Warsaw University of TechnologyWarsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of Electronics and Information TechnologyFaculty of Electronics and Information Technology

Institute of Electronic SystemsInstitute of Electronic Systems

„High sensitivity CCD cameras for ....

Camera designers

Electronics:

Marcin Grajdab) Grzegorz Kasprowicza), Sławomir Stankiewiczb),

Mount:

Henryk Czyrkowski, Mikolaj Cwiok, Ryszard Dabrowskisupervised by:

•a) R. Romaniuk, K. Pozniak, Institute of Electronic Systems

•b) A.Burd, Institute of Electronic Systems

project coordinators:

•G.Wrochna, Institute for Nuclear Studies

•L.Mankiewicz, Center for Theoretical Physic PAS

Required camera parametersRequired camera parameters

•low-noise, high sensitivity

•high resolution of optics and data

•wide observation angle

•fast camera-host computer data transfer

•mechanical shutter (10^7 duty cycles)

•side light beams attenuation

•lowest possible cost (possible multiplication)

Side view on the camera: with (left)

and without case (top)

PCB – with small „corrections”

„„First steps” (1) – K0, K1First steps” (1) – K0, K1

„„First steps” (2) – K0, K1First steps” (2) – K0, K1

K1 shutter design

K0, K1 – on the mount

Achieved goalsAchieved goals

•two working low-noise cameras – K2a, K2b

•precise mount able to point both cameras in any visible part of the Sky

•(R&D) – new, low-noise amplifier capable to amplify CCD signal with better parameters than now installed

Achieved goals - camera parametersAchieved goals - camera parameters

•CCD: 2048 x 2048 pixels, (15µm x 15µm) – Fairchild CCD442

•ADC: 16 bit – Analog Devices ADC AD9826

•shortest possible readout time ~1s

•35O x 35O view angle

•data noise: depend of readout speed (results: later)

•30.72 x 30.72mm image area

•dynamic range 10000:1

Firmware download and „security”Firmware download and „security”

•fully, remote upgradable firmware of FPGA and Cypress microcontroller

•watchdog reset system in the camera

•microcontroller firmware loaded only into RAM memory

•host computers can reset each other

•UPS suppliers

“Security” systems

Variable parametersVariable parameters

•exposure - length/start

•readout time (1s-100s)

•ADC amplification (1,2,4,8 e/ADU)

•OP AMP amplification x8/x20

•ADC offset level - –300mV/+300mV

•temperature of Peltier’s stack

K2 – PCB’sK2 – PCB’s

K2 – digital PCB

K2 – analog +CCD PCB

K2 – caseK2 – case

K2 – lens, focus motor and temp. sensor

K2 – tubular shape. Fan on the bottom

camera mechanics designed by H.Czyrkowski i R.Dabrowski

K2 – test site Brwinow – PolandK2 – test site Brwinow – Poland

K2 – ...on the roof. Sky test shoots were made here

K2 – the mountK2 – the mount

K2 – the mount and one of its designers M.Ćwiok

Brwinow by night...

First imagesFirst images

At last - the stars!!!

Too cloudy – art purposes only...

Results of noise measurementsResults of noise measurements

CCD

mV/eMHz Preamp

Sigma e average

Range ADU

range

bits

K2a

4,12 1 20 11,6 5958 12,5

4,12 2 8 15,9 10868 13,4

K2b

4,03 1 20 10,9 6508 12,7

4,03 2 8 16,0 11108 13,4

Further plansFurther plans

•prepare development boards for further R&D (S.Stankiewicz)

•test a new low noise amplifier designed by dr A.Burd

•experiment with multisampling measurements and digital filters (M.Grajda)

•work out smaller, less expensive design suitable for schools, astronomy clubs etc. (G.Kasprowicz)

•CCD camera with 2000x2000 pixels have been designed

•one prototype and two final cameras have been built

•parameters achieved: readout 2MHz/2s, noise 15e (e~=4uV), dynamic range 13.5 bits

•two cameras on a robotic mount will be installed at Las Campanas (Chile) in June

SummarySummary