war affects the world section 3 pages 753-757. the gallipoli campaign 1915 – 1916 british attack...
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War Affects the World
Section 3
Pages 753-757
The Gallipoli Campaign1915 – 1916
British attack on Turkey Knock Turkey out of the
war Get supplies to Russia Persuade neutral Balkan
states to join Allies
A failure Churchill humiliated Bulgaria joins Central
PowersDavid Lloyd George & Winston
Churchill in 1910
Gallipoli
Battle for the Dardanelles
Notable Allied failure to take straits b/t Black Sea & Med Sea
250K died Hopes of a supply line to Russia
dashed
The Battle of Verdun
February to December 1916 Germany wanted to “bleed
France white” Massive German offensive
against French city of Verdun 1,400 artillery along 8-mile
front 1 million shells fired on first
day Casualties
France: 542,000 Germany: 434,000
Dead soldiers at Verdun
The Battle of the Somme
July – November 1916 Allied attempt to relieve
pressure on Verdun British attack along the
Somme River Preceded by 7-day artillery
barrage British had 57,000
casualties on the first day Casualties
Allies: 600,000 Germany: 500,000
Eastern Front
Battle of Tannenberg, Sept. 1914 Russians pushed out of Germany 30k Russians died
Battle of Limanowa, Dec. 1914 Russia pushed out of Austria-
Hungary
Battle of Tannenburg
1st major battle on the Eastern Front
German victory Result of premature Russian
invasion of Germany However, it did divert
German forces from the Western Front, enabling the Allies to halt the German advance on Paris
Russian effort collapses, 1916
Lack of industrialization Troops poorly supplied
Ports blockaded Germans (Baltic Sea),Ottomans
(Black Sea) Only asset were huge numbers
1917
The Fateful Year
The United States and World War I
Isolationist tradition Wilson declares USA
neutral in European war Wilson calls for “peace
without victory” US banks loan
belligerents money Pro-Allied sentiment in
America
President Woodrow Wilson
Sussex Pledge
The Sussex pledge was a promise made in 1916 during World War I by Germany to the United States prior to the latter's entry into the war. Germany had been carrying out unrestricted submarine warfare, indiscriminately attacking any non-German vessel using their U-boats, hindering Allied trade. In the process, a French passenger ship, the Sussex, was fired upon. After this incident, President Woodrow Wilson threatened that if Germany were to continue this practice, the United States would break diplomatic relations with Germany. Fearing the entry of the United States into World War I, Germany attempted to appease the United States by issuing the Sussex pledge, which promised a change in Germany’s naval warfare policy.
In 1917 Germany became convinced they could defeat the Allied Forces by returning to unrestricted submarine warfare before the United States could enter the war, thereby violating the Sussex pledge.
The Sinking of the Lusitania
May 7, 1915 British passenger
liner Sunk by German
U-boat 1,200 lives lost 128 Americans dead Pushed USA closer to
Allies
The Lusitania
Germany Announces Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
January 31, 1917 Germans promise to
sink any ship that enters the war zone Cut off supplies to
Britain & France Force Allied
surrender US merchant ships
sunk
The Zimmerman TelegramFebruary 28, 1917
British intelligence intercepted German telegram to Mexico
Germans promised Mexico territory lost to USA in Mexican War (1846-48)
Mexico did not take the telegram seriously
The USA, however, did April 6, 1917 – USA
declared war on Germany
The Zimmerman Telegram
Zimmerman
Note
Evidence of stereotyping?
John J. Pershing
Led the American Expeditionary Force in World War I.
American “doughboy”
Home Front
Total war touched all livesWartime economy (rations)All able-bodied people put to
workCivil liberties suspendedOfficial use of propaganda
Daylight Savings Time
Victory Gardens
Bernard Baruch
War Industries BoardCoordinated
production of war supplies.
Popular Nationalism was inflamed
Government leaned heavily on public opinion
Media was manipulatedPropaganda became normal
Propaganda poster
U.S.A. Bonds Third Liberty
Loan Campaign. Boy Scouts of
America Weapons for Liberty, 1917
1917 Anti-German fever in UK
Royal family changed name to Windsor…
German businesses destroyed, German dog breeds attacked
Propaganda
Information or material spread to advance a cause or damage an opponent’s cause.
Alvin York
Most decorated American soldier of World War I.
Mata Hari(1876-1917)
Dutch, wife of military officer in Indonesia
Parisian cabaret dancer
Shot as a spy by France, 1917
Segregated Military
Harlem Hellfighters