wake-up 1.explain the difference between transcription and translation. (hint: think about what is...
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MutationsTRANSCRIPT
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Wake-up
1. Explain the difference between transcription and translation. (Hint: Think about what is made)
2. Explain difference between codon and anticodon.
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Wake-up
1. Find the amino acid sequence for the following strand of DNA:
TAC GGC CCA AAA CTC AGC
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MutationsMutations
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What is a mutation?
Change in the DNA nitrogen base
sequence of a gene
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What causes mutations????
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How do Mutations Occur?
Errors in DNA
Replication
Replication
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How do Mutations Occur?
Damaged DNA caused by
agents such as sunlight, smoke,
radiation
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Category of Mutation: Point Change in one base of the DNA sequence.
Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat
Point mutation: The fat hat ate the wee rat
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Example of Point Mutation: Sickle Cell Anemia
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Sickle Cell Anemia: Point Mutation
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Sickle Cell Anemia Story(Beginning to 3:00)
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Category of Mutation: Frameshift Addition or deletion of a DNA base resulting
in a different sequence of DNA.
Original: The fat cat ate the wee rat
Frameshift mutation: The fat ata tet hew eer at
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Tay Sachs Disease: Frameshift Mutation
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Example of Frameshift Mutation: Tay Sachs
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Blame it on DNA: Review Song
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Wake-up1. What are two causes of mutations?
2. Which type of mutation, point or frameshift, does the most “damage” to the protein/amino acid sequence.
3. Explain why.
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Let’s practice protein synthesis with normal DNA
DNA: TAC AAC GTC ACC ATT
mRNA: AUG UUG CAG UGG UAA
Amino acid: Met Leu Gln Trp STOP
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Mutated Example of Substitution
DNA: TAC AAG GTC ACC ATT
mRNA: AUG UUC CAG UGG UAA
Amino acid: Met Phe Gln Trp STOP
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Type of Mutations: Substitution Change in one base of the DNA sequence
which causes a change in amino acid.
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Mutated Example of Insertion/Addition
DNA: TAC AAC CGT CAC CAT T
mRNA: AUG UUG GCA GUG GUA A
Amino acid: Met Leu Ala Val Val
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Type of Mutations: Insertion/AdditionAddition of one or more bases into a DNA
sequence
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Mutated Example of Deletion
DNA: TAC AAC GCA CCA TT
mRNA: AUG UUG CGU GGU AA
Amino acid: Met Leu Arg Gly
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Type of Mutations: DeletionThe removal of one or more bases in DNA