1. In what present day country did the religion of Islamform? SAUDI ARABIA

2.Who is the founder of Islam?

MUHAMMAD

3.What is the religious celebration which includes fasting for people of the Islamic faith

RAMADAN

• Born in Mecca• He was troubled by all the greed• At 40, heard a voice to become a messenger of God. • His wife encouraged him to do so and became his convert to Islam “to submit to God”• People of Mecca were angered and Muhammad out of fear traveled to Medina in 622• This journey is called the Hijra• People of Medina converted to Islam and war broke out between Mecca and Median• Muhammad won, united all Arabs under Islam, but soon died in 632

http://atheism.about.com/od/prophetmuhammadofislam/ig/Muhammad-Drawings-Pictures/Muhammad-Teaching-About-Islam.htm

• Quran—Holy Book

• Duties of Islam called the Five Pillars of Islam

1. Shahada –Declaration of faith

2. Prayer-At least 5 times/day

3. Zakah-Charity to the poor

4. Sawm-Fasting during

Ramadan5. Hajj-

Pilgrimage to Mecca

• Jihad- Struggle in God’s service• Personal duty for Muslims• Sometimes interpreted as a Holy War

• Sharia- Body of laws which interpret the Quran

• Mosque- Holy building

• Minaret- “lighthouse” provides focal point for prayer

Dubai-minaret

http://www.public.iastate.edu/~cfford/fertile%20crescent.jpghttp://www.harrys-stuff.com/arab-gulf-dubai/dubai-images/dubai-minaret.jpg

• Muhmmad dies in 632 CE

• Who’s next????• Abu Bakr—Muhammad’s father-in-law becomes the Caliph—successor to Muhammad

• The first 4 Caliphs expanded Muslim territory• Conquered• Persians• Byzantines

Factions of Islam

• Abu Bakr dies in 634 CE• Ali, the 4th Caliph,

Muhammad’s son-in-law, is assassinated in 661CE

• Two factions emerge

• Shiites• Believed that Ali and all

successors should be descendants from Muhammad

• Sunnis• Believe the successor

should be a pious male from Muhammad’s tribe

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/caliphate/abuBakr.htmlhttp://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/caliphate/abuBakr.html http://moneyjihad.wordpress.com/2012/07/03/abu-bakr-a-taxing-companion/

1. Which Asian groups will adopt the religion of Islam?

2. What is this building and why was it built?

• Sunni Dynasty forms• Umayyads rule the Muslim world from 661-750 CE• Expansion of Islam• North Africa• Persia• Conquered Spain• Tried to conquer France, but lost at Battle of Tours

• Capital was Damascus

• Conquered territories• Religious tolerance• Special tax for non-Muslims• Prohibited looting and burning of cities

• Shiite Dynasty• Abbasids conquered the Umayyads• Moved the capital to Baghdad• Ended military campaigns• Ended discrimination against non-Muslims

• Abbasids start to weaken in 850 CE• Smaller dynasties started to arise• Foreign invaders• Seljuk Turks • Adopted Islam as religion • 1050 controlled Baghdad• Fought the Crusades of Pope Urban II

• Mongolians• Adopted Islam as religion• 1258 looted Baghdad and killed the last Abbasid caliph• Tamerlane, Mongolian leader invaded Russia, India and SW Asia

http://www.awildorchid.com/ind01096.JPG

• Arab armies first arrived in 711 and conquered the Indus Valley

• In 1000 Muslim Turks push farther into India and battle the Hindu for control

• The Delhi Sultanate was created• Delhi was the capital• Ruled Northern India 1206- 1526

• Sikhism—religion which blended Hinduism and Islam

• Founded by Nanak• Would organize into an army called the Sikhs

http://www.storyofpakistan.com/images/p0206010101.jpg

Muslim advances into India

• Influence by the Persian Empire art and architecture

• Increase trade between India and Muslim world

• Foreign invaders led to the downfall of the Sultanate

• The Turk, Tamerlane, invaded in 1398. Enslaved thousands of Indians.

• The Sultanate finally broke intosmaller Hindu and Muslims states.

http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/centrasia/tamerlane1400.GIF

http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/india/history/pictures/tamerlane.gif

http://newton.uor.edu/FacultyFolder/rebecca_brown/old/arth100/empire/Mughals/mughmap.gif

http://www.indiasite.com/gifs/babur1.jpg

• Mongols and Turks invade• 1526 finally conquer Delhi Sultanate

• New Muslim Dynasty Forms• Babur, self-claimed descendent of Genghis Khan and Tamerlane establishes the Mughal Dynasty

• The Mughal Dynasty • Ruled India 1526 to 1857.

•The height of the empire was led by Babur’s grandson, Akbar

• Economic problems and revolts ended the Maghul reign in 1857.

http://www.boloji.com/history/011.jpg

• Taj Mahal was builtas a tomb for the wifeof a Caliph during theMughal Dynasty

http://www.npr.org/news/specials/mideast/the_west/ottoman-17century.jpg

• Mehmet II, captured Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul, in 1453

• The Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire

•1520-1566 under the sultan, or ruler Suleiman “the Magnificent”

• Ottoman Empire Declines• Suleiman dies in 1566• By 1700’s European advances in military technology and commerce leave the Ottomans behind

http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/0005c/0005c05d.jpg

• Safavid Empire• Located in present day Iran,

between the Ottomans and Mughal.

• Frequent wars with the Ottomans, who were Sunnis, while the Safavids were Shiites

http://dcr.csusb.edu/dny/map8.jpg

• Shah (King) Abbas the Great, revived the glory of the Persian Empire

• The empire faded when Shah Abbas died. The Qajars Family ruled it until 1925.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Shah_Abbas_I_engraving_by_Dominicus_Custos_-_Antwerp_artist_printer_and_engraver.jpg/250px-Shah_Abbas_I_engraving_by_Dominicus_Custos_-_Antwerp_artist_printer_and_engraver.jpg

1. What are the two main factions of Islam?

2. What is the holy buildings and text of Islam called?

3. What was the first Muslim Empire in India?

4. Who ruled the Ottoman Empire during their Golden Age?

5. Who first ruled the Mughal Empire and who led it during its height?

Shiites and Sunnis

Mosque and Quran

Delhi Sultanate

Suleiman the Magnificant

Babur and Akbar