warm-up
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Warm-Up. What does MMCMXCIV mean? What is the difference between History and Prehistory? What are the 4 Early Civilizations? What river(s) helped them thrive in their locations? (Fill in your Ancient Civ maps if you haven’t done so already). Four Early Civilizations. I. Geography. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Warm-Up
What does MMCMXCIV mean?
What is the difference between History and
Prehistory?
What are the 4 Early Civilizations? What river(s)
helped them thrive in their locations? (Fill in your
Ancient Civ maps if you haven’t done so already)
Four Early Civilizations
I. Geography
A. Mesopotamia1. First civilization formed between the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers 2. Fertile Crescent had easily domesticated plants and
animals 3. Location was ideal for cultural diffusion- spreading
of ideas, beliefs, customs, languages, skills, and technology
Warm-Up
Study your maps for today’s quizzy poo
MAP QUIZZY POO
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5
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MAP QUIZZY POO
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Extra Credit
EC
I. Geography
B. Egypt1. Formed around the Nile river delta- mouth of river2. Natural defenses of desert, Mediterranean Sea, and
unnavigable river
I. Geography
C. China1. Formed on east coast of China around the Yangzi and
Yellow (Huang He) rivers 2. Long distance from other civilizations because of
mountains and desert to the West
I. Geography
D. India1. Formed around the Indus River in the Indian
subcontinent2. Monsoons - seasonal winds and rain
II. Organization
A. Cities1. Larger than
villages with diverse populations and formal organization
2. Centers of trade3. City-state- a
political unit based on a city government and the land around that it controlled
II. Organization
B. Government1. Ruled by kings who
formed dynasties- rulers come from one family
a. Egypt was ruled by pharaohs- kings who were believed to be descended from the gods
b. Chinese believed in the dynastic cycle- Gods granted the Mandate of Heaven but took it away if a dynasty became corrupt
II. Organization
2. Usually close connection b/w religion and government: theocracy- rule by religious figures
3. Complex governments developed bureaucracies- structured, organized gov’t run by trained officials
III. Society
A. Social Classes1. Kings and priests2. Large landowners and
wealthy merchants3. Artisans (skilled
craftspeople), farmers, laborers
4. Slaves Ex: Indians developed
a caste system with little social mobility
III. Society
B. Religion and Philosophy1. Most early religions were polytheistic- worship of
many gods2. First formalized religion was Hinduism (India)
III. Society
3. Hebrews (in Mesopotamia) developed monotheistic religion- Judaism
4. Chinese philosophya. Confucianism-
emphasized respecting authority, honoring family/ancestors, and tradition
b. Daoism- force that connects all things in nature, balance of all things in yin and yang
IV. Expression
Writing Earliest writing systems
were cuneiform (Sumer) and hieroglyphics (Egypt)
Hammurabi’s Code- first written legal code (Babylon)
Phoenicians- developed the first alphabet
Hammurabi’s Code
2
If any one bring an accusation against a man, and the accused go to the river and leap into the river, if he sink in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river prove that the accused is not guilty, and he escape unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser.
14 If any one steal the minor son of another, he shall be put to death. 195
If a son strike his father, his hands shall be hewn off.
196
If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. [ An eye for an eye ]
Hammurabi’s Code 211
If a woman of the free class lose her child by a blow, he shall pay five shekels in money.
218
If a physician make a large incision with the operating knife, and kill him, or open a tumor with the operating knife, and cut out the eye, his hands shall be cut off.
229
If a builder build a house for some one, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built fall in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to death.
IV. Expression
Art and Architecture At the heart of each Sumerian city was a ziggurat- a
pyramid-shaped temple Egyptians built pyramids- tombs for pharaohs