Warm Up

• What was the Industrial Revolution?

• What caused it?

The Industrial RevolutionPart 1

Before the Revolution

• Since the birth of Civilization, most people lived and worked in small farming villages.

• By the 1750s, this began to change in Europe.

• There were 3 factors why.

#1 Revolution in Agriculture

• By the 1750s, many European farmers were improving their production.

• Causes: a. Crop rotation—changing the crops around so as not to exhaust the soil.

• b. Jethro Tull’s “Seed Drill.”• c. Mixing soil. • d. Enclosure

Enclosure• In the old days, rich land owners let

peasants live on and farm their land—these were very small farms.

• But then rich land owners began to kick the peasants of their land so they could make real big farms.

• They began putting up fences to keep people out.

• This was called “ENCLOSURE.”

Effects of Agriculture Revolution and Enclosure.

• Farms began to produce more and more food, and become more profitable.

• Could feed more people which led to larger populations.

• Because of the improved farming methods, farms needed fewer workers.

• This meant that many peasants now needed to look for other kinds of work.

• These jobless farm workers began to leave their farming villages and head to cities to find work.

Review

• What were the 4 causes of the Agricultural Revolution in Europe in the 1750s?

• 1. Crop Rotation

• 2. Seed Drill

• 3. Mixing Soil

• 4. Enclosure

Review

• What were the effects of the Agricultural Revolution?

• More food made with fewer workers.

• Meant that more people could (and needed to) work at other things.

#2 Population Explosion

• The agricultural revolution created a great rise in the population of Europe between 1750 – 1800.

• More food meant less famine and therefore fewer people were dying.

• Also, because women were eating better, they had healthier babies.

The Effects of #1 and #2 =

• More people are around that are not doing farm work and therefore can do (and need to do) other work.

#3 New Technology

• New sources of power and machines replace making things by hand.

• For much of history, the energy for work had been provided by humans and animals.

• New sources of energy and new materials allowed business owners to change the way work was done.

New Sources of Energy

water and wind began to be used.

• (can only be used by streams and wind is inconsistent).

Steam Power

• But the big breakthrough came with steam power in the 1700s.

• Allowed people to put factories wherever they wanted.

• Early steam engines used coal.

The Steam Engine

• Thomas Newcomen developed a steam engine.

• In 1769, Socttsman James Watt improved Newcomen’s engine dramatically.

• Watt’s engines became the key source for the Industrial Revolution.

Coal and Iron

• Besides being used as the fuel for steam engines, coal was also used to produce iron.

The 3 factors that contributed to the Industrial Revolution

• 1. Agricultural Revolution.

• 2. Population Explosion.

• 3. New Technology.

What was the Industrial Revolution?

• When things began to be made in factories instead of by hand (and the source of energy was not human or animal, but machine).

• Make a graphic organizer of the three factors for the industrial revolution– A. Title each factor– B. Describe each factor– C. Picture for each factor