Wake-upWrite answers on back of old Wake-up

1. Explain the difference between prophase and telophase.

2. What is the end result of the cell cycle?

3. If a cell has 140 chromosomes and it undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will be present in the new cell?

Protein Synthesis

Christopherson

Write down 3 “things” that you know about DNA

What is a GENE?

Instruction manual for our body

Portion of DNA that “codes” (has

directions) for a trait

What is a TRAIT?A trait is a genetically determined characteristic

Where is a Gene?

•Within DNA

•The nitrogen bases spell out

the instructions.

RNARibonucleic

Acid

Make up of Nucleotides

Contains Phosphorus

RNA Nucleotide

A

BC

Phosphate

Ribose

Nitrogen Base

GuanineCytosineAdenine

Uracil

Types of RNA

Messenger RNA

Nickname: mRNA

Made up of ONE strand

of nucleotides

mRNA FunctionCopy a message from a gene on DNA

DNA

mRNA

Types of RNA

Transfer RNA

Nickname: tRNA

Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides and a amino acid

tRNA FunctionCarries amino acids to mRNA

mRNA

Amino Acids

Types of RNA

Ribosomal RNA

Nickname: rRNA

Made up of ONE strand of

nucleotides mixed with the

ribosome

rRNA FunctionForms peptide bonds between the amino acids

Amino acid

Amino acid

Amino acid

Amino acid

PeptideBond

rRNA

DNA versus RNA: # of Strands

1 strand2 strands

DNA versus RNA: Sugar

Deoxyribose Ribose

DNA versus RNA: Bonds with Adenine

Adenine Thymine Adenine Uracil

DNA RNA

Review: ProteinsProteins are made up of amino acids that

are held together by peptide bonds

Brief summary of Protein synthesis(Video iTunes: 12:22-14:58)

Make Proteins

Brief Summary of Transcription

Make mRNA from a gene on DNA

Location of Transcription

Nucleus

Process of Transcription

T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G TA T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A

DNA Backbone Nitrogen Bases

Choose a gene that needs to be “read” or copied

RNA Polymerase attaches to DNA and

breaks Hydrogen bonds; splitting DNA

RNA Polymerase

Process of Transcription

T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T

A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A

DNA BackboneNitrogen Bases

DNA

A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A T C A

RNA polymerase adds matching nucleotides to exposed DNA strand

mRNA

RNA Polymerase

A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A

DNA is split apart; separated

Process of Transcription

T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G TA T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A

DNA BackboneNitrogen Bases

DNA

A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A U C A mRNA

RNA Polymerase

RNA Polymerase leaves

A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A U C A

A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A

mRNA leaves the nucleusDNA recombines

mRNA

Transcription AnimationTranscription Video #1

Translation Video: iTunes (16:37)

Transcribe the following

TAC GGC AAA TAG GAT TTT CCA TTA AGTDNA

AUG CCG UUU AUC CUA AAA GGU AAU UCA mRNA