Warm Up-

1. How does temperature affect density?

2. What are ocean currents?

3. Are temperature variations greater over land or water?

4. What causes ocean currents to occur?

5. What is the Coriolis Effect?

Warm Up-

1.How does temperature affect density?

Higher temp (warm) = low density

Lower temp (cold) = high density

What is are ocean currents?

An Ocean Current is a directed, continuous movement of ocean water generated by various forces.

Currents are caused by various factors:TemperatureDifferent salinity levelsWinds

Warm Up-

3. Are temperature variations greater over land or water?

WATER – has more variation

It doesn’t take land very long to heat up or get cold

Differentiation heating, this idea is back!

Warm Up-

4. What causes ocean currents to occur?

Differences in heat & salinity- warm follows the cold water from equator to the poles

Great Ocean Conveyer Belt

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3niR_-Kv4SMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdgUyLTUYkg

Warm Up-

5. What is the Coriolis Effect?

The Coriolis effect (the apparent shift in fluids or objects due to the rotation of the Earth) explains ocean current patterns curving in each hemisphere.

CLIMATE ≠ WEATHERWEATHER = what’s going on outside RIGHT

NOW

CLIMATE = the weather over millions and millions of years.

Factors that affect ClimateLatitude

As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases

ElevationThe higher the elevation

is, the colder the climate

Factors that affect ClimateTopography

Topographic features such as mountains play an important role in the amount of precipitation that falls over an area.

Water BodiesLarge bodies of water

such as lakes and oceans have an important effect on the temperature because the temperature of the water influences the temperature of the air above it.

Earth’s Major Climate Zone Categories

Climate Classification Usefulness

Examine the expected weather patterns for climate based forecastingWhat’s the upcoming winter going to

be like? Lots of rain or lots of snow?

Long-term shifts in climate boundariesCan we expect the “humid South” to

shift north, changing Indiana’s climate over the next century?

Köppen climate classification system

The Köppen climate classification system uses mean monthly and annual values of temperature and precipitation to classify climates.

Koppen Climate Zones

Koppen Climate Zones GROUP A- Tropical Climates

Tropical climates are without winters. Every month in such a climate has a mean temperature above 18oC. The amount of precipitation can exceed 200 cm per year.

Locations: Tanzania, Indonesia, Brazil

Koppen Climate ZonesGROUP B- Dry

Climates

A dry climate is one in which the yearly precipitation is not as great as the potential loss of water by evaporation.

Locations: Australia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia

Koppen Climate ZonesGROUP C- Mild

Temperate Climates

Temperate climates are those without extremes of temperature and precipitation (rain and snow).

Locations: southeastern US, France, South Africa

Koppen Climate ZonesGROUP D-

Continental/Cold Climates

Winters are severe with snowstorms, strong winds, and bitter cold from Continental Polar or Arctic air masses

Locations: Russia, Alaska, Canada

Koppen Climate ZonesGROUP E- Polar

Climates

Polar climates are those in which the mean temperature of the warmest month is below 10oC.

Locations: Antarctica, Greenland

Today’s AssignmentYou will be creating two (2) Climographs

Climoraphs combine temperature and precipitation data in one place.

Each climate graph is made up of two major parts:a line graph displaying average monthly

temperatures in degrees Celsius a bar graph displaying monthly accumulations of

precipitation in millimeters. The horizontal axis shows the time period in months.

Madras, India

Today’s AssignmentYou will be creating two (2) climographs using

Fahrenheit (°F) for temperature & inches for precipitation: one for Charlotte NC and the second will be a mystery location.

Climograph Independent Lab

Expectations

Working towards completing your own graphs & lab

Talking quietly in your seat

Raise Hand for questions & permission to get up

This is due by end of class for lab grade

Warm Up1.What is the difference between weather

& climate?

2.What type of climate do you live in?

3.Why do we classify places by climate?

4.RELOOP: What are ocean currents & how do they move?