warm august 31 essential question page 6 essential question page 6 ss8h1a how did the paleo,...
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WARM AUGUST 31
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONPAGE 6
SS8H1aHow did the
Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian
cultures change over time?
STEP 1: DRAW THE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
STEP 2: LIST ANY DETAILS YOU REMEMBER ABOUT EACH NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE.
6 SS8H1a
How did the Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian cultures change over time?
MISSISSIPPIAN
WOODLAND
ARCHAIC
PALEO
NATIVE AMERICANCULTURES
SS8H1
The student will evaluate the development of Native
American cultures and the impact of European
exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures
in Georgia.
Concepts:
Individuals – Groups – InstitutionsTechnological Innovation
The student will understand that the actions of Individuals
and Groups affect society through intended and
unintended consequences.
What are some groups in your school, community, or state?
How are the Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian
cultures similar to one another? How are they different?
Individuals – Groups
The student will understand that technological innovations
have consequences, both intended and unintended.
What are some inventions that have made the civilization we live in today
more advanced?
What inventions allowed the Mississippian culture to become more populated than the Paleo,
Archaic, and Woodland cultures?
Technological Innovation
SS8H1a
SS8H1aDescribe the evolution of Native American cultures
(Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Concepts:Individuals – Groups – Institutions
Technological Innovation
PALEO PERIODBefore Europeans came to Georgia, prehistoric Native Americans experienced four stages of cultural development, or traditions. Anthropologists call the first tradition the Paleo Indian period. They are the first because they were the first group of people to inhabit North America by crossing the Beringia land bridge during the Ice Age from Asia (where the Bering Strait is today) as long ago as 10,000 BCE. Paleo means "ancient or very old”, and the Paleo Indians were so ancient that we know little about them. We do know that they got what they needed to survive from nature. Paleo Indians hunted animals that are extinct today, such as giant bison and elephant-like mastodons. Hunting provided meat food, bones for tools, and skins for clothing and blankets. They also ate wild fruits and vegetables. Stones were used as tools and shaped into spearheads. Paleo Indians did not build permanent homes because they were nomadic. They moved around in bands, or groups of about twenty, in search of food. Very little of Paleo-Indian civilization has survived. The only artifacts that archeologists have found are stone spearheads like the clovis point and a few other tools such as the atlatl, a sling like device used to throw spears.
EARLY PALEO SHELTERS
EARLY PALEO SHELTERS
PALEO INDIAN STONE POINTS
PALEO SPEAR POINT
PALEO SPEAR POINT
PALEO / ARCHAICATLATL SPEAR
PALEO PERIOD HUNTING THE WOOLY MAMMOTH
THE PALEO HUNT
PALEO FOOD
PALEO FOOD
SS8H1aDescribe the evolution of Native American cultures
(Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Concepts:Individuals – Groups – Institutions
Technological Innovation
ARCHAIC PERIODThe second tradition of Georgia's prehistoric people was the Archaic Indian period. Around 8,000 BCE, the earth began to get warmer. The animals Paleo Indians hunted disappeared due to climate change or overhunting. Archaic Native Americans hunted smaller animals, such as deer and rabbits. To make hunting easier, they burned down trees to create clearings that attracted animals. Archaic Indians differed from Paleo Indians in other ways as well. They ate a wider range of foods, including nuts and shellfish. They left large piles of shells, called middens, near the coast. Perhaps their biggest innovation was making pottery from clay. This suggests that they moved around less than their ancestors, since it would be hard to travel with many clay pots, however, they were still nomadic as they did not live in permanent villages, but instead moved during each season. Another common artifact from the period is the stone axe used to clear forests and plant seeds for crops. This was the early stage of horticulture that would become more advanced in the Woodland and Mississippian periods.
ARCHAIC SHELTERS
ARCHAIC FOOD
ARCHAIC TOOLS
ARCHAIC WEAPONS
ARCHAIC ATLATL HUNTS
ARCHAIC FEAST
SS8H1aDescribe the evolution of Native American cultures
(Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Concepts:Individuals – Groups – Institutions
Technological Innovation
WOODLAND PERIODThe third tradition of Georgia's prehistoric people was the Woodland Indian period. This period began around 1000 B.C. and lasted some two thousand years. Unlike their ancestors, Woodland Native Americans were not as nomadic. They built villages, with houses meant to last. They also developed agriculture. Woodland people cleared fields and planted seeds, growing corn and beans. Woodland hunters began using bows and arrows. Because of these changes, they had a bigger food supply than earlier Native Americans, so the population grew and tribes formed. Woodland Native Americans began forming tribes, large groups of people with similar languages and religions led by chiefs. They also began to build mounds of earth and stone, in different sizes and shapes. Some mounds were parts of villages; others were religious or burial sites. Examples of Woodland period mounds are Rock Eagle and the Kolomoki mounds. These mounds suggests that the Woodland Indians used religious ceremonies to honor their dead and believed in an after-life because of the items buried in the mounds.
WOODLAND TOOLS
CLAY POTTERY
WOODLAND HOMES
ROCK EAGLE
WARM SEPTEMBER 7
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONPAGE 6
SS8H1aHow did the
Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian
cultures change over time?
STEP 1: DRAW THE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
STEP 2: LIST ANY DETAILS YOU REMEMBER ABOUT EACH NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE.
STEP 3: FINISH YOUR NATIVE AMERICAN GRAPHIC ORGANIZER SHEET
6 SS8H1a
How did the Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian cultures change over time?
MISSISSIPPIAN
WOODLAND
ARCHAIC
PALEO
NATIVE AMERICANCULTURES
SS8H1aDescribe the evolution of Native American cultures
(Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
Concepts:Individuals – Groups – Institutions
Technological Innovation
MISSISSIPPIAN PERIODThe fourth prehistoric tradition, the Mississippian Indian period, began around A.D.700. Mississippians relied on agriculture even more than their ancestors and celebrated during the Green Corn Festival. They also raised livestock. With more food, the Native American population increased further. As a result, Mississippians built permanent villages. Many villages had public squares and protective outer walls known as a palisade. Houses were usually made of wood and clay, a method called wattle and daub. Mississippians even built cities. Tribes grew larger in the Mississippian period. Two tribes in Georgia were the Creek and later the Cherokee. As the tribes grew, a chiefdom had one leader and might cover many villages. Within tribes, groups of relatives formed clans. Both Creek and Cherokee tribes were matrilineal (ancestry traced through mother’s side of family). We know more about the Mississippians than about their ancestors because they left behind more artifacts. We know that villages and tribes from as far away as the Great Plains, Mexico, and Guatemala traded with each other. Artifacts such as pipes and jewelry show that the Mississippians were religious and artistic. Mississippians left behind many flat top mounds. On top of the mounds were buildings, used as houses or temples. The mounds were also burial sites, holding shell and copper artifacts. Many mounds still stand in Georgia, including the Etowah Indian mounds in nearby Cartersville. This period was the high point of prehistoric civilization in Georgia. When Europeans arrived in the 1500s, the germs they brought killed many Native Americans.
MISSISSIPPIAN VILLAGES
MISSISSIPPIAN FARMING
MISSISSIPPIAN ART
STEP 1: DRAW THE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
STEP 2: LIST ANY DETAILS YOU REMEMBER ABOUT EACH NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE.
6 SS8H1a
How did the Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian cultures change over time?
MISSISSIPPIAN
WOODLAND
ARCHAIC
PALEO
NATIVE AMERICANCULTURES
WARM SEPTEMBER 9
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONPAGE 7
SS8H1bWhat impact did
Hernando de Soto and Spanish
missions have on Native
Americans?
SS8H1b Evaluate the impact of
European contact on Native American cultures; include Spanish missions along the
barrier islands, and the explorations of Hernando
DeSoto. Concepts:Individuals and Groups
Conflict & ChangeMovement & Migration
STEP 1: TRACE YOUR GEORGIA MAP
STEP 2: TURN TO PAGE 43 IN YOUR TEXTBOOK
STEP 3: COPY THE ROUTE OF De SOTO AND HIS CONQUISTADORS ON YOUR MAP
7 SS8H1b
What impact did Hernando de Soto and Spanish missions have on Native Americans?
The student will understand that the actions of Individuals and Groups affect society through
intended and unintended consequences.
What are some groups in the world today?
Who is Hernando de Soto? How did the actions of Spanish
conquistadors affect Mississippian society? What were the
consequences?
Individuals and Groups
The student will understand that the movement or migration of
people, goods, and ideas affects all societies involved.
If you moved to Saudi Arabia, how would it affect your life?
Ever wonder who invented chocolate and where it comes
from?
How did European explorers and settlers influence the society of
Native Americans?
Movement / Migration
The student will understand that when there is conflict
between or within societies, change is the result.
What are some examples of conflict and change that you have witnessed in your life?
How did the interaction between Europeans and Native Americans become a conflict? How did life for both Europeans and Native
Americans change?
CONFLICT & CHANGE
TURN TO PAGE
42
IN YOUR TEXTBOOK
TURN TO PAGE
38 - 39
IN YOUR COACHBOOK
Hernando de Soto
A Spanish born explorer and first European to set foot in Georgia landed in present-day Tampa Bay, Florida, in 1539. De Soto led 600 conquistadors through the southeast region of North America in search of gold. He passed through the Georgia area in 1540.
Why did his expedition fail? He did NOT find the gold he was looking for and died of illness near the Mississippi River. He often tortured, enslaved, and killed Native Americans along his path. The diseases left behind by Europeans destroyed much of the Mississippian culture.
According to the De Soto map on the left, is it possible that Hernando and his conquistadors
traveled through Paulding County?
Conflict and Change
HERNANDO de SOTOANTAGONIST or HERO?
CONFLICT and CHANGE• What were de
Soto’s negative actions?
• How did life for Native Americans change after de Soto arrived?
WARM SEPTEMBER 10
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONPAGE 8
SS8H1bWhat impact did
Spanish missions have on Native
Americans?
STEP 1: TRACE YOUR GEORGIA MAP AND LABEL FIVE W’s
STEP 2: CIRCLE THE BARRIER ISLANDS
STEP 3: CREATE A CONFLICT AND CHANGE T-CHART ON OPPOSITE PAGE
STEP 4: READ PAGES 38 – 39 IN YOUR COACHBOOK
8 SS8H1b
What impact did Spanishmissions have on Native Americans?
SS8H1b Evaluate the impact of
European contact on Native American cultures; include Spanish missions along the
barrier islands, and the explorations of Hernando
DeSoto. Concepts:Individuals and Groups
Conflict & ChangeMovement & Migration
THE ART OF CARTOGRAPHY
THEN… AND NOW
MOVEMENT and MIGRATION• Why did Spain
build missions on Georgia’s barrier islands?
• How did the missions impact the Native Americans both positively and negatively?
WHY WERE SPANISH MISSIONS BUILT ALONG THE BARRIER ISLANDS
IN GEORGIA?
[1] CONVERT THE NATIVE AMERICANS TO CHRISTIANITY
[2] PROTECT SPAIN’S LAND FROM FRENCH SETTLEMENT
[3] SETTLE AND COLONIZE THE REGION FOR RESOURCES
[4] ENSLAVE NATIVE AMERICANS
SS8H1c
Explain reasons for European exploration and settlement of
North America, with emphasis on the interests of the French, Spanish, and British in the
southeastern area.
Concepts:Movement / MigrationConflict and Change
WARM SEPTEMBER 13
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONPAGE 9
SS8H1cA Native
American once asked, “Why did
the white man come to our
lands?”
According to the map of the New World, which country did NOT explore or colonize any part of North America?
A. France B. PortugalC. England
D. Spain
STEP 1: COPY BOTH GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS
STEP 2: READ PAGES 40 – 41 IN THE COACHBOOK
9 SS8H1c
A Native American once asked, “Why did the white man come to our lands?”
EUROPEAN COLONIZATION OF NORTH AMERICA
SPAIN FRANCE ENGLAND
REASONS FOR EXPLORING AND COLONIZING THE SOUTHEAST REGION OF NORTH AMERICA
REASONS FOR COLONIZING NORTH AMERICA
• SPANISH MISSIONS –CATHOLIC BRANCH OF CHRISTIANITY
• DEFEATED BY ENGLAND -1588
• COLONIZE FLORIDA TO SOUTH AMERICA
• FOCUS ON FUR TRADE
• RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
• SETTLE THE INTERIOR – MISSISSIPPI REGION AND CANADA
• PROTESTANT BRANCH OF CHRISTIANITY
• SETTLE THE ATLANTIC COAST NORTH OF FLORIDA
• tnhistoryforkids.org
• Wikimedia.org
• Learnnc.org
• Spvocation.org