WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING

1. These barreled receivers are sold as is, with all faults and with no warranties, express or implied. CMP AND THE CORPORATION FOR THE PROMOTION OF RIFLE PRACTICE AND FIREARMS SAFETY MAKE NO WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY NATURE OR KIND WITH RESPECT TO THE PRODUCT.

2. Barreled receivers of any kind should not be assembled into operational rifles except by a competent gunsmith. The Purchaser of every used rifle should have the rifle examined by a competent gunsmith to determine whether the rifle is safe to shoot.

3. These barreled receivers in particular are sold as a collectors item only and are not intended for assembly into operational rifles by anyone.

4. Shooting an operational rifles assembled from these barreled receivers can be dangerous to a shooter's life, limb and property, and may result in death or serious injury to the shooter or to bystanders or both.

5. The United States Navy converted some of these barreled receivers from 30-06 caliber to 7.62 x 51 by inserting a sleeve into the 30-06 chamber. NUMEROUS incidents of ejection of such sleeves with an ejected empty 7.62 x 51 case have been reported. Chambering a 7.62 x 51 round into a 30-06 chamber may create a dangerous and deadly situation in which hot gasses under high pressure may be blown back towards the shooter. Other dangerous conditions may result in death or injury to anyone shooting, or near the rifle when it is shot. Additionally, 7.62 rounds might double feed with the second round being projectile to primer of the first round.

6. Dangerous and deadly situations may occur when a round other than one specified for the chamber of firearm is fired in any firearm. The rifle itself could blow up and cause serious injury or death to a shooter or observer and could also result in property damage.

7. Some 7.62x51 ammunition may have been stored or manufactured improperly and when fired may result in higher than normal pressures which might exceed the pressures for which M1 Garands were designed.

8. Navy Garands with 7.62MM barrels have generally slightly longer chambers. The use of commercial .308 ammunition in such rifles is dangerous and may result in serious injury or death.

9. For all of the above reasons, anyone purchasing one of the 7.62 barreled receivers agrees that he/she will NOT assemble the receiver into an operable firearm.

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SPRINGFIELD ARMORY

30 OCTOBER 1964

REPORT OF EVALUATION ON NAVY CONVERSION

0 RIFLE, U. S. CAL . 30, Ml TO FIRE 7 .62MM

AMMUNITION BY MODIFICATION TO THE BAR..."qEL

•

Prepared By:

,, . 1-v-.-clv(o-:J ·-:f. ~J.L &-<•A.

NICHOLAS J. ANGELIC.'

~a~~ CHIEF, ENG BR

S & ENG DIV

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. OBJECTIVE

II.

III.

IV.

v.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

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CONCLUSIONS

RECOMMENMTIONS

PROGRAM

DESIGN EVALUATION AND RESULTS

KINEMATIC TEST PROCEDURE

SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS

MODIFIED DSSIGN AND ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF Ml RIFLE BARREL ITH BUSHING VS NEW BARREL WITH 7. 62MM

CHAMBER

• PBNDIXES

A. NAVY BUSHING DRAW G 2256892 REV B4 DA.TED 24 OCT 1963

B. MODIFmD DESIGN SA • A28552 AND ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS

C. SKETCHES, CHARTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS

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I. OBJECTIVE

Engineering Branch Rea & Eng Division 30 October 1964

REPORT OF EVALUATION ON NAVY CONVERSION OF RIFLE, U. s. CAL .30 , Ml TO FIRE 7 .62MM AMMUNITION BY MODIFICATION TO THE BARREL

The primary purpose of this investigation wao to valuate ~d

dotermino the 'feas ibility and practicability of modifying rebuilt ifi e p

U. s. Ca .30, Ml to fire 7.62MM ammunition utilizing a Navy design steal

bushing assembled in the barrel chamber employing tho Navy aasemb~y

procedur • Thio modification was primarily intended to be a simple and

quick conomical field converaion.

Ii. CO.'CLUSIONS

• There is no positive method of assuring that the bushing will

b r t ined in the barrel chamber during life of barrel .

2. The Ml Rifle convorted to fire 7.6ZMM emmunition is considered

uncaf for launching ·gronad bacause of excesa1vQly high bolt recoil

v loci'tioo.

3. The ·1!14 Rifl h o a l arge muzzlo flash. The use~~ flash

hidor will ltminato flash; but addition of a flash hider will incroaao

i bt• coot and supply probl ~.

4. R oulta of limit d firing teats conduct d in connection • t h

t tudy indicat that thor• ill b a tend ncy for greater frequency of ·

fo d type ul unction• than i normally s oc1 t d with the Ml I

"'" Th M1B14 Rifl1 coav r ion 11 not conaid red to b iclc

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III. RECOMMENilA.TIONS

1. In the event of adoption of the MlE14 Rifle, it is

recommended that the solid barrel with ? . 62MM chawbv~ ta .. ·.,,.

of 1 i le barrels converted by means of a separate bushin to avoid

poton icl unsafe conditions .

2. The MlE14 Rifle should not be used for grena launching.

3. A flash hider should be used with t he conv rtad l Riflec . ) /f· l .. I h

4. A spacer \ similar to the ~!!'.t:I_Y..~.~'!~~.f}.f~···· ~?.e. .. -~fle, Cal • 30

raion should be used with the converted rifle to aid in guiding t ho 3 v

hortar 7.62MM cartridge into the chamber, and also prev~~t the oading

0 clip filled with Cal . 30 ammunition . ' ,.

IV. PROGRAM

1. Ao dir ct d by H adqunrtar AWC durin 3 Juno 1964 moot ins

field Armory, a program w outlinod to evaluate tho Navy

conv r ion of r built Ml Rifle to firo 7. 62MM ammunition by aooembly of

Navy Buohing, Drawing 2256892, R v B4, d t d Oct 24, 1963 (aoe•Appon ~= ) i to an Ml Rifl b r 1 ch~ber .

2. On 13 August 1964, Springfield Armory wac fundod and

uthorized to proce d with tho program. During an 8 October 1964 ~~etinu

·r 1 tive to reviewing th at tua of the program at Springfield Armory~

r cproacnt tivo from Headquart re AMC and AWC requested th Armory

complet and submit a report including conclusions and recommon~~ ions

• cortnin phaoos of the original program.· Tbe oo phases pertai~~ 0

ine . ring 1tudiao, kinam tic tests and preparation of a sui~~

bu hi~ d oign including r fin4m0nts b · d on r oult o n i•~~~in otudy .

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V. DESIGN EVALUATION AND RESULTS

1. The design evaluation described in the above pro~: am io

outlined and the results summarized as follows:

a. Review of Ml Rifle barrel drawings to idenc -.] ~aaign

changes released during mass production, for effect on bush~ne ~o tention.

A review was made of Ml Rifle drawings used in

c .nection with production of Ml barrel. Two chamber r~ "uirements

affecting pre-1942 m~ufactured barre·ls at. the front neck diame er and

l ocat ion of second shoulder were found which could signif~c~ tly

affect assembleability of bushing. These dimensions are shown in sl tch

number 2.

b. Reviaw of 11 barrel d, v i tiona authorized for ffcct

on r etention of th bushing.

A r view of authorized deviations relative to Ml b~rol

chamb r dimon ion41 r quir menta indicated that the deviations would not

•. dvoroe ly aff ct au mble bility and retention of bush ng ip barre l .. I

chmnb r.

c. Conduct dimensional studies of the inter olationship

b two n tho Ml Rifle bolt osembly, headapace condi i • 7.6ZMM

cartridge cas and tho bus.hing in the Ml Rifle barre 1 chamber.

(1) Study showed that there can be a resultant

diametral interference of .008 inch between the chamber body and the

mating.surface of the 7.62MM cartridge case se shown in Sketch Numb r 3.

This would n c oait te modification to Ml Rifl barr 1 chamb r body to

limin~t cortridg c • int rf r nc •

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Headquarters AWC authorized the Armory dur ing

early phase. of the program to design a special .reamer to r ~.ove the

interference after the bushing was seated by firing two M80 Bal1

rounds .

(2) Tha Navy drawing 2256892 Rev B4, dated 24 Oct 1963,

required phosphate coating of the bushing. This would affect re tent ion

of bushing in barrel chamber, since the coefficient of frict ion between

phosph ted surfaces and steel is less than that of steel on ~ ~~el.

The bushing should be free of any protective finish.

Note: Midway through the program the phosphate coating requirement

was deleted.

(3) The fit between the bushing diame ter and ~~~ing

barrel chamber diameter (Sketch Number 4) and the front neck can =esult in

an interference of .0015 with current barrel requirements and .0019 with

pre-1942 barrel requirements. An interference can result at the second

shoulder of the barrel involving length A, Sketch No. 2. T' is st dy

takes into consideration the resultant shortening of dimensions based

on extremes of tolerances relative to receiver, barre l and bolt, with

barrel shoulder crush and maximum stock removed from the first shoulder

of the barrel during the headspacing operation of the rebuilt -~. Rifle .

Sketch Number 5 illustrates that the front portion of the bushing can

strike' the second shoulder of the chamber and prevent the bushin rom

seatin because of a .0015 interference (current barrel design) to .0105

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Ske-ccb·'"Number 1 illustrates barrel chamber nomenclature used

throughout thia r port.

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int rference (pre - 1942 barrel design) .

(4) The 34° angle on bushing is differon than tha

gl t cond houldar of b rrel (Sk tch Numb r 6). An

r ult: b tw n t:h ,130P. m imum o bu d

p rm1 1b sharp cornor t th a cond boulder (Skatch 7). T

bov conditions advera ly affect bushing ssemble~~-!!t~ ~- ,.. ..,,..aont-4,.. ... ---------.-· f'•' .' :t:;Ih1:~

....... ~...... (S) With tho bushing assembled in th b ol

may be are ultant maxi~ free run of bullet of . 5177 inch in bu"l t

seat area prior to engraving by the rifling (See Sketch rumbcr 8).

The max~ free travel of bullet in Ml Rifle is .065 inch. Because

o length of bullet free run, greater than normal gas leakage wi

result in l arge muzzle flash . Excessive flash was observed during

kinematic tests explained later in report . Gas leakage will p~obably

accelerate erosion in bullet seat area in both o~!ginal barrel and t

softer bushing material. This may wear away the bushing material, - ~ ct

holding force of bushing, and result in loosening or complete loss,o£ tho

bushing from · chamber . The bushing material does not.have the erosio~

resisting qualities of the original barrel material . A l oose bushi in

barrel will disable the weapon. Complete loss of bushing can resu in

double feeding, one live round into another.

d. Study the dimensional relationship of eight r~und

cartridge clip and the Ml Rifle receiver when using 7. 62MM ~~~itio .. ,

including the review of all deviations on both receiver and clipa

(1) Tb r ar1 no deviati9ns on record for cith • th

Ml iflo racciv r or t c ip th

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affect entry of a ~lip loaded with 7.62MM cartridge into tho recoiv r.

(2) Sketch Number 9 shows the minimum cl crane

b twoon cartridg clip load d with Cal .30 ammunition§ in~~~ d i o

th comp r d to a cartrid clip lo d d wit 7. 2MM

unition. Th ,0035 minimum claaranc that may r sult cor t aL

we pona with a cartridge clip filled with 7,62MM ammunition may ~

margin 1, especially when the rifle is expouod to dus t d d rt.

e. Evaluation of Navy Bushing fit in barrel.

(1) The Navy Bushing design under all cor.cl t ic~ o

would not provide necessary plastic yielding of material to i nsure

permanent assembly in barrel chamber.

(2) The mintmum clearance between barrel and bushi 3

must be sufficient so that yield of bushing beyond limit wi 1 provide

plastic flow to conform to barrel chamber configuration with r ~dual

stress to result in sufficient pressure interference fit for r tentio

of bushing.

f. Non-destructive examination of barre s in conv ~ t d

rifles .

In all converted test rifles in which an interfere ce

condition in first shoulder area was eliminated, X-Ray examination

showed the bushings. were fully seated in barrel chamber.

VI. KINEMATIC TEST PROCEDURE

1. Eight Ml Rifl a lactad at random tb t pass r build

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function fir d 100 round• ch. Fou

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u d o obtain kinematic tast data as follows: ·

a. Projectile velocity at 78 feet from muzzl

b. Pressure readings inside gas cylinder .

c. Time-displacement curves using ball ammunit ion.

d. Time-displacement curves using cartridge~ Cal • 0,

M3 Grenade, Rifle, and Grenade, Rifle Practice, M31 (inert) .

2. The above eight rifles were convert d to MlE 4 c • sur t1on '

using the Navy design bushing except that the bushings w ra fre of

phosphate coating as follows:

a. Thoroughly clean chamber with trichloroethyl .....

b. Eliminate sharp corner in first shou ·ar are o · c

o · all rifles, using a special design reamer.

Not : This operation eliminated . the interference as shown in o!· tcb

numb r 7 and waa not included in original procedure.

c. Ro•clean chamber thoroughly ~ith trichlor y .. ~oo<::!!l .

d. Insert bushing and M80 Ball round in o br .. ~o

lock action and fir round. F d a second round of 0 B 11 i to c~

o.nd fire.

ote t It waa necessary to hand charge the action a number .. o

majority of rifles to seat the bushing and M80 Ball round inch,~

This was primarily due to interference of 7.62MM cartridge c

Ml Rifl chamber body . shown in ske tch number 3.

o. Aft r 1eating of the bushing,· the Ml Rifl b

. ch r body confi tion v r • haped to t 7.

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cartridge by using another special design reamer. This 1 o wao not 1

the original procedure but was found necessary to preclude ino~ inate

hand char ing during subsequent testing. Excessive hand charging

i ntroduced lil posoible safety hazzard. The reamed area of • amb r body

was polished to insure ease of cartridge extraction.

f. The gas port hole diameters (.0790 + .co 5) of t

1 ht Ml Rifle barrels were enlarged to .0995 diamater on four barrels

d . 1065 diameter on ~our barrels. The eight converced rif es v re

then unction fired 100 rounds each without utilizing a spac r . ·

g. Two rifles each with Qbove barrel port di~te

e1 cted and re-tested in 4Ccordcnce with par 1.

h. Still photographs were taken to r cord r sult t f

on t ot weapons without and with a T-37 Hider, Flas •

VII . SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS

1. The eight rifles were fired a total of 3100 r

" conv raion . Once the bushings were seated, there wor no bu hi

xtrc.ctions.

2. Headspace measurements of the eight Ml Rifles prior to

conversion were within Ml Rifle rebuild requiromento .

3. Beadspace measurements of seven out o eight conv 'io:'~cd

Fif1 s were up to .0055 inch under th · 1.6355 mintmum ho

r tr nt for t M14 Rifl • This may couse diffic 1 y

t Bolt in couvor d 'rifl••·

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are t bulated in Chart I, II and III.

a. The peak pressures taken inside the gao cylinder

tho bolt recoil velocities ar lower in the converted M~:4 ~-1 es t hen

in M r build riflea. M1El4 rifles having the .1065 inc barr 1 port

diameter more closely approximate the power of the Ml robu l d r fl •

b. Instrumental pruj6e~ilc vcluei~ies are tab~ - .ted· in ..... , ~~;~~~~· ~· o:.J,..i.U

Chart II. Round to. round variation in projectile velocities in tho

MlE14 rifle is greater than that recorded on r built 1 Rifles, and

muzzle velocities were higher in the M1El4 Rifle.

c. Data on Grenade Launcher teats are tabu ated in Ch t III.

Bolt opening velocities were dangerously high 'on the converted ri 1 o.

On two rifles, the bolt recoiled violently enough to strike rear of

· eceiver and bounce back into battery. This condition occ~r in ..

rifl s having barr ls with port-hole diameters of either .0995 or .1065

inchon.

5. Malfunction data are tabulated in Chart IV. ' W&.S

indication that feed type failures· would be greater than tho Ml Ri 1.

6. Muzzle flash on the converted MlE14 Rifle vas consider d

excessive using .ball ammunition. A Hider, Flash (T37) d signed for u e

with tho MlC &nd MlD Snipers Rifle was used in an effort to suprea

flaoh. The T-37 Fl h Hider eliminated this flash as hot:n . in photO...,."''"'" .. I

t n duri&l$ fir of insl a hots (aee Appendix ) •

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VIII. MODIFmD DESIGN

1. A modified bushing design and Ml Rifle barrel cham r

configuration including an assembly procedure are shown on Sketch

SA A28552 dated 30 Oct 64 1 sheets 1 through 5 (Appendix B).

2. Also included are .two additional concepts as shown in

alternative designs. Numbers 1 and 2 which would provide c~a t r

assurance of bushing retention in bt~rel chamber. These desiu are

considered more costly· for manufacture.

3. It should be recognized that further effort to ~ a~ • teat and evaluate the above designs will be required be ~ r y doc oion

on Qdoption•

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IX . COI'fi'ARATIVE ANALYSIS OF Ml RIFLE BARREL WITH

BUSHING VS NEW BARREL WITH 7.62MM CHAMBE

. I BARREL WITH BUSHING

1. Bushing conversion less costly.

2. Life quest ~onable.

3. Poorer accuracy, especially at longer ranges.

4. No economical means of inspection of bushing in barrel. No positive assurance bushing will remain in chamber.

5. Free run of bullet approximately 9 times that of Ml or Ml4 barrels.

6. Bushing may become loose presenting a safety hazard.

7. Barrel bullet seat erosion c.ccelera d.

8 . Muzzle flash greater due to greater gas leakage.

NEW BARREL WITH 7. 62MM C :IAMB R

1. Cost greater than bushing.

2. Barrel life shoul be quel to Ml Barrel .

3 • . Accuracy equa to that o· iflc.

4. No problem.

5. Free run controlled to min~ by barrel design.

6. No hazard.

7. Erosion should be comparu~le to that experienced in the Ml barrel. ·

8. Flash will be less due to control of free run of bullet. •

9. 7.6ZMM M80 Ball ammunition not designed 9. for compatibility with Ml Rifle

Barrel can be manufactured with 1 turn in 12 inche rif ing twi t.

rifling twist.

. 10. Mechanic 1 properties of bushing 10. No problem. material do not match barrel steel. More susceptible to wear .

11. Possibility of damaging or removal · of bushing by use of a ruptured cart~idge extractor and chamber cle 1ng equipment .

· 12. Gr nade launching r ulta in a baz doua condition.

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ll. 1 No problem.

12. Grenad launching raou~ ~ i ~ardous condition.

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PROCESSING PROCEOORE OF MlE14 CONVERSIG:

1. REMOVE BARREL AND RECEIVER ASSEMBLY.

2. REMOVE BOLT FROM RECEIVER •

.j • REAM CliAMBER TO NEW DIMENSIONS (.013 INCL TPI BODY l?2R, 1.955 SHOULDER DEPTH, • 450 SHOULIER DIAMETER) USING S CIAL REAME •

4. CLEAN CHAMBER.

5. CLEAN BUSHING.

6. RE-ASSEMBLE BOLT IN RECEIVER.

7. · RE-ASSEMBLE ENTIRE WEAPON.

8. INSERT PROOF ROUND (7.62MM) IN BUSHING.

9. INSERT BUSHING WITH PROOF ROUND IN CHAMBER.

10. CLOSE BOLT MAKING SURE LOCKING LUGS ARE ENGAGED IN LOCKING S 1.: " · OF RECEIVER.

11. P'mE PROOF ROUND TO SEAT BUSHING.

12. USING PILCYI'ED AND ADJUSTABLE REAMER, P ISH BEAD SPACE D BODY.

13. CL&AN CHAMBER.

14. CHECK FOR HEADS PACE REQUWMEN'l' •

15 • FUNCTION FIRE 16 ROUNDS.

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SA - 28552 1 S ~ 2 30 Oet 64

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