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Walnut Shell Filter Reuse PotentialWalnut Shell Filter Reuse Potential

Mike HowdeshellMike HowdeshellChris CatalanottoChris CatalanottoEric LorgeEric Lorge

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Introduction / Content

ContentsIntroductionWalnut Shell Filter BasicsOff-Shore Pilot TestOn-Shore Pilot TestConclusion

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• Vertical vessel designed with 48 –66 inch bed depth of walnut shell

• Utilizes adsorption technology for oil coalescing

• Backwash technologies to regenerate

• Available for on-shore or off-shore application

What is the Walnut Shell Filter

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How Do They Work?

• Continuous pressurized bed• Bed cycle based on time or pressure• Media is recharged using backwash • Oil is coalesced not adsorbed• Used to remove SS and free oil• Walnut shell media have equal affinity for water and oil• Very low attrition rate

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Typical Walnut Shell Filter Media

The Black Walnut Shell• Excellent surface characteristics for

• Coalescence• Filtration • High “modulus of elasticity”• Chemical free oil separation

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Oil Coated Nut Shells

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Advantages of a Vertical Design

Constant flux during forward flow throughout entire bed. Even bed fluidization during cleaning cycle - low chances of stagnation – ensures longer filter run times and overall media longevity.

Full depth capture of oil and particulates. Minimum chance for suspended solids to break through to downstream units.

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Points to Consider

• 5% loss of shells per year.

• Oil is not absorbed by the shells, but attached.

• Backwash is typically performed every 24 hours, unless bed becomes fouled with TSS.

• Typically 20 minute backwash cycle

• Media need to be washed prior to placing them in service.

• Typical Loading rate = 13.5 GPM/ft2

• Maximum Oil loading = 100 PPM oil and 100 PPM TSS, expect 90% to 95% removal efficiency.

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Typical Process Restrictions/Advantages

• 100 PPM inlet free oil • 100 PPM inlet TSS• 13.5 GPM/ft2 (33 m3/hour/m2) typical flux rate • 95% removal > 2 micron • 98% removal > 5 micron • <5 PPM free oil/TSS in effluent• Fully automatic backwash system• Thirty (30) minutes off line • 1% of throughput to waste• Backwash with raw inlet water • No interruption of feed• No chemicals

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Produced Water Treatment

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Pilot Testing – BP Valhall Platform

Objectives Prove walnut shell media can handle North Sea

produced water Test efficiency of system Suitable for off-shore?

Stavanger

Bergen

Oslo

BP Valhall

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Backwash Procedure Used in Test

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Pilot Study Results from the North Sea

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Results from Pilot Testing –Inlet and Effluent Oil Concentrations

45

50

55

60

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70

8/21/2008 8/22/2008 8/23/2008 8/24/2008 8/25/2008 8/26/2008

Inle

t oil

(ppm

)

0

1

2

3

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5

Effl

uent

oil

(ppm

)

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Monosep™ High-flow WSF

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Pilot Unit Characteristics

2 vessels

1300 lbs. black walnut shells

Flow Range – 42 to 168 gpm

Flux Range – 13.5 to 27 gpm/ft2

Backwash Waste: 300 – 420 gallons

Gas Requirements/Usage: 90 – 250 SCF total usage

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Pilot Site Information

Located in Western US

Treatment of produced water from oil field

Oil field production is a mixture of 98% water and 2% oil

Producing rate ~50 bpd oil (2500 bpd produced water)

Treatment Equipment – Gravity separation, VOC/H2S stripping, WSF, carbon

Pilot duration from Tuesday, April 27, 2010 through July 9, 2010

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Pilot Flow – Typical Produced Water Treatment

Typical WSF applications:• Oil and Grease influent concentrations ~ 50 ppm

• Total Suspended Solids (TSS) influent concentration ~ 10 ppm

Primary SeparationPrimary Separation- Gravity Separation

Secondary SeparationSecondary Separation- Dissolved Air/Gas Flotation- (not used at Western US site)

Tertiary SeparationTertiary Separation- Walnut Shell Filter - Carbon

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Pilot Study Objectives

Test the recovery capabilities of the internalized backwash

Internalized backwash system with no moving parts Increasing the flux rate from 13.5 gpm/ft2 to 20.25

gpm/ft2 Not enough flow to test 27 gpm/ft2

Particle size range removal efficiency Water suitable for recycle – carbon/RO treatment

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Overall Oil Removal - Flux Rate 13.5 gpm/ft2

Influent and Effluent Oil Concentration (13.5 gpm/ft2)Samples Analyzed by EPA Method 1664A

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

5/10/10 19:12 5/11/10 19:12 5/12/10 19:12 5/13/10 19:12 5/14/10 19:12 5/15/10 19:12 5/16/10 19:12 5/17/10 19:12

Date & Time

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/L)

Lab Inlet Total O&G (HEM)

Lab Outlet Total O&G (HEM)

Confidential Informat ion© 2010 Siemens Water Technol ogies Corp.

Detection Limit - 1.40 mg/L

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Overall Oil Removal - Flux Rate 20.25 gpm/ft2

Influent and Effluent Oil Concentration (20.25 gpm/ft2)Samples Analyzed by EPA Method 1664A

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

5/18/10 22:48 5/23/ 10 22:48 5/28/10 22:48 6/2/10 22:48 6/7/10 22:48 6/12/10 22:48 6/17/10 22:48 6/22/10 22:48 6/27/10 22:48

Date & Time

Conc

entra

tion

(mg/

L)

Lab Inlet Total O&G (HEM)

Lab Outlet Total O&G (HEM)

Confidential Information© 2010 Siemens Water Technologies Corp.


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Overall TSS Removal - Flux Rate 13.5 gpm/ft2

Influent and Effluent Total Suspended Solids Concentration (13.5 gpm/ft2)Samples Analyzed by Standard Methods 2540D

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

5/10/10 19:12 5/11/10 19:12 5/12/10 19:12 5/13/10 19:12 5/14 /10 19:12 5/15/10 19:12 5/16/10 19:12 5/17/10 19:12

Date & Time

Con

cen

trat

ion

(mg/

L)

Influent TSS

Effluent TSS

Conf idential I nformation© 2010 Siem ens Water T echnol ogies Corp.


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Overall TSS Removal - Flux Rate 20.25 gpm/ft2

Influent and Effluent Total Suspended Solids Concentration (20.25 gpm/ft2)Samples Analyzed by Standard Methods 2540D

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

5/18/1022:48

5/23/1022:48

5/28/1022:48

6/2/1022:48

6/7/1022:48

6/12/1022:48

6/17/1022:48

6/22/1022:48

6/27/1022:48

Date & Time

Conc

entra

tion

(mg/

L)

Influent TSS Effluent TSS

Co nfide nt ial Info rmati on© 2 010 Si eme ns Water Technol ogies Corp.


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Particle Size Comparisons – 13.5 gpm/ft2

Influent vs Effluent Total Particle Comparison - 5/14/10*Total Particle Count in Influent: 280,572

Total Particle Count in Effluent: 460Flux Rate: 13.5 gpm/ft2

100.0%100.0%

100.0%100.0%

99.9% 99.9%

99.2%100.0%

100.0%

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

0-2 3-5 6-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 >60

Size, microns

Num

ber

of P

artic

les

Influent Effluent #'s Above = % Removal*50 minute analysis Confident ial Inf ormat ion© 2010 Siemens Water Technologies Corp.

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Particle Size Comparisons – 20.25 gpm/ft2

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Influent vs Effluent Total Particle Comparison - 5/14/10*Total Particle Count in Influent: 280,572

Total Particle Count in Effluent: 460Flux Rate: 13.5 gpm/ft

2

100.0%100.0%

100.0%100.0%

99.9% 99.9%

99.2%100.0%

100.0%

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

0-2 3-5 6-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 >60

Size, microns

Num

ber o

f Par

ticle

s

Influent Effluent #'s Above = % Removal*50 minute analysis Confidential Inf ormation© 2010 S iemens W ater Technologies Co rp.

Overall Particle Comparisons

• All particles greater than 20 microns were removed

•At 13.5 gpm/ft2 greater than 99% of particles were removed

•At 20.25 gpm/ft2 greater than 95% of particles were removed

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Conclusions

1. Reliable – treated produced water at the pilot sites.

2. Robust – During US pilot, WSF encountered significant variation in influent concentrations of oil and solids, the pilot unit was able to recover from the encountered upset conditions.

3. On several occasions during the pilot study, the backwash systemwas able to recover from upset conditions (>200 ppm oil)

4. BETX compounds were not removed by the WSF at this site.

5. 100% of particles > 20 microns were removed.

6. >96% of particles smaller than 20 microns were removed.

7. Reuse – Water sent to carbon to create RO feed quality water

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Questions???

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