Warm Up

Listen to the “Beverly Hillbillies” Theme Song

Answer the following questions:– What were the 2 names given to

oil?– Why was it called Black Gold ? – Why was it called Texas Tea ?

SpindletopSpindletop

A discovery that A discovery that changed Texas changed Texas

foreverforever

Examine these Examine these photos photos

•Describe what’s Describe what’s in the picturesin the pictures

•Write 3 to 4 Write 3 to 4 observations observations

Sittin’ on gold--black gold Sittin’ on gold--black gold that isthat isOil was discovered in Texas Oil was discovered in Texas by Native Americans.by Native Americans.

They found a They found a black black substance substance seeping from seeping from certain places certain places in the earth.in the earth.

They had several uses for oil They had several uses for oil such as waterproofing canoes.such as waterproofing canoes.

However, the potential for However, the potential for this black substance went this black substance went untapped until….untapped until….

Created the Glady’s City, Oil, Gas, and

Manufacturing Company

Caught the attention of Anthony Lucas

He placed ads in newspapers toFind engineers and explorers

To drill

Started a town on Spindle top

Hill near Beaumont

PatilloHiggins

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Who

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He leases land fromHiggins but ran out of money

Lucas hit oil at Spindletop on Jan 10,1901

The Pennsylvania business people who foundReserves in Corsicana

Funded the expedition.

He was a leading expert onMining salt domes

AnthonyLucas

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Who

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Anthony F. Lucas Anthony F. Lucas began drilling in began drilling in salt dome deposits salt dome deposits near Beaumont in near Beaumont in October of 1900.October of 1900.

Texas was Texas was changed changed forever when forever when Lucas hit a Lucas hit a gusher at gusher at Spindletop in Spindletop in January,1901January,1901..

The Spindletop Oil Field and the oil The Spindletop Oil Field and the oil beneath was a pleasant surprise beneath was a pleasant surprise for Texans.for Texans.

News of the gusher spread News of the gusher spread around the world.around the world.

New people and new New people and new industries came to Texas industries came to Texas almost overnight.almost overnight.

How was Texas How was Texas transformed?transformed?Your assignment is to learn Your assignment is to learn more about this great more about this great discovery through discovery through document analysis. Read document analysis. Read the instructions for Part 2 the instructions for Part 2 of your student activity of your student activity sheet and complete the sheet and complete the document analysis.document analysis.

MAJOR OIL AND NATURAL GAS DISCOVERIES, MAJOR OIL AND NATURAL GAS DISCOVERIES, 1900–19401900–1940

Spindletop ushered in the great Spindletop ushered in the great oil oil boomboom in Texas. in Texas.

Oil companies and Oil companies and wildcatterswildcatters, , or speculators willing to gamble or speculators willing to gamble and drill in places not known for and drill in places not known for oil, began drilling.oil, began drilling.

One such wildcatter was One such wildcatter was Columbus “Dad” JoinerColumbus “Dad” Joiner..

Dad Joiner Dad Joiner went broke went broke several several times times drilling for drilling for oil until...oil until...

he struck gold in he struck gold in East Texas in 1930.East Texas in 1930.

CM Joiner

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Joiner’s discovery became Joiner’s discovery became known as the East Texas Oil known as the East Texas Oil Field.Field.In a little over 40 years, this In a little over 40 years, this field produced more than 4 field produced more than 4 billion barrels of oil.billion barrels of oil.

It accounted for 1/10 of the oil It accounted for 1/10 of the oil produced in the United States.produced in the United States.

Unfortunately, all good Unfortunately, all good things must come to an things must come to an end.end.By the end of 1931, By the end of 1931, the East Texas field the East Texas field had 3,600 wells. had 3,600 wells.

Only a couple of Only a couple of years later, the years later, the field had 26,000 field had 26,000 wells.wells.

Sounds good, Sounds good, but...but...

The rapid growth in oil The rapid growth in oil production reduced the price production reduced the price of oil of oil fromfrom

$1.10 a $1.10 a barrelbarreltoto

10 cents a 10 cents a barrelbarrel

in a matter of a few in a matter of a few monthsmonths..

The The boomboom was followed by a was followed by a bustbust..

Regulation and Regulation and discoveries in West discoveries in West Texas helped bring Texas Texas helped bring Texas out of this initial bust, out of this initial bust, but the boom/ bust cycle but the boom/ bust cycle has continued through has continued through the years.the years.

Today, petroleum is Today, petroleum is still key to the Texas still key to the Texas economy.economy.

Boom Boom and Bustand Bust

However...However...

we have had to diversify our we have had to diversify our economy and develop other economy and develop other industries so that we are not industries so that we are not totally dependent on oil.totally dependent on oil.

PetrochemicalsPetrochemicals are chemicals are chemicals or products made from oil and or products made from oil and natural gas.natural gas.

One such industry is the One such industry is the petrochemical industry.petrochemical industry.

Amon G. Carter

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Who

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In closing…In closing…

Oil Boom

Increase in Tx. population

Dev of new industries

Improvements to Tx Transportation