warlord china, 1912-27

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Warlord China, 1912-27 Learning Objectives: Describe how China was ruled after the 1911 Revolution. Examine the effects of Yuan’s rule on China Describe the key features of China under the Warlords Key Words, People & Places: National Assembly Guomindang Twenty-One Demands Warlords

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Page 1: Warlord China, 1912-27

Warlord China, 1912-27

Learning Objectives:

• Describe how China was ruled

after the 1911 Revolution.

• Examine the effects of Yuan’s

rule on China

• Describe the key features of

China under the Warlords

Key Words, People & Places:

National Assembly

Guomindang

Twenty-One DemandsWarlords

Page 2: Warlord China, 1912-27

Outline the main economic, social, and political

problems in China at the turn of the century?

Starter: China 1900

Page 3: Warlord China, 1912-27

Constitutional Republic was set up in 1912.

What should this have looked like?

• Democracy – President would share tasks with an elected parliament.

• Elections of the parliament was known as the National Assembly. First took place in 1913.

Who won the majority of the seats in this first election?

Presidency of

Yuan Shi Kai

LO:Describe

how China was

ruled after the

1911 Revolution.

Page 4: Warlord China, 1912-27

This was Sun Yat Sun’s new People’s National Party.

GuomindangLO:Describe

how China was

ruled after the

1911 Revolution.

Page 5: Warlord China, 1912-27

How did Yuan Shi Kai feel about the outcome of the 1913 elections?

• He felt the National Assembly dominated by the GMD was slow, inefficient and corrupt.

What did Yuan Shi Kai do in January 1914?

• Dissolved the National Assembly – made himself President for the next ten years.

• Had support from European Powers – Why?

• Need to protect trading interests

• End 1914 Yuan ruled as a dictator in 12 of the 18 provinces.

Who ensured that they provinces remained loyal to Yuan and why?

Guomindang (GMD)LO:Describe

how China was

ruled after the

1911 Revolution.

Page 6: Warlord China, 1912-27

1915 – Yuan attempted to become the next emperor

of China. His dynasty would be called ‘The Grand

Constitutional Era’ - What is ironic about the above

statement?

Three groups opposed Yuan becoming emperor.

Who were they and why did they oppose the idea?

• Guomindang – Democratic Government

• Generals /Military Commanders – Lose power

• Japanese – wanted to control large areas of

China.

A New Emperor!LO:Describe

how China was

ruled after the

1911 Revolution.

Page 7: Warlord China, 1912-27

What were the twenty One demands?

Japan wanted control of many of China’s factories, railways and ports. If China did not agree Japan would invade.

How did the Chinese People view Yuan’s response?

Christmas Day 1915 – Army in Yunnan rebelled – other provinces soon followed.

Dropped plans to become emperor and died soon after in 1916.

Twenty One DemandsLO: Examine

the effects of

Yuan’s rule on

China

Page 8: Warlord China, 1912-27

With Yuan Shi Kai now gone China fell apart as no one leader strong enough to rule. Central Government collapsed and from 1916 to 1927 the Warlords fought each other for control. Brutality during this period extensive

The Time of the

Warlords

LO:Describe the

key features of

China under the

Warlords

Page 9: Warlord China, 1912-27

The Time of the

Warlords

LO:Describe the

key features of

China under the

Warlords

They fought for control of Beijing, to be recognised as the official

government of China . The effects were disastrous, particularly on the

peasants who were raped and pillaged and forced to pay taxes up to 30

years in advance, for their “protection and safety”.

Li Yuanbong Zhang Zuolin Yan Xishan Feng Yuxiang

Page 10: Warlord China, 1912-27

Read the article on ISLE and complete the true

and false questions below.

Now use the information that you have read to

describe the key features of China under the

Warlords.

• Economy

• Political

• Industrial

• Law and Order

The Time of the

Warlords

LO:Describe the

key features of

China under the

Warlords

Page 11: Warlord China, 1912-27

You are going to prepare a presentation in groups that will be delivered next lesson to the class.

The topics are as follows:

• The New Tide & the May 4th Movement

• The Guomindang

• The Chinese Communist Party & The First United Front, 1922-27

• The First Northern Expedition, 1926-7 & the Shanghai Massacre 1927

Homework

Page 12: Warlord China, 1912-27

• Why did many Chinese believe the 1911

Revolution had been betrayed?

• What was the May 4th Movement of 1919 and

why did it happen?

• What was the ultimate aim of the movement?

• What changes did its supporters advocate as a

way to achieve this goal? Why might this be

ironic?

The New Tide

Page 13: Warlord China, 1912-27

• What had happened to Sun and the GMD since his resignation as president in 1912?

• What was their main aim?

• What did Sun and the GMD have in common with the CCP in the early 1920s?

• Explain how the GMD changed between 1917 to 1925 with regards to the following:– The Three Principles

– Relations with the Soviet Union

– Organisation

– Relations with the CCP

The Guomindang

Page 14: Warlord China, 1912-27

• Who founded the party, when and where?

• Why do you think Marixsm was attractive to the Chinese revolutionaries?

• What was this and where was it based?

• What was its purpose and why was it attractive to the GMD and the CCP?

• Define the roles of the following:– Sun Yat Sen

– Chiang Kai Shek

– Mao Zedong

– Chou En Lai– Abram Joffe

– Michael Borodin

– General Galen

The Chinese Communist Party and

the First United Front, 1922-27

Page 15: Warlord China, 1912-27

• Why did Chiang replace Sun as Leader of the

GMD in 1925?

• What was the result of the first Northern

Expedition, 1926-27?

• Why was is successful?

• What happened in Shanghai in 1927?

• Where else was it repeated?

• Why?

The First Northern Expedition & the

Shanghai Massacre