warm up - put hw on desk to be checked copy following info into notebook table of contents – march...
TRANSCRIPT
Warm Up - Put HW on desk to be checked
Copy following info into notebookTable of Contents – March 8th Genetics Day 3
Notes – March 8th Genetics Day 3What genotype determines a specific phenotype?
Common Mistakes Homozygous – 2 capital letters or 2 lower case
letters
Heterozygous – 1 capital and 1 lower case(cannot be 2 different letter, just different “cases”
Common Mistakes
Homozygous – 2 capital letters or 2 lower case letters
Heterozygous – 1 capital and 1 lower case(cannot be 2 different letter, just different
“cases”
HW Review
1. We get our genes from our parents2. Different versions of the same trait or gene3. Using capital and lowercase letters.4. Genotype = combination of alleles in our genes.
TT5. Phenotype = physical characteristic, brown eyes6. Genotype is in your genes and represented by
letters like PP, phenotype is what someone looks like, blonde hair.
7. Capital8. Lowercase9. A. Bb = Brown Eyes B. bb = blue eyes
10. ff11A. Big ears B. Big ears13A. tt B. Long tail
14. TT Hh BB Bb
15. hh rr dd
Twins Fraternal Twins – develop from 2
different eggs that have been fertilized by 2 separate sperm cells
Different genotypes and phenotypes
Look as different as siblings who were born at different times.
Identical Twins – develop from one fertilized egg that splits into 2 identical embryosLook exactly alikeHave the same
chromosomes / DNA but not necessarily the same phenotypes
In palm trees, the allele for dark green leaves (D) is dominant. The allele for light green leaves (d) is
recessive. If a palm tree has light green leaves, what GENOTYPE must it have?
dd
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In tomato plants, the allele for tall plants (T) is dominant. The allele for short plants (t) is recessive. If a tomato plant has the genotype tt, what would be the plant’s
height PHENOTYPE?
Short
Practice / Review
Work on your own to complete the worksheet – both sides (15 min)
A. Phenotype > what you can see, blue eyes
B. Genotype > combination of alleles in genes, bb
2. Describe the genotypes given (use your notes). The first two are already done.
A. DD homozygous, dominant B. Dd _heterozygous dominant
C. dd - homozygous recessive D. ss – homozygous recessive E. Yy – heterozygous dominant F. WW - homozygous, dominant
3. In humans, brown eye color (B), is dominant over blue eye color (b). What are the phenotypes of the following genotypes? In other words, what color eyes will they have?
A. BB > Brown Eyes B. bb >Blue Eyes C. Bb> Brown eyes
In palm trees, the allele for dark green leaves (D) is dominant. The allele for light green leaves (d) is
recessive. If a palm tree has light green leaves, what GENOTYPE must it have?
dd
REVIEW
In giraffes, the allele for brown spots (S) is dominant. The allele for black spots (s) is recessive. If a giraffe
has black spots, what GENOTYPE must it have?
ss
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In butterflies, the allele for long antennae (A) is dominant. The allele for short antennae (a) is
recessive. If a butterfly has long antennae, what GENOTYPE must it have?
AA or Aa
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In butterflies, the allele for long antennae (A) is dominant. The allele for short antennae (a) is recessive. If a butterfly has the genotype aa, what would be the
butterfly’s PHENOTYPE?
Short antennae
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In Labrador retrievers, the allele for yellow fur (Y) is dominant. The allele for black fur (y) is recessive. If a
Lab has the genotype Yy, what would be the PHENOTYPE of the lab’s fur?
Yellow fur
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In tomato plants, the allele for tall plants (T) is dominant. The allele for short plants (t) is recessive. If a tomato plant has the genotype tt, what would be the plant’s
height PHENOTYPE?
Short
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
INHERITED and ACQUIRED traits – what’s the
difference? EXAMPLE?
Inherited traits are determined by your genes (Example: height). Acquired traits
must be LEARNED (Example: math).
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
Eye shape Intelligence Hair color Hair length Accent (the way
you speak) Attitude Smile Tattoos
trade & grade
• Broken leg• Face shape
• Diseases like HIV/AIDS or cancer
• Disorders like albinism or color-blindness
• Hair texture• Cheek size
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
What is an ALLELE? What do we use to represent alleles?
Alleles are different versions of the same gene/trait. We use CAPITAL and
lowercase letters to represent them!
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES – What’s the difference? EXAMPLES?
Genotypes are combinations of your alleles (Example: Bb). Phenotypes are your physical characteristics (Example:
blue eyes).
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
DOMINANT and RECESSIVE alleles – What’s the difference? EXAMPLES?
Dominant alleles always show up (Example: B=brown eyes). Recessive
alleles only show up if there is NO dominant allele (Example: b=blue eyes).
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In apple trees, the allele for green apples (G) is dominant. The allele for red apples (g) is recessive. If an apple tree produces red apples, what GENOTYPE
must it have?
gg
QUIZ #17: REVIEW
In apple trees, the allele for green apples (G) is dominant. The allele for red apples (g) is recessive. If an apple tree has the genotype GG, what would be the PHENOTYPE of
the apples produced?
Green
Bug Creation Lab to Practice what you have learned so far
PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS
a.White paper = Mom Traitsb.Blue paper = Dad Traits
PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS3. Record your pieces of paper in the first two columns on
your data table. Trait Mom(White Paper)
Dad(Blue
Paper)
Offspring Dominant Or Recessive
Heterozygous Or
Homozygous
Look
Like?
Wing # (R/r)
_____ _____ _____ , ____
Body Segment # (T/t)
_____ _____ _____ , ____
Antennae Length(Q/q)
_____ _____ _____ , ____
Leg # (H/h) _____ _____ _____ , ____
Spots or Not Spots
(N/n)_____ _____ _____ , ____
PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS
4. Combine the letters from both the mom and the dad in the “Offspring” column.
Trait Mom(White Paper)
Dad(Blue
Paper)
Offspring Dominant Or Recessive
Heterozygous Or
Homozygous
Look
Like?
Wing # (R/r)
_____ _____ _____ , ____
Body Segment # (T/t)
_____ _____ _____ , ____
Antennae Length(Q/q)
_____ _____ _____ , ____
Leg # (H/h) _____ _____ _____ ,
____
Spots or Not Spots
(N/n)_____ _____ _____ ,
____
5. Decide is the offspring genotype is Dominant or Recessive and Heterozygous or Homozygous
Trait Mom(White Paper)
Dad(Blue
Paper)
Offspring Dominant Or
Recessive
Heterozygous Or
Homozygous
Look
Like?
Wing # (R/r)
_____ _____ _____ , ____
Body Segme
nt # (T/t)
_____ _____ _____ , ____
Antennae
Length(Q/q)
_____ _____ _____ , ____
Leg # (H/h) _____ _____ _____ ,
____
Spots or Not Spots (N/n)
_____ _____ _____ , ____
PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS
Determine what your bug will look like using the following key.
If your offspring has these letters
It will look like this…
RR or Rr 4 wings (2 on each side)
rr 2 wings (1 on each side)
TT or Tt 2 segments
tt 3 segments
QQ or Qq Long Antennae
qq Short Antennae
HH or Hh 3 legs on each side
hh 4 legs on each side
NN or Nn Spots
nn No Spots
PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS6. Using the key, write what your bug will look like in the
last column. Trait Mom
(White Paper)
Dad(Blue
Paper)
Offspring Dominant Or Recessive
Heterozygous Or
Homozygous
Look
Like?
Wing # (R/r)
_____ _____ _____ , ____
Body Segment # (T/t)
_____ _____ _____ , ____
Antennae Length(Q/q)
_____ _____ _____ , ____
Leg # (H/h) _____ _____ _____ , ____
Spots or Not Spots
(N/n)_____ _____ _____ , ____
PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS
7. Once your teacher approves what your bug should look like, you can get materials (paper and colors)
8. You can be creative, but it must follow the traits you said it would look like!
9. Write a biography about your bug1. What is its name?2. Where does it live? What does it eat?3. What is it like?
DOES EVERYONE’S BUGS LOOK THE SAME?
Does everyone’s bugs look the same?
The variety of bugs has to do with the different combinations that you pulled out of the bags.
Not everyone pulled the same traits, so each bug looks different.
Since we all have different parents, all of us look different too!
BY THE END OF TODAY YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO ANSWER…
How do humans inherit traits?
How many chromosomes do humans inherit from each of their parents?