War on Terrorism War on Terrorism War in IraqWar in Iraq

September 11September 11

19 Terrorists hijacked 4 commercial planes 19 Terrorists hijacked 4 commercial planes 8:50am – American Airlines Flight 11 crashes into 8:50am – American Airlines Flight 11 crashes into

Tower One of the World Trade CenterTower One of the World Trade Center9:04am – United Airlines Flight 175 crashes in to 9:04am – United Airlines Flight 175 crashes in to

Tower Two of the WTCTower Two of the WTC9:37am - American Airlines Flight 77 crashes into 9:37am - American Airlines Flight 77 crashes into

the Pentagonthe Pentagon10:03am - United Flight 93 crashes into a field in 10:03am - United Flight 93 crashes into a field in

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania

Flight Interactive - Flight Interactive - http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/map.html Highjackers Interactive -Highjackers Interactive -

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/s/sept_11_2001/attacks/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/multimedia.day.html

Terrorist Attack Timeline - Terrorist Attack Timeline - http://www.nctc.gov/site/calendar/index.html

September 11, 2001September 11, 2001

Number of dead: 2,992Number of dead: 2,992

World Trade Center: 2,759 (includes 10 hijackers and 157 World Trade Center: 2,759 (includes 10 hijackers and 157 passengers and crew members) passengers and crew members) Pentagon: 125 (includes 5 hijackers and 59 passengers and Pentagon: 125 (includes 5 hijackers and 59 passengers and crew members) crew members) Flight 93: 44 (includes 4 hijackers) Flight 93: 44 (includes 4 hijackers)

First responders killed at the World Trade Center:First responders killed at the World Trade Center:New York Police Department: 23 New York Police Department: 23 Fire Department of New York: 343 Fire Department of New York: 343 Port Authority Police: 37 Port Authority Police: 37 Emergency Medical Service: 3 Emergency Medical Service: 3

What was the response of the U.S. government following this What was the response of the U.S. government following this attack? attack?

President’s Comments -President’s Comments -http://www.whitehouse.gov/september11/

Coalition Map - Coalition Map - http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/coalition.maps/

Homeland Security Act – 2002 – created Department of Homeland Security Act – 2002 – created Department of Homeland SecurityHomeland Security

USA Patriot Act - USA Patriot Act - Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001

War on TerrorismWar on TerrorismSeptember 11, 2001 – terrorist attacks on United September 11, 2001 – terrorist attacks on United

States blamed on Al QaedaStates blamed on Al Qaeda

Al QaedaAl Qaeda terrorist network led by Osama bin Ladenterrorist network led by Osama bin Laden

Mission: wage holy war on enemies of Arabs Mission: wage holy war on enemies of Arabs and/or Muslimsand/or Muslims

hates United States for involvement in Middle hates United States for involvement in Middle East, Desert Storm (Iraq), IsraelEast, Desert Storm (Iraq), Israel

was operating out of Afghanistan at the time of was operating out of Afghanistan at the time of 9/119/11

Afghanistan fought off invasion of the Soviet Union in fought off invasion of the Soviet Union in

1980s1980s Civil War followed amongst group trying to Civil War followed amongst group trying to

get control of the countryget control of the country Taliban takes control (OPPRESSIVE!!!!!!) Taliban takes control (OPPRESSIVE!!!!!!) Taliban allows Osama bin Laden to Taliban allows Osama bin Laden to

operate out of countryoperate out of country Refuses to assist or turn him over after Refuses to assist or turn him over after

9/119/11 United States along with other countries United States along with other countries

remove Taliban from power and attempt remove Taliban from power and attempt to eliminate Al Qaeda activities thereto eliminate Al Qaeda activities there

Taliban RuleTaliban Rule

strict interpretation Islamic law strict interpretation Islamic law executions and punishments executions and punishments television, music, and the Internet bannedtelevision, music, and the Internet banned men required to wear beardsmen required to wear beards girls forbidden to go to schoolgirls forbidden to go to school women barred from working outside the women barred from working outside the

homehome women were prohibited from leaving their women were prohibited from leaving their

home without a male relative.home without a male relative.

Current Situation in Current Situation in Afghanistan Afghanistan

US CasualtiesUS Casualties

Taliban and Al Qaeda have been removed from power, but Taliban and Al Qaeda have been removed from power, but still present in small pockets in the country. still present in small pockets in the country.

They want the US and International Peacekeepers to leave They want the US and International Peacekeepers to leave Afghanistan. Afghanistan.

Taliban-Al Qaeda alliance carries out suicide bombing and Taliban-Al Qaeda alliance carries out suicide bombing and guerrilla-like attacks on our troops.guerrilla-like attacks on our troops.

2004=522004=522005=992005=992006=982006=982007=1102007=110

2001=122001=122002=482002=482003=482003=48

Al QaedaAl Qaeda

Network of Islamic Extremists Network of Islamic Extremists Leader – Osama Bin Laden Leader – Osama Bin Laden

Angry at:Angry at: U.S. military occupation of the Middle East U.S. military occupation of the Middle East U.S. aggression against the Iraqi peopleU.S. aggression against the Iraqi people U.S. support of Israel U.S. support of Israel

"Terrorism against America deserves to be "Terrorism against America deserves to be praised because it was a response to praised because it was a response to injustice, aimed at forcing America to stop injustice, aimed at forcing America to stop its support for Israel, which kills our people.”its support for Israel, which kills our people.”

Osama Bin LadenOsama Bin Laden

Kicked out of Saudi Arabia Kicked out of Saudi Arabia Set up Al Qaeda training camps in SudanSet up Al Qaeda training camps in SudanSudan kicked him out because of pressure from US Sudan kicked him out because of pressure from US

and Saudi Arabiaand Saudi ArabiaWent to AfghanistanWent to Afghanistan

JihadJihadAn individual's striving for spiritual self-perfectionAn individual's striving for spiritual self-perfection

or or A Muslim holy war or spiritual struggle against A Muslim holy war or spiritual struggle against

infidelsinfidels

Has been twisted and used as a reason for waging Has been twisted and used as a reason for waging wars against many Middle Eastern leaders by wars against many Middle Eastern leaders by terrorists. terrorists.

AfghanistanAfghanistan landlocked country -landlocked country -

> making the export > making the export of goods difficult and of goods difficult and expensiveexpensive

rugged mountainous rugged mountainous terrainterrain

temperatures are temperatures are extreme, as hot as extreme, as hot as 120120° F in the ° F in the summer and as cold summer and as cold as -15° F in the as -15° F in the winter.winter.

AfghanistanAfghanistan 1979-1989 Soviet attempted invasion1979-1989 Soviet attempted invasion 1989-1996 Civil War – Islamic fighters turned on 1989-1996 Civil War – Islamic fighters turned on

one anotherone anotherNote – During the Cold War, the U.S. spent $3 billion training and Note – During the Cold War, the U.S. spent $3 billion training and

supplying Afghans fighting against the Soviet Union. Afterwards, supplying Afghans fighting against the Soviet Union. Afterwards, we withdrew all support and left the country in ruins and chaos.we withdrew all support and left the country in ruins and chaos.

In 1995 - the Taliban came to In 1995 - the Taliban came to power, promising traditional, power, promising traditional, Islamic values came into power, Islamic values came into power, installing an oppressive set of installing an oppressive set of rules,rules,including revoking many including revoking many women’s rights.women’s rights.

The end of the Taliban? The end of the Taliban? By October 7, 2001 - Taliban refused to give up By October 7, 2001 - Taliban refused to give up

Osama bin Laden.Osama bin Laden. U.S. began bombing Taliban military sites U.S. began bombing Taliban military sites By December 9, 2001 - Taliban was said to be By December 9, 2001 - Taliban was said to be

defeated defeated

The Taliban has worked to regain power by promising to help Afghanistan’s poorest people and aligning itself with warlords, al-Qaeda, and other militant groups to gain financial support and recruit new fighters.

http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/04/03/afghanistan.war.timeline/index.html

http://icasualties.org/oef/http://icasualties.org/oef/

StatisticsStatistics

1 in 4 children die before age of 51 in 4 children die before age of 5

Average life expectancy is 44 – 25 years Average life expectancy is 44 – 25 years less than Americansless than Americans

Only 6% of population has access to Only 6% of population has access to electricityelectricity

Only 12% of women can read and writeOnly 12% of women can read and write

67% of boys attend school, 14% of girls67% of boys attend school, 14% of girls

IraqIraq

Diverse Diverse

Ethnic GroupsEthnic Groups - - Arabs – 75 percentArabs – 75 percentKurds – 20 percentKurds – 20 percent

Religious GroupsReligious Groups - -Shi'ite Muslims - 62 percent Shi'ite Muslims - 62 percent Sunnis Muslims - 35 percent Sunnis Muslims - 35 percent ChristiansChristians

world's second-largest oil reservesworld's second-largest oil reserves

Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein

Came to power in 1979Came to power in 1979TotalitarianTotalitarianSunniSunniRepressive to the Kurds and Shi’itesRepressive to the Kurds and Shi’itesUsed chemical weapons to subdue Kurdish Used chemical weapons to subdue Kurdish

populationpopulation

Human rights: Iraq had the world's Human rights: Iraq had the world's worst record for known persons who worst record for known persons who have disappeared or remain have disappeared or remain unaccounted for, more than 16,000 unaccounted for, more than 16,000 people. people.

Current Situation in IraqCurrent Situation in Iraq

138 Americans died during invasion138 Americans died during invasion

4483 have died to date (Nov, 14)4483 have died to date (Nov, 14)

Civil War between Shi’ite and Sunnis Civil War between Shi’ite and Sunnis wanting to get controlwanting to get control

Insurgent attacks target US led forces Insurgent attacks target US led forces and Iraqi security forces seen as and Iraqi security forces seen as collaborators.collaborators.

Operation Iraqi FreedomOperation Iraqi Freedom

Invasion in March 2003 – U.S. led (40 other Invasion in March 2003 – U.S. led (40 other countries provided operational support)countries provided operational support)

Saddam did not cooperate with U.N. Saddam did not cooperate with U.N. inspectors searching for weapons of mass inspectors searching for weapons of mass destructiondestruction

Saddam was overthrown on April 9, 2003Saddam was overthrown on April 9, 2003

Iraq army was disbanded – leaving many Iraq army was disbanded – leaving many joblessjobless

U.S. led – provisional government put in placeU.S. led – provisional government put in place

Success in Iraq????Success in Iraq????Dec, 2003 Saddam capturedDec, 2003 Saddam captured

May, 2004 – Bush makes May, 2004 – Bush makes speech declaring war a speech declaring war a successsuccess

““In the battle of Iraq, the United States and In the battle of Iraq, the United States and our allies have prevailed.”our allies have prevailed.”

Oct. 2005 – Iraqi vote adopt Oct. 2005 – Iraqi vote adopt new constitutionnew constitution

InsurgencyInsurgency

Former members of Saddam’s Former members of Saddam’s regimeregime

Al Qaeda Al Qaeda

Mission: get rid of U.S. led coalition forcesMission: get rid of U.S. led coalition forcesHow: convince the enemy's decision-makers How: convince the enemy's decision-makers

their cause is ultimately too costly in blood, their cause is ultimately too costly in blood, money and political capital to pursuemoney and political capital to pursue

Innocents often die in this kind of fighting, but Innocents often die in this kind of fighting, but that's what the insurgents want. that's what the insurgents want.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/baghdad_navigator/ baghdad_navigator/

Map - ViolenceMap - Violence

Civil WarCivil War

Shi’ite and Sunnis wanting to get Shi’ite and Sunnis wanting to get controlcontrol

CasualtiesCasualties

http://icasualties.org/oif/http://icasualties.org/oif/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/bushswar/ frontline/bushswar/

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/middle_east/iraq/indepth_coverage/middle_east/iraq/honorroll/map_flash.html honorroll/map_flash.html

Why not pull out????Why not pull out????

Send message to future enemies of Send message to future enemies of the United States: Americans do not the United States: Americans do not have the will to wage a successful have the will to wage a successful counterinsurgency. counterinsurgency.

Bush administration's plan was to Bush administration's plan was to establish a large and competent-establish a large and competent-enough Iraqi force so that even if the enough Iraqi force so that even if the insurgency has historical staying insurgency has historical staying power, Iraqis can fight successful power, Iraqis can fight successful counterinsurgency. counterinsurgency.

Iraqi Poll on WarIraqi Poll on War

For each question, answer the For each question, answer the following:following:

1)1) What information does this question What information does this question provide Americans about Iraqi provide Americans about Iraqi people?people?

2)2) How have the numbers changed How have the numbers changed over time? over time?

ReviewReview

ForFor

QuizQuiz

War in IraqWar in IraqSaddam Hussein – was leader of Iraq Saddam Hussein – was leader of Iraq

from 1979-2003from 1979-2003

Was not cooperating with UN Nuclear Was not cooperating with UN Nuclear weapons inspectionsweapons inspections

US led invasion of Iraq – March 2003US led invasion of Iraq – March 2003

May 1, 2003 – Invasion completeMay 1, 2003 – Invasion complete

• Torah• Friday• Muhammad• Saturday• Bible• Sunday• Moses• Church• Synagogue• Koran• Jesus• God• Mosque

Belief System: Christianity Judaism Islamic

Where do people worship?

What is the holy book called?

What day of the week do followers worship?

Diety/Important leader associated with belief system.

Religion of Islam Religion of Islam World’s second largest religionWorld’s second largest religion The Qur’an is the holy guide to Islam.The Qur’an is the holy guide to Islam. Major aspects of the Islamic religion Major aspects of the Islamic religion

include testimony of faith, prayer, include testimony of faith, prayer, charity, fasting, pilgrimage.charity, fasting, pilgrimage.

““Covering” is a religious duty. Women Covering” is a religious duty. Women can only have their faces and hands can only have their faces and hands showing in public. Men must not showing in public. Men must not expose anything from navel to knee.expose anything from navel to knee.

Questions - IslamQuestions - Islam

List and briefly describe Five Pillars of List and briefly describe Five Pillars of Islam.Islam.

What are some of the rules that Muslims What are some of the rules that Muslims follow in their daily lives? follow in their daily lives?

List and briefly describe the different List and briefly describe the different aspects of the roles of women in Islam:aspects of the roles of women in Islam:

Five Pillars of IslamFive Pillars of Islam

Declaration of Faith – no other godsDeclaration of Faith – no other gods

Prayer – brief prayer 5 times a dayPrayer – brief prayer 5 times a day

Charity – give to poor and needy Charity – give to poor and needy

Fasting – RamadanFasting – Ramadan

Pilgrimage to Mecca – travel to Saudi Pilgrimage to Mecca – travel to Saudi Arabia once in lifetimeArabia once in lifetime

Daily Life of MuslimsDaily Life of Muslims

Prohibits things harmful to body Prohibits things harmful to body (drugs, alcohol). Also, prohibits lying, (drugs, alcohol). Also, prohibits lying, stealing, cheating, etc. stealing, cheating, etc.

Clergy not above othersClergy not above others

Encourage sharing of their faithEncourage sharing of their faith

Women and IslamWomen and IslamMarriage: some arranged marriages, man takes Marriage: some arranged marriages, man takes

financial responsibilityfinancial responsibility

Some polygamy - man must treat wives equallySome polygamy - man must treat wives equally

Family: important, extended family includedFamily: important, extended family included

Public life: educated, modesty should not affectedPublic life: educated, modesty should not affected

Modesty – covering – varies from culture to Modesty – covering – varies from culture to cultureculture

Relationship between men and women: no sexual Relationship between men and women: no sexual exchanges outside of marriageexchanges outside of marriage

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/globalconnections/mideast/questions/women/#the_veil questions/women/#the_veil