of police for failure to complywith therestraining order. On March 15, 2006, lawyers from both sides reached an agreement in thecase of NRA v. Mayor Ray Nagin, which is pending before a federal court. The city of New Orleansadmitted that it holds a number of confiscated firearms, and the Property and Evidence Division of theNew Orleans Police Department is to return the firearms to their owners on request and proof ofownership or affidavit. In the chaos and destruction following Katrina many homeowners have,however, lost everything including the paperwork that would prove ownership. At this time (2006) themajority of the seized firearms have not been returned to the rightful owners. (SeeFourth Amendmentto the United States Constitution.)In June 2006 Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco signed the NRA-backedAct 275, forbidding theconfiscation of firearms from lawful citizens during declared emergencies. Similar legislation hadalready been adopted in nine other states.[citation needed]On October 4, 2006 President George W. Bush signed into law the NRA-backed Disaster RecoveryPersonal Protection Act of 2006 (incorporated into the Department of Homeland SecurityAppropriations bill). This legislation prohibits the confiscation of legal firearms from citizens duringstates of emergency by any agent of the Federal Government or anyone receiving Federal funds

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(effectively, any Federal, state, or local governmental entity). Introduced in Congress by Rep. BobbyJindaland Sen.David Vitter, both of Louisiana, this bill enjoyed broad bipartisan support, passing theHouse of Representatives with a margin of 32299 and the Senate by 8416.Also seeCivil disturbances and military action in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.San Francisco's Proposition HIn November 2005, 58% of voters in San Francisco, California, approved "Proposition H", which

would ban the sale, manufacture and distribution of firearms and ammunition (as well as thepossession of handguns) within city limits, effective January 1, 2006. (The last gun dealer in the cityhad closed several years earlier because of a special tax.) San Francisco thereby became the third majorcity in the United States with a handgun ban, afterChicagoandWashington, D.C..[citation needed]The day after the election, the NRA and other gun advocates filed a lawsuit challenging the ban, sayingit oversteps local government authority and intrudes into an area regulated by the state. (A previoushandgun ban, adopted in 1984, was successfully challenged on similar grounds.) On June 12, 2006,the Court agreed with the NRA position, saying that California law "implicitly prohibits a city orcounty from banning gun possession by law-abiding adults".[40]The City appealed Judge Warren's ruling, but lost in a unanimous opinion from the three judge panel inthe Court of Appealissued on January 9, 2008.[citation needed]

Responses to mass shootingsThe N.R.A. generally makes minimal public comment after mass shootings such as the ColumbineHigh School massacre, theVirginia Tech massacre and others,[41][42][43] while subsequentlyworking to stall legislation introduced in the wake of such shootings.[41][42]According to theNewYork Times, a strategy has been perfected over the years: "Lie low at first, then slow-roll anylegislative push for a response."[41] For example, after the Columbine school shooting, an effort torequire that unlicensed dealers atgun shows require background checks ultimately diedin conference after having been stalled for months.[41] After the Virginia Tech shootings, the N.R.A.lobbied extensively to minimize permanent mental illness restrictions against gun ownership forpatients with temporary medical conditions such as depression, through advocating judicial review ofmedical conditions of patients rather than simply imposing permanent prohibitions of gun ownershipfor temporary medical conditions.[44][42]Immediately following theSandy Hook Elementary School shootings, the N.R.A. deactivatedits Facebookpage and its Twitterfeed fell silent.[43] After four days, the N.R.A. issued a statementsaying it was "shocked, saddened and heartbroken" by the Newtown shootings and was prepared "tohelp make sure this never happens again."[43][45]PublicationsThe NRA publishes a number ofperiodicals including:[46]American Rifleman[47]American HunterShooting IllustratedAmerica's 1st FreedomShooting Sports USAIn addition to the periodicals, the NRA has published a collection of classic firearms titles through itsaffiliate Palladium Press LLC. These are collectible leather-bound books available throughsubscription on a monthly schedule.Current leadership and policiesThe NRA organization is governed by a large (typically 76-member) board of directors. The directorschoose the president, the leading spokesman for the organization, from among their members.Although traditionally this position changed annually, for several years it was consecutively held byactor and activistCharlton Heston, who was a compelling promoter of the NRA agenda. Hestonbecame afflicted withAlzheimer's disease and stepped down in April 2003. David Keene is the current

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president, replacing Ron Schmeitswho served 20092011. John C. Siglerserved 20072009. SandraFroman served 20052007. Marion P. Hammerwas the first female president, serving from 1995 to1998.[citation needed]The organization also has an Executive Vice President, who is not a director but functions as ChiefExecutive Officer, appointed at the pleasure of the directors.Wayne LaPierrehas held this positionsince 1991. The Executive Director of the NRA Institute for Legislative Action is Chris W. Cox, who

has been appointed by LaPierre every year since 2002. Kayne Robinson was also reappointedExecutive Director of NRA General Operations.[48]FinancesAnnual revenues for the NRA were around $150 million in 1994, up from $66 million in 1986. It spent$15 million on a new headquarters in the 1990s.The NRA Office of Advancement[49] was created in 2005 to focus on building the NRA's endowmentand underwriting programs and projects through strategic, planned, and corporate gifts across theorganization including the NRA, the NRA Foundation, NRA-ILA, the NRA Freedom ActionFoundation, the NRA Whittington Center, and the Civil Rights Defense Fund. In 2007, the NRAOffice of Advancement launched a new donor recognition society called the Ring of Freedom[50] In2010, the NRA Foundation was designated a Four Star Charity byCharity Navigatorfor the eighth

consecutive year. The Office of Advancement also coordinates the "I'm the NRA and I Give"advertising campaign[51] and publishes the Ring of Freedom magazine.[52]According to the Better Business Bureau's web site, the NRA does not fall within the BBB's scope ofStandards for Charity Accountability. They do note the following financials for the NRA as ofDecember 31, 2004. The NRA's CEO, Wayne LaPierre, received a yearly salary of $895,897 in 2004.They also indicated that fundraising costs accounted for 46% of the contributions received. The NRAis a 501(c)(4) organizationand indicated that the NRA's total income in 2004 was $205,402,491 andhad expenses of $206,886,970. Total NRA assets at the end of 2004 were $222,841,128.Popular cultureThe NRA has received both positive and negative criticism in the popular media, and its image hasincluded references in television shows and other forms of popular culture. In 2000, the NRAannounced plans (never completed) to open up a NRA Sports Blast in Times Square (New York).[53] The themed restaurant would have featured food, arcade attractions, and other NRA-themedentertainment.[citation needed]CriticismFrom gun control advocatesThe NRA is criticized by gun controlgroups such as theCoalition to Stop Gun Violence,BradyCampaign, Million Mom March, andAmericans for Gun Safety. The Coalition to Stop Gun Violencehas criticized the NRA for its "warped conception of popular sovereignty...that citizens need to armthemselves to safeguard political liberties against threats by the government."[54] It went on to addthat "if [the NRA members] believe in the right to take up arms to resist government policies theyconsider oppressive, even when these policies have been adopted by elected officials and subjected toreview by an independent judiciary, then they are opposed to constitutional democracy." Morespecifically, the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun violence has stated that, as a result of the NRA'slobbying, gun crime has "soared" and a teenager can "purchase an AK-47 semi-automatic assault rifleat a gun show without having to show ID and without a background check."[55] Jim Kessler, of theThird Way (a pro-gun control group that has incorporated Americans for Gun Safety), has alsocriticized the NRA for promoting a bill that limited information that was disseminated regarding gunsthat have been used to commit crimes.[56]A variety ofnewspapereditorial boards, including theNew York Times,Washington Post, LosAngeles Times, and USA Today, disagree with the NRA's policies, such as in September 2004, whenthe boards called for the extension of the assault weapons ban. In 2008 the New York Times criticized

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Schmeitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Schmeitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Siglerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Fromanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Fromanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_P._Hammerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_P._Hammerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_LaPierrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_LaPierrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_W._Coxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-48%23cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-48%23cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-49%23cite_note-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-50%23cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charity_Navigatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charity_Navigatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-51%23cite_note-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-52%23cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Better_Business_Bureauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/501(c)(4)#501.28c.29.284.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/501(c)(4)#501.28c.29.284.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-53%23cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_to_Stop_Gun_Violencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_to_Stop_Gun_Violencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady_Campaignhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady_Campaignhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady_Campaignhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Million_Mom_Marchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Million_Mom_Marchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_for_Gun_Safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_for_Gun_Safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-54%23cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-55%23cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-56%23cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editorial_boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Posthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Todayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_assault_weapons_banhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Schmeitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Siglerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Fromanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Fromanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_P._Hammerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_LaPierrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_W._Coxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-48%23cite_note-48http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-49%23cite_note-49http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-50%23cite_note-50http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charity_Navigatorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-51%23cite_note-51http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-52%23cite_note-52http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Better_Business_Bureauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/501(c)(4)#501.28c.29.284.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-53%23cite_note-53http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_to_Stop_Gun_Violencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady_Campaignhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brady_Campaignhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Million_Mom_Marchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_for_Gun_Safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-54%23cite_note-54http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-55%23cite_note-55http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Rifle_Association#cite_note-56%23cite_note-56http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editorial_boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Posthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Todayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_assault_weapons_ban


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the NRA for promoting politicians that oppose what the Times considers "sensible gun controllaws."[57] In addition, the NRA's publications prompted former U.S. President George H. W. Bush toresign his lifelong membership[58]after they published an advertisement calling federal agents,specifically those of the ATF, "jack-booted government thugs" out to take away individual gun

was newtown massacre instigated by cia to cause disarmament preparing for marshall law

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