Warm UpIdentifications: (answers the 5 W’s) for each of the below terms tell me :who they were (or who was involved),what they did (what they were), when they lived (when was it written), where they lived/had influence, and why they are significant):

1.Eleanor of Aquitaine2.William the Conqueror3.Charlemagne4.Magna Carta

Presentations:Middle Ages Raps/Songs!

Feudalism and Manor System

Medieval ManorThe PeasantCrash Course: The Dark Ages

Development of Feudalism

• Feudalism – a political and social system– nobles offer protection/land to vassals in

return for service

• Vassal – person who served the lord in the military or in the fields

• Fief – land given to vassal by lord

• Armies generally made up of foot soldiers and knights

Feudalism- give and take system

king

vassal vassalvassal

vassal

vassal

vassal vassal

vassal

vassal

Modern examples with a similar hierarchy: Drug cartels, Mafia, gangs, etc…. The less important guy MUST do what he is told to do by the guy above him OR ELSE, but he is also protected by his “people/guys” if someone from another group picks on him. SAME CONCEPT! Except this was literally the political and social structure/ government in the middle ages in Europe.

Manor System• Innovations led to more efficient production

– Water wheels for water/wind power (mills)– Iron tools: hoe, axe, scythe, plowshare– Horses used in plowing– 3 field system – crop rotation, fields divided into

thirds instead of in half: produced MORE b/c one field was left empty to allow nature to regenerate minerals in soil (see next slide)

• Manor – agricultural estate owned by lord and worked by peasants– Many free peasants became serfs – peasants legally tied

to the land (can’t move away, no job opportunities)• Peasants paid lord part of crops, also paid 1/10 to

church

3 Field Crop Rotationand a Mill

Nobility• Nobles – men with titles (lord,

duke, earl, etc.) and land– Lots of political power

• Chivalry – (from the French word “chevalerie” for “horse

soldier” because only knights fought on horseback, the peasants had to walk to battle and fight on foot- thus knights and lords were recognizable to the peasants)

– code of ethics/behavior knights lived by:

• Treat prisoners well• Fight for honor• Treat women well• Fight for your God

• Lord of estate often at war: so the “lady” ran estate – (food, finances, supplies for land,

etc.)

A Peasant’s Life

• Lived in simple 1-2 room cottages– Mostly ate bread, vegetables, cheese

– Clean water hard to get- drank ale (alcohol)

• Followed cycles of field labor, – Most work in Fall (harvest)

• Feast days – Roman Catholic holidays to celebrate great events of faith

-no work, got to eat meat, be with friends/extended family

These are men pictured above. Try not to be jealous of their clothes

Trade

Trade

• w/ end of Viking raids, Muslim invasions into Europe (which we will come back to):– peace returned & trade with it

• Trade fairs meeting of merchants

• Merchants demanded coins instead of bartering = money economy– Began to have bankers to exchange money, etc.

• Created commercial capitalism – – economic system invested in trade/goods to make $

Towns• merchants moved near trade routes

– Needed protection• moved near castles• built walls around cities/towns

• Narrow/winding/dark streets– houses hung over street– “chamber pots” (basically a pot people used the bathroom in) dumped out

their windows and into the streets…be careful where you walk

• Fires b/c buildings made of wood until 14th C.• Smelled bad b/c of human/animal waste,

– constant burning of wood/dung for businesses

• Water polluted (butchers/tanners) relied on wells• Women helped husbands run businesses

– took over if husband died

Towns

Industry and Guilds

• Craftsmen organized into guilds – business associations– Set quality of

production, price, etc.

• To join guild, there were steps you had to complete:– Apprentice– Journeyman– Master (after

masterpiece approved by guild)

Town v. Manor• Write a one-page well-crafted essay in which

you argue whether you would rather live in a medieval town or manor.– Try to convince us of your argument– State your facts to support your argument

– Text- (manor life: p. 384-386; towns: 410-412)

– ADD a visual