wagner & ypey 2011 - das gräberfeld auf dem donderberg bei rhenen

7/23/2019 Wagner & Ypey 2011 - Das Grberfeld auf dem Donderberg bei Rhenen

1/698

Has Or`mrgmch aug hmjHkehmr`mro `mf

Pbmeme

Datacko

Aeemttm _aoemr & Laap Vpmy


2/698

Yfhmstkem ^rmssA emw om emratfke kg ^u`cf sbfeo

Vku arm rmahfeo a gucc vmrsfke kg tbfs `kkd, gkr grmm!

Xbfs `kkd fs part kg tbm Yfhmstkem m-cf`rary wbmrm jkst kg kur

pu`cfiatfkes arm guccy aiimssf`cm gkr grmm. Gkr aiimss tk jkrm

grmm `kkds vfsft< www.sfhmstkem.ikj/cf`rary

Hkweckah Gucc ^HG

Wfsft tbm Yfhmstkem m-cf`rary tk `rkwsm kur m-`kkds. Gkr a jfefjac

gmm yku iae puribasm a guccy gueitfkeac ^HG aeh `y hkfeo sk, yku

bmcp tk dmmp kur cf`rary rueefeo.

www.sfhmstkem.ikj/cf`rary


3/698

Yfhmstkem ^rmss

Has Or`mrgmch aug hmj

Hkehmr`mro `mf

Pbmeme


4/698


5/698

Has Or`mrgmch aug hmj

Hkehmr`mro `mf

Pbmeme

Datacko

Aeemttm _aoemr & Laap Vpmy

Bmrausomom`me vke

Aeemjarfmdm _fccmjsme


6/698

0>11 A. _aoemr & L. Vpmy

^u`cfsbmh y Yfhmstkem rmss, Cmfhmefe ikkpmratfke wftb tbm Pfldsjusmuj vae Kuhbmhme, Cmfhme

www.sfhmstkem.ikjYfhmstkem rmofstratfke euj`mr< YY^2886>>>1

FY@E 6?2-6>-226>->??-2

Ikvmr hmsfoe< D. _metfed, Yfhmstkem ^rmssCay-kut< J.L. Wmmr


7/698


8/698

Haedsaoueo

Hfm Ymftme 7 `fs 0> wurhme `mrsmtzt vke @ .J. Bufsdms ueh dkrrfofmrtvke L.P.A . Yibemfhmr ueh G. rmf. Hfm Autkrfe haedt, omjmfesaj jfthmj ^rklmdttmaj, hme gkcomehme ^mrskeme gr Fbrm Jftwfrdueo aj^rklmdt Pmvfvfeo Pbmeme< J.P. vae @kjjmc, I. @raehmeùrob,Xb. Iaccfoark, B. . Hmys, Xb.L. Omurtsme, M. Okhgrmy, L. Orfjj, I. Fsfeos,O. Dkre`cutb, J.I. Dksfae, C. Jmomes, I. âibmik, P.O.A. J. âebuflsme,

B. auts, G. rmf, @.I. Pfhhmrbkg, ueh Ibr. Xbaeks. Has rklmdtwurhm fieaezfmcc mrjocfibt vke hmr Efmhmrcehfsibme Kroaefsatfkegr wfssmesibagtcfibm Gkrsibueo (E_K) ueh jftuetmrsttzt vkeAribmkJmhfa @W, hmr Omjmfehm Pbmeme, hmj Ytaatcfibme Ajt gr hasDucturmr`m (PIM) ueh hmj Eatfkeacjusmuj gr Actmrtjmr (PJK).


9/698

Febact

Mfecmftueo< Ymibzfo Labrm Or`mrgmch Pbmeme Aeemjarfmdm _fccmjsme ?Xmxtfcfme 1=^gmrhmor`mr 17Jmtacc 1?Aetbrkpkckofsibms Jatmrfac 12Ocasomgssm 16

Gf`mce jft Mfecaom 0>

Caom ueh Gkrsibueosomsibfibtm Aeemttm _aoemr 01

Metwfidcueo hms Pbmememr Or`mcgmchmsa` hmr sptme Pjfsibme Dafsmrzmft Aeemttm _aoemr 91

Gar`a``fchueome 99

\ur Metstmbueo hms vkrcfmomehme Datackos Aeemttm _aoemr 86

Datacko == ;

Aebeom 7=8Ausora`ueospcae 761


10/698

0. Ausora`ueo Pbmeme-Hkehmr`mro, @cfid eaib Kstme,

0. Gm`ruar 16=1. bktk< AE^ (Aribfv B. Hmys, Pbmeme).

1. Bbmedartm (ABE) hmr ]jom`ueo vke Pbmeme jft Ytmccm hmrHkehmr`mro Pkt jardfmrt. Dartm< PIM/Jmeem Dksfae.


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?

M F E C M F X ] E O

Hfm MethmidueoHas Or`mrgmch wurhm fe Pbmeme Aegaeo Hmzmj`mr16=> methmidt, acs hfm Ytrame aufirja Lkb. hm Drkke`mrfibtmtm, jae ba`m Xpgm omguehme fe hmj Yaeh,hme hfm Gfrja a`traome skcctm zur Mrbbueo wmome hmrWmr`rmftmrueo hmr orkme Eatfkeacstram mf Pbmeme,aj Paeh hms Hkehmr`mro THkeemr`mro, A``. 1Z.0HfmWmr`rmftmrueo hmr Ytram zwfsibme ]trmibt ueh Pbmemeomsibab fj Pabjme hms _fmhmraugàus eaib hmj\wmftme _mctdrfmo. Hfm Jmchueo hmr Methmidueo war,smfeme mfomeme _krtme eaib, has Wmrhfmest vke _fj\aeme, hmr has rtcfibm Bmfjatjusmuj mtrmutm.

Ymfe Eaibàr, hmr gr Hm Drkke aug hmj @aoomr ar-`mftmtm, war aj A`meh zu fbj omdkjjme ueh battmomsaot< Fib drfmom `mf hmr Ar`mft acc hfmsm skehmràrme

Yibmr`me fe jmfemr Yibaugmc. \aeme bttm haraug hmjPK@ TYtaatcfibms Ajt gr @khmehmedjacpffmomZ mfemeBfewmfs omom`me.9Hrmffo Labrm sptmr war hfm Methm-idueo zu jytbfsibme rkpkrtfkeme omwaibsme< Acs hmr@aoomr hme mrstme @fssme aus hmj Hkehmr`mro eabj,rmoemtm ms Yibmr`me.8Aug lmhme Gacc juss hfm EaibrfibtAegaeo Hmzmj`mr omdkjjme smfe, hmee mrmfts aj ?.Hmzmj`mr 16=> `fttmt hmr Hfrmdtkr hms PK@, .L. Ocazm-ja, uj hfm Omembjfoueo hmr H]_ THfmest Ausgbrueo_mrdm, Fespmdtfke ]trmibtZ, statt hmr ompcaetme ]etmr-suibueo hmr Yt. âucs-A`tmf fe ]trmibt mfem Ausoraùeovkrzuembjme metcaeo hmr @uehmsstrassm fe Pbmeme,

wmstcfib hmr Ytaht. Aj 6. Hmzmj`mr wfrh zuomstfjjt,vkrausomsmtzt, hass gr hfmsm Ausoraùeo Ar`mftmr vkrKrt sfeh.=

Mfecmftueo< Ymibzfo Labrm Or`mrgmch PbmemeAeemjarfmdm _fccmjsme

Fj Grblabr 16=1 mrgabrme Dfekoeomr fe hme Efmhmrcaehme hurib hfm _kibme-sibau vkr hmj Bauptficj vke mfemr fetmreatfkeac `mhmutmehme aribkckof-sibme Methmidueo< hmr Ausoraùeo mfems orkme gredfsibme Or`mrgmchms mfPbmeme. Hfm @uehmsstrassm zwfsibme ]trmibt ueh Arebmj wfrh mrwmftmrt,

saot hfm Dkjjmetarstfjjm ueh sibke hfm mrstme @fchmr `mtkeme, wfm aehmrshfm Efmhmrcaehm vkr smibzfo Labrme aussabme. Hfm Ytram fst wmefo jmbr acs mfeGmchwmo, omsujt vke mfe paar @aumrebgme, ueh fe hmr Gmrem mrdmeet jaehme Xurj hmr Iuemra-Dfribm fe Pbmeme (A``. 0-9) . Mfe paar sibwarzm Autks,Wkrdrfmosjkhmccm, gabrme vkr`mf, wbrmeh hfm Ar`mftmr jft Yibfm`mrjtzm uehffaibmr Yibaugmc hfm ue`mrsfibtcfibm Oru`m pcaefmrme4 fbrm Gabrrhmr sfeh ajPaehm hmr Oru`m aòmstmcct. Mfe Ar`mftmr bm`t omrahm mfeme oaezme Xkpg vkccmrYaeh aus hmr Oraùeo. Yptmr sfmbt has Dfek, wfm hfmsmr Xkpg sau`mr-ompfesmctwfrh ueh pctzcfib mfe Ocas prmfsof`t, vccfo fetadt. Hfm Methmidueo hms Or`mr-gmchms mf Pbmeme wfrh bibstwabrsibmfecfib vke orkmr @mhmutueo smfe grhas Wmrstehefs hmr \fvfcfsatfke uesmrms Caehms fj smibstme ueh sfm`tme Labr-buehmrt sk sibcfmt hfm ompffmotm Ytfjjm hfmsme @mftrao a`.1

1 ^kcyokke _kibmesibau mftrao Graedfsibm moraagpcaats fl Pbm-eme kethmdt (Gredfsibmr @mstattueoskrt `mf Pbmeme augomhmidt),Festftuut vkkr @mmch me Omcufh, kcyokke Bkccaehs Efmuws, _kibm=1->= (Haed Ibrfstk Xbaeks) . Mfeomhmed hmr fhmetfsibme @fchmrsfeh hfm Augeabjme gr hfm _kibmesibau aj smc`me Xao omjaibtwkrhme wfm hfm rmssmgktks vkj AE^, 0. Gm`ruar 16=1. Hmr @mftrao fstomzmfot wkrhme fs Aegaeo Jaf, acs hmr E.W. kcyokke Gfcjga`rfmdhfm ausrkucfmrtmr Dkpfm Ocazmja zusibfidtm. Yfmbm< Ajmrsgkkrt,Pfldshfmest vkkr bmt Iucturmmc Mrgokmh (PIM), Aribfv hmr ^rkvfez]trmibt, Hkssfmr Pbmeme (wmftmr omeaeet< Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme) ,Yibrmf`me vkj 0. Jaf 16=1.

0 Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme< Yibrmf me hmr Gfrja Hm Drkke zuj Hfrmdtkrhms PK@ Ocazmja, hme 18. Gm`ruar 16=?.

9 Aribfv hmr Ytaht Pbmeme, Yajjcueo @kvmesibme, 16=1. @kvmesibmewar mfe @majtmr hmr Ytaht hmr aug mfomem Feftfatfvm \mftueosaus-sibefttm sajjmctm. Cmfhmr ektfmrtm mr efibt fjjmr hfm Qumccm uehhas omeaum Hatuj. _mftmr omeaeet< Yajjcueo @kvmesibme.

8 Hm Waccmf, ?. Laeuar 1629, aeccfib mfems Wkrtraos vke L. Vpmy(Aribfv Pfldsjusmuj vae Kuhbmhme, 7.1/6 (^rkvfez ]trmibt, \mf-tueosaussibefttm Pbmeme), wmftmr omeaeet< Aribfv PJK-Pbmeme).

= Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme< Yibrmf me vke Ocazmja ae H]_ vkj?. Hmzmj`mr 16=> ueh Yibrmf`me Fespmdtfke ]trmibt ae Ocazmjavkj 6. Hmzmj`mr 16=>.

9. Ausora ueo Pbmeme-Hkehmr`mro,

@cfid eaib Kstme jft hmj Xurj hmr

Duemra-Dfribm fj Bfetmrorueh, 0.

Gm`ruar 16=1. bktk< AE^ (Aribfv B.

Hmys, Pbmeme).


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2

H a s O r ` m r g m c h a u g h m j H k e h m r ` m r o ` m f P b m e m e

Hfm Ausoraùeo `mofeet aj 1=. Laeuar 16=1. Hfm accom-jmfem Cmftueo hmr Ar`mftme cfmot `mf Ocazmja, omora`mewfrh vke mtwa 0= Ar`mftmre aus hmr Ar`mfts`msibag-gueo7, eaib Aewmfsueome hmr OraùeostmibefdmrImms vae Huye ueh Pk`mrt Xb. Wae hmr Oarhme, hmr hfmAugsfibt bat (A``. 8). _fm hfm Gktks hmr Ausoraùeozmfome, wurhm jft hmr Yibaugmc omora`me ueh hmr Yaehjft Yibu`darrme gkrtomsibaggt (A``. =). Mfe Pmpkrtmr

hmr Pkttmrhajmr Jaas`khmsab, wfm Ghme omspaeetwurhme, hajft hfm Or`mr, zu mrdmeeme ae hmr Gar`m hmsYaehms, vmrjmssme ueh omzmfibemt wmrhme deetme,eaibhmj mfe Xmfc hmr Gcibm mfeme bac`me Jmtmr uetmrhmj Jbgmch ocatt ausomora`me wurhm. Fj mrstmeJkeat wurhme aug hfmsm _mfsm sibke 07> Or`mr grmf-omcmot. Jaeibjac, wmee Wae Huye ueh Wae hmr Oarhmedurz fe hmr @auùhm cfm`me jft fbrme ceme ueh\mfibeueome, daj mfemr hmr Ar`mftmr trfujpbfmrmehbmrmfe jft mfemj Deeibme khmr Yibjuid, khmr rfmgaj Gmestmr< _k skcc hfm Cmfibme`raeh bfe;?Aj 6. Jrz16=1 mrbfmct Ocazmja mfeme @rfmg vke hmr Fespmdtfke,hmr fbe haraug bfewfms, hfm Ar`mftmr smfme Aegaeo Aprfcwfmhmr omgraot fe hmr grmfme _frtsibagt, ueh hass mr zu

`mridsfibtfome ba`m hfm Omgabr zu vmrjmfhme, eaib-hmj jae zu caeom fe ormrmj Ytfc omar`mftmt ba`m hass mr efibt jmbr `mr hfm Jeemr wmrhm vmrgomedeeme mfj \usibttme hmr Oru`m ueh Efvmccfmrme hmsOmcehms. Fe hmr \mft vke Laeuar `fs Jaf 16=1 wurhmemtwa zmbe Or`mr prk Xao augomhmidt, aug hmj caemfeomtraome ueh skrogctfo omcmmrt (A``. 7) . Hfm Ausora-ùeo wurhm fj Jaf aòmsibckssme, a`mr fj Luef gkcotmekib hfm Ausoraùeo mfems smparatme dcmfeme Xmfcswmstcfib hms Or`mrgmchms.

Orkm EaibrfibtmeMs wurhm fe durzmr \mft dcar, hass mfe orkms grbjft-tmcactmrcfibms Or`mrgmch omguehme wurhm, ueh haswmidtm sibemcc hfm Augjmrdsajdmft hmr ^rmssm uehggmetcfibdmft. @mrmfts fe hmr mrstme _kibm hmr Oraùeo

mrsibmfeme mrstm @mrfibtm fe hmr ckdacme ^rmssm, hfm auibmrwbet, bkbm @majtm hms @uehmsstramehfmestmswfm auib hmr @romrjmfstmr vke Pbmeme bttme hfmAusoraùeo `msuibt.2Aj 0. Gm`ruar 16=1 jaibtmhas AE^ Tmfem orkm ^rmssmaometurZ Gktks, hfm jftArtfdmce fe eatfkeacme \mftueome ueh \mftsibrfgtmemrsibfmeme. Yfm mrfibtmtme fe becfibmj _krtcaut,ms smf has ortm gredfsibm Or`mrgmch, has fsbmr feuesmrmj Caeh omguehme wurhm, hfm rmfibstm `fsbmr fehme Efmhmrcaehme omguehmem gredfsibm Emdrkpkcmkhmr skoar has ortm gredfsibm Or`mrgmch, has lm fehmr Omsibfibtm augomhmidt wurhm.6Hfm ^rmssm wurhm

mfeomcahme fj Gm`ruar, acs hfm Ausoraùeo fe vkccmjOaeom war, ueh fj Jaf/Luef 16=1, acs sfm aòmsibckssmewurhm. Fe hme mrstme Artfdmce smbme wfr fjjmr hfm ocmf-ibme Ausoraùeosgktks, fe hmr zwmftme Ymrfm fjjmr hfmocmfibme K`lmdtm, vke hmeme Ocazmja mfem Pmfbm Aug-eabjme jaibme cfm. @mskehmrm Mrwbeueo fiehme. Laeuar 16=1. Laeuar 16=1.6 @zw. Jaas`khm Pkttmrhaj, 1?. Gm`ruar 16=14 Yajjcueo @kvme-

sibme, jocfib Hm Waccmf, kbem Hatuj4 Hm Waccmf0=. Laeuar 16==.


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6

M F E C M F X ] E O

mfem @mjmrdueo `mr hme `rmftme Ortmc`msibcao aus@rkezm, hmr ekib ae mfemj krfofeacme Ytid Cmhmr mr-

bactme om`cfm`me fst (Pb 212M). Eaib hmj A`sibcuss hmrOraùeosar`mftme rmaofmrt hfm eatfkeacm ^rmssm ekibmfe paar Jac aug Wkrtrom, hfm fe hme gkcomehme Labrme`mr Pbmeme ombactme wurhme. Eaibrfibtme, wmcibmhas gkrtsibrmftmehm _fssme wfhmrspfmomce< hfm Ormhms Or`mrgmchms wibst vke 19> x 1> Jmtmr aug 17> x8> Jmtmr, hfm Aezabc hmr Or`mr vke 07> fj mrstme Jk-eat aug 287 fetadtm Or`mr, ueh hfm Aezabc hmr Guehmvke 1>>> `mr 1=>> `zw. 0>>> aug sibcfmcfib 9>>>. FjLabrm 16== `mrfibtmtm Ocazmja fe smfemj Wkrtrao gr hfmPW] Tmfe PuehguedsmehmrZ vke mfefome wmftmrme Mrom`-efssme, wfm fj wmsttcfibstme Xmfc hms Gmchms hfm Or`mr

`mrwfmomeh Ekrh-Yh cfmome ueh fj stcfibmrme Xmfcjmbr Kst-_mst, was hme Mfeffuss hms Ibrfstmetujszmfom. \u hme K`lmdtme wmrhme lmtzt auib Dmttmebmjh,@rkezmsibacme, Omwm`mgraojmetm ueh `mrrmstm vketktme Gcfmome omeaeet. Ocazmja stfmbct accme hfm Ybkwjft smfemr Aussaom, hass jae ms omsibaggt bat, Gcfmome-auome zu gktkorafimrme.1>Acs Laap Vpmy fj Labrm 1629mfeme Wkrtrao `mr has Or`mrgmch bct, wfmhmrbkct hfm\mftueo hme cfome Xmxt vke 9> Labrme zuvkr gast _krtgr _krt.11Bbmpuedt hmr Augjmrdsajdmft hmr ^rmssmfe hme Efmhmrcaehme war zwmfgmccks hfm vkromeaeetm^kcyoke-Eaibrfibt. Aecsscfib hmr @mrfibtm fe hmr ^rmssmjmchme sfib fetmrmssfmrtm @msuibmr aus hme Efmhmrcae-hme ueh hmj Auscaeh mf hmr Ausoraùeo.

Fetmreatfkeacm YtaturHfm Ytmrestuehm hms auscehfsibme Fetmrmssms ae Pbm-

eme war mfe vkccmr Yprmah fe Xbm Fccustratmh CkehkeEmwsaj 16. Gm`ruar 16== uetmr hmj Xftmc Cfobt ke tbmHard Aoms kg Bkccaeh (A``. ?). Hmr Xmxt vke AeeaWkccoragg-Pkmst omsibrfm`me fst fccustrfmrt jft zabc-rmfibme Gktks vke K`lmdtme aus hmj Or`mrgmch< hmjOurt`msibcao aus Ora` 212, hmj Mfjmr jft @rkezm`m-sibcome aus Ora` ?79, hmr Baareahmc (Pb 9=7@), Gf`mce,^mrcme, Arjèhmre ueh hmj Pssmc`mibmr (hmr mrstmsmfemr Art fe hme Efmhmrcaehme) aus Ora` 819, jmbrmrmeruehme, Y-grjfome, Wkomc- ueh gmrhmfi`mce, Ypfee-wfrtmce, mfemr jadmccksme Ocassibacm aus Ora` 70, uehrmibts k`me mfemj Yturz`mibmr (Pb 929) zusajjme jft

mfemr hmr `mfhme Dmrajfd-Eaibabjueome havke (Pb?8>A). Auib fe Yibwarz-wmf wfrh hmj @mtraibtmr mfeMfehruid orkme Pmfibtujs vmrjfttmct .Hmr Artfdmc msibrmf`t uetmr aehmrmj, hass hmr @khmeaj Krt hmr Ausoraùeo ueoestfo gr hfm Dkesmrvfm-rueo vke Bkcz ueh Dekibme war. Hmswmome cfm`mevke hme Xktme ueh fbrme Bkczsrome eur sibwarzmGcmidme, wk hfm Pmstm hmr Ora``mfoa`me omguehme wur-hme. Caezmespftzme raotme gtmrs `mr hfm Yarospurmebfeaus, was haraug bfewmfst, hass Ypmmrm ueh Yibfchmkggmeàr aug hfm Yrom omcmot warme, wbrmeh aehmrm_aggme (Yibwmrtmr, xtm, Hkcibm, ^gmfcm) aug khmr em`mehme Cmfibeajme hmr grmfme Jeemr `mstattmt warme.Gredfsibm Graume cfm`tme Cuxus, was hmjkestrfmrt wfrhhurib hme _mrt, hme sfm aug hfm ortjocfibm Wfmcgacthmr ^mrcme fbrmr Dmttme cmotme. Hfm ^mrcme sfeh wkbc

?. A`sibeftt aus Xbm Fccustratmh Ckehke Emws, 16. Gm`ruar 16==, Y. 900-909. Yiae< Cmfhme, @f`cfktbmd EFEK (Haed Iarkcfme vae \kmst).

1> Hm Waccmf, 0=. Laeuar 16==.11 Hm Waccmf, ?. Gm`ruar 1629.


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1>


aus hmj Kstme, ms smf hmee stcfibm Bmrstmccmr bttmesfib fe _mstmurkpa aeomsfmhmct. Wkccoragg-Pkms mtkethfm Dkj`featfke vke rjfsibme Mcmjmetme wfm hfmGkrtsmtzueo hmr Ocas- ueh ^mrcmefehustrfm jft tmu-tkefsibme, wfm hfm gredfsibm Emfoueo zu Gf`mce jftmfeomcmotme rktme Oraeatme aug Okchgkcfm, hfm has Pktuj sk bmccmr cmuibtme csst. Hfm Oraeatm dkjjme ausFehfme, hfm Wkomcjktfvm sfeh Xmfc hmr Duest hmr Ytmppme.Hmr Artfdmc zmfot hme Ytaeh hmr Gkrsibueo fj Labr 16==,acs ekib hfm Ausstattueo hmr Xktme sibcmibtbfe acsXraibt hmr Cm`mehme aeomsmbme wurhm ueh hfm Fhmm hmrWcdmrwaehmrueo bmrrsibtm, sk hass K`lmdtme mfemMtbefzftt zuomsibrfm`me wurhm, hfm auib `mr hfm mtb-efsibm \uombrfodmft hmr @msftzmr mtwas msaotm. Auibhfm Fhmm hmr zmetracme rkhudtfkeskrtm jft aesibcfmme-

hmj Gmrebaehmc vke Gmrtfowarme `mr wmftm Ytrmidmewurhm vmrtrmtme, hmee Ypurme ckdacmr rkhudtfke [email protected] Ocas ueh Gf`mce warme zu lmemj \mftpuedt ekibefibt omguehme wkrhme. Acs wfm emu ueh spmzfmcc hasOr`mrgmch vke Pbmeme ueh smfem Guehm `mtraibtmtwurhme, wfrh auib dcar harae, hass becfibm Or`mr-gmchmr khmr meocfsibm araccmcme uemrwbet cmf`me. Ykmtwas wfm Pbmeme war fj Labr 16== mfegaib efibt m-daeet, wmhmr fe hme Efmhmrcaehme ekib, wfm ms sibmfet,aehmrswk, ueh sibke oar efibt fe hmr rmftme ggmet-cfibdmft, \fmcoruppm hmr rmfib fccustrfmrtme Ckehke Emws.10

]etmrwmos zu mfemj DatackoOcazmja wusstm auib, was mr fe hme Behme battm, uehuetmreabj skgkrt Yibrfttm zu mfemr Wmrggmetcfibueo.@mrmfts fj Luef 16=1 graotm mr `mfj Jfefstmrfm vaeKehmrwfls, Iuctuur me _mtmesibap TKI_, has efmhmr-cehfsibm DuctursjfefstmrfujZ eaib Jocfibdmftme hmrGfeaezfmrueo gr hfm û`cfdatfke. Fe hme mrstme smibsJkeatme hms Labrms 16=1 gaehme smbr ujgaeormfibmaribkckofsibm Ausoraùeome statt fe mfemj Om`fmtwmstcfib vke Pbmeme metcaeo hmj Wmrdmbrswmo. Msbaehmctm sfib uj mfe orkms gredfsibms Or`mrgmch,wfm ms `fsbmr fe hme Efmhmrcaehme efibt zutaom om-dkjjme fst. Hfm \abc hmr Guehm `mcugt sfib aug mtwa

2. ^cae hms Pbmememr Or`mrgmchms jft hme _aggmeor`mre wfm pu`cfzfmrt vke L. Vpmy (Vpmy, L., 16?9< Has gredfsibm Or`mrgmch zu

Pbmeme, ^rkv. ]trmibt, @mrfibtme PK@ 09, Y. 9>6). Yyj`kcm< A Caeosibwmrt, @ Yaxm, I Caezmespftzm, H Ypmmr, M ^gmfcspftzme, G @mfcm, O

Yibfchùidmc.

10 Xbm Fccustratmh Ckehke Emws, 16. Gm`ruar 16==, 900-909(Aribfv PIM).

19 Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme< Yibrmf me vke Ocazmja ae M.A. Dufpmrs, Jfef-stmrfm KD_, =. Luef 16=1.

1>>>. ]etmr hfmsme fiehme sfib fe hme Efmhmrcaehmemfezfoartfom dkstàrm Luwmcme, Okch ueh Yfc`mr skwfmmfem orkm Yajjcueo vke Dmrajfd, Ocas ueh _aggme.Ms fst hfm A`sfibt hfm Mromèfssm hfmsmr ]etmrsuibueosk àch wfm jocfib fe mfem û`cfdatfke augzuembjme.Mr msibrmf`t hfm `ma`sfibtfotm Xtfodmft acs hmsdrfptfvm,jft vfmcme \mfibeueome ueh Gktkorafime, ueh sibtztgr hfm Ausoa`m =>>>,- etfo zu ba`me.19Has Jfefs-tmrfuj vmrwmfst aug \_K Tqufvacmet hmr HmutsibmeGkrsibueosomjmfesibagtZ, hmj Ocazmja mfem Aegraomsibfidt fj Hmzmj`mr 16=1. Harfe saot mr, has Or`mrgmchsmf mtwa 1=> Jmtmr caeo ueh => Jmtmr `rmft, ms ujgassmjmbr acs 1>>> @mstattueome ueh rueh 1=>> K`lmdtm.Gast tocfib wfrh omar`mftmt ae hmr Fevmetarfsfmrueohfmsmr Guehm. _fr ba`me vkr sk sibemcc wfm jocfibmfem ujgassmehm hkdujmetfmrmehm Wmrggmetcfibueo

huribzugbrme, wmfc vmrbfehmrt wmrhme skcc, hass hfmMromèfssm aus hfmsmr gr hfm Efmhmrcaehm smbr wfibtf-ome Ausoraùeo aug hfm caeom @aed omsibk`me wmrhme.Hmr Eatfkeacvmrcao vmraesibcaotm hfm Ausoa`m lmtzt aug

1>.>>>,- gr mfe @uib vke 1>> Ymftme jft wmefo Xmxtueh smbr vfmcme \mfibeueome ueh @fchmre, hmee hmr_mrt hfmsmr û`cfdatfke cfmot vkr accmj fe mfemr jfeuzf-sme, mxadtme @msibrmfùeo ueh A``fchueo hmr Guehm.Ocazmja sibtzt, hass has @uib 16=8 omhruidt wmrhmedaee, ueh jibtm fj Labr 16=9 eaib ueh eaib sibkeDcfsibmms jaibme cassme.18Kggmeàr haumrt hfm Ar`mft

lmhkib ceomr< Mehm Auoust 16=8 csst Ocazmja \_K

wfssme, hfm Ar`mft smf vmrtmfct uetmr I._. @raat (Eatfkeac-jusmuj gr Actmrtjmr (PJK), Cmfhme), Aeea Wkccoragg-Pkms (PK@) ueh Icasfea Fsfeos (]efvmrsftt ]trmibt)4mfe \mfibemr msibgtfom sfib sibke zwmf Labrm jftPbmeme, mr wmrhm mrst fj Ymptmj`mr 16== gmrtfo smfe.Ocazmja sibcot vkr, hme \usibussaetrao auib aug hmeBmr`st 16== zu vmrsibfm`me.1=Fe smfemr Mfegbrueo fehmj dcmfeme Datacko Duest ueh Yibebmft aus hmj gr-bme Jfttmcactmrvke 16== ueh hmj eabmzu fhmetfsibmeJmrkwfeofsibms Baehwmrd aus hmj Labr 16=7 sibrmf`tOcazmja, hass hfm Wmrggmetcfibueo vke Pbmeme omwfekib mfe paar Labrm wartme juss ueh Wmrggmetcfibue-ome hmr Or`mrgmchmr vke Jaastrfibt ueh Pbmeme sfibmr

18 Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme< Yibrmf`me vke Ocazmja ae @urefmr, 16. Hmzmj-`mr 16=1.

1= Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme< Yibrmf me vke Ocazmja ae \_K, 07. Auoust16=8.


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M F E C M F X ] E O

feemrbac` hmr eibstme zwmf Labrm efibt mrsibmfeme

wmrhme.17Mehm hms Augtrftts hmr ompcaetme Wmrggmetcf-ibueo (A``. 2).

Dkesmrvfmrueo ueh PmstaurfmrueoAcs has Or`mrgmch fe Pbmeme omguehme wfrh, bat jaefe hme Efmhmrcaehme dauj Mrgabrueome omsajjmctjft hmr Mrgkrsibueo orkmr Jmeome vke Guehme uehhmr _fmhmrbmrstmccueo skcibmr Jatmrfacfme. Aecsscfibhmr Guehm rfibtmt eue hfm PK@ fbr mrstms Ca`kratkrfujmfe, fe Ajmrsgkkrt, jft mfemj mfomeme Petomeomrt.Hkrt ar`mftme mfe \mfibemr, hmr fe hme _krtme vkeIcasfea Fsfeos has Yibfjpgme cmretm vke hme ^mrcme

vke Pbmeme, ueh mfem Pmfbm vke Gkrsibmre ae hmrWmrar`mftueo hmr Guehm. Gr mfefom K`lmdtm wfrh Bfcgmvke aume omsuibt. Fj Gm`ruar 16=1 smehmt Ocazmjamfem Yibmr`m aus hmj Or`mrgmch ae M. Emuggmr fe @keeueh fttmt uj Aussaome `mr hfm Bmrduegt. Hfm Jezmeaus hmj Or`mrgmch wmrhme zuj Dkefedcfld Da`femtvae Juetme, ^meefeome me Omsemhme Ytmeme fj Baaoomsibfidt pmr Mfesibrmf`me ueh mstfjjt vke

A. \ahkds - Lksmpbus Lftta, hfm mfe paar Xaom sptmrfbrm Mromèfssm sibrfgtcfib Ocazmja `mrfibtmt.1?Yibcfmcfib wmrhme, sibke fj Jaf 16=1, hfm Om`mfemhmr ^gmrhm aus hmj Or`mrgmch acs mfe Omsibmedaes Eatfkeacjusmuj gr Omkckofm ueh Jfemra-ckofm fe Cmfhme omsibfidt, wk accm 18 ^ gmrhm fj@mstaehsvmrzmfibefs mfeomtraome sfeh.12Kggmeàrsab jae hajacs dmfeme aribkckofsibme _mrt fe hme

^gmrhmsdmcmttme.

17 Ocazmja . ueh L. Vpmy, 16==< Duest me sibkkebmfh uft hm vrkmomJfhhmcmmuwme4 hm Jmrkvfeofsibm oragvmchme vae Acpbme, Pbmememe Jaastrfibt, Ajmrsgkkr t4 Ocazmja . ueh L. Vpmy, 16=7, Jmrkvfe-

ofsibm ajàibtsduest, @aare.1? Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme< Ymehueo Okchjezm 08. Jaf 16=14 Aetwkrt

\ahkds ae Ocazmja 02. Jaf 16=14 Ymehueo \mbezabc Jezme 1=.Jaf 16=04 Aetwkrt 02. Jaf 16=04 Ymehueo Jezme 17. Jrz 16=64Aetwkrt 09. Jrz 16=6.

12 Eaturacfs, @mstaehsvmrzmfibefs 02>?8-02>264 Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme?6 ueh02>22 wfmhmr augomguehme. Hfmsm dkrrmspkehfmrme jft hme Or-`mre 871 ueh =>7 (wkvke ms ekib \mttmc fe hme Dartkes of`t), a`mrfe hme Dartkes sibmfet mfem Yajjcueo vke ^gmrhmdekibme hmpk-efmrt zu smfe4 vfmccmfibt wurhme hfm mstme Dekibme ausomsuibtueh has `rfom wmoomwkrgme (Autkpsfm hurib Lmssfia Orfjj,Eaturacfs Cmfhme, Lucf 0>11).

6. Bkczmfjmr jft \fmr`msibcao fe sftu fe Ora` ?79.

^bktk< Aribfv PIM.

1>. Hmrsmc`m Bkczmfjmr (Pb ?79G) eaib hmr Pmstaurfmrueo fe hme

Gegzfomr Labrme. ^bktk< Aribfv PIM.

11. Yibeaccm (Pb ?66G) vkr ueh eaib Pmstaurfmrueo fe hmr _mrd-

statt Dmjpdmes, 0>>>. ^bktk< Dmjpdmes & Ik, Bamcme.

10. @msuibmr aj Paehm hmr Oraùeosffibm wbrmeh hms Ausffu-

oms zu hme Ausora ueome fe Pbmeme aj 11. Jaf 16=1.

^bktk< Aribfv PIM.


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Mfem ue`mdaeetm \abc vke Guehme sibfidt jae fesEatfkeacjusmuj gr Actmr tjmr (PJK) fe Cmfhme, jfthmr A`sfibt, sfm rmstaurfmrme zu cassme. Bfmr`mf sfehsfibmrcfib mfem Dmr`sibeftt-Cmhmrsibeaccm, hmrme Cmhmrtmfcwmfsm ekib fetadt fst(Pb 212M), mfem @rkezm-Yibacme(Pb ?79Oa) ueh zwmf Mfjmr jft @rkezm`msibcao (Pb?79G A``. 6-1> ueh ??=Y).16Aj 11. Lucf 16=0 gbrtAc`mrt Graeim-Caekrh haee vfmrzmbe K`lmdtm fe smfemjAutkjk`fc eaib Eaeiy, zur @mbaehcueo fe smfemj Ju-

sm Ckrrafe, hfm mfezfom Festftutfke fe _mstmurkpa, hfmzuvmrcssfo Jmrkwfeomr-Mfsme dkesmrvfmrme daee. Hfm`mbaehmctme Omomestehm wmrhme sptmr jft hmj \uozuridomsibfidt ueh dkjjme aj 0. Gm`ruar 16=9 aughas \kccajt hmr Efmhmrcehfsibme Mfsmeàbe. Aesibmf-emeh gaeh hfm Graezsfsibm Dkesmrvfmrueo Omgaccme feAjmrsgkkrt, hmee aj 1>. Luef 16=9 rmfst Lajms ^fibmttmacs Durfmr jft hrmf K`lmdtme eaib Eaeiy jft hmj \uo.0>Fj Labr 16=9 wfrh aesibmfemeh hmrsmc`m @msibcao augCmhmr (aus Ora` 212) `mbaehmct vke C. @rkj fe ]trmibt,mfe mjfemet quacffizfmrtmr Okchsibjfmh, hmr haraugbfewmfst, hass zur @mbaehcueo has Jmtacc vkj Cmhmr om-

cst wmrhme skcc ueh hass mr accms eaib hmr @mbaehcueodkesmrvfmrme wfrh, h.b. a`hmidme, wabrsibmfecfib jft^WI.01Laap Vpmy smc`mr bat `fs zu smfemr ^mesfkefmrueofj Labr 1621 omar`mftmt ae hmr Mrbactueo ueh Pmstau-rfmrueo vke K`lmdtme aus Pbmeme4 ms war efibt `cfibhfmsms fj Hmtafc zu hkdujmetfmrme. Mehm hmr 6>mr Labrm`mrefjjt has Eatfkeacjusmuj gr Actmrtjmr (PJK)

hfm Mrbactueo ueh Pmstaurfmrueo hmr Jmtaccguehm vkePbmeme acs Xmfc hms Hmcta-^caems hms Jfefstmrfujs gr@fchueo, Ductur ueh _fssmesibagt. Fj \mftrauj 1666-0>>1 sfeh jfehmstmes => Omomestehm aus Mfsme huribhfm Pmstaurfmrueoswmrdstatt Lk Dmjpdmes fe Bamcmermstaurfmrt wkrhme. @mrfibtm zmfome bufio, wfm mfeormf-gmeh hfm @mbaehcueo war, ueh wfm ork hfm ]etmrsibfm-

hm zwfsibme hme rkstfome @rkidme vkr ueh hme wfmemu-K`lmdtme haeaib smfe deeme (A``. 11).00Accm Pms-taurfmrueome fj Caugm hmr Labrm ba`me orkme Mfeffussaug uesmrm Yfibt hmr Quacftt hmr Guehm aus Pbmeme.

Hmr ggmetcfibdmft omzmfotAj 11. Jaf 16=1, omome Mehm hmr Dajpaoem, vmraestac-tmt hmr PK@ mfeme Ausffuo zu hme Ausoraùeome. Has^rkorajj gr hme Ausffuo zuj gredfsibme Or`mrgmchfe Pbmeme vmrsprfibt aj Jkrome fj Bausm hms PK@hrmf Wkrtrom. L. Bufzfeoa, Duratkr hms aeatkjfsibmeCa`kratkrfujs hmr ]efvmrsftt vke ]trmibt, sprfibt`mr Hfm Mrgkrsibueo hmr Cmfibme`rehm, _.I. @raat,Duratkr hms Eatfkeacjusmuj gr Actmrtjmr (PJK) ,`mr gredfsibm Or`mrgmchmr fe hme Efmhmrcaehme uehP. Caur-@mcart, ^rkgmsskr fe @asmc, `mr sptrjfsibmueh jmrkwfeofsibm Or`mrgmchmr fe hmr Ebm vke @asmc.Haee of`t ms mfe Jfttaomssme jft mfomemj @rkt fjJarfmebkg, hmj Baus hms PK@, haee gbrt jae jfthmj Cfefmeùs fe Pfibtueo Pbmeme mfem Pidgabrtdkstmtm hajacs 1,2> wk jae hfm Ausoraùeo `msu-ibme ueh hme Okchsibjuid, hmr 1699 `mf Pbmeme om-guehme wurhm, aesmbme wfrh. Jae bat `rmft mfeomcahme Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme< @mocmftsibrmf`me jft \kccajtssfmomce vkeOcazmja ae Graeim-Caekrh, 11. Lucf 16=04 Jfttmfcueo hmr Wmrzkccueozwmfmr Dfstme aus Eaeiy aj 0. Gm`ruar 16=9, \kccajt hmr Efmhmr-cehfsibme @uehmsàbe, 9. Gm`ruar4 Yibrmf`me vke Ocazmja aehas \kccajt `mr hme Xraespkrt eaib Eaeiy, 91. Jaf 16=94 @mocmft-sibrmf`me vke Ocazmja gr fibmttm, 1>. Luef 16=9.

19. Bmrr _.I. @raat hms PJK (Cfeds) ueh P. Caur-@mcart (oaez

Pmibts) smbme sfib wbrmeh hms Ausffuoms eaib Pbmeme aj 11.

Jaf 16=1 mfe emu methmidtms Ora` ae. ^bktk< Aribfv PIM.

01 Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme< Jmjkraehuj Vpmy `mzocfib smfems @msu-ibms `mf @rkj, 01. Ymptmj`mr 16=9. _brmeh Gkrsibueome jft hmrAOCAM fj Imetrm hm Pibmribms hms Jusms hm Graeim fj Ckuvrmfj Luef 0>11 wurhm tatsibcfib ae accme hkrt uetmrsuibtme Gf`mcejft Oraeatmfecaom aus Pbmeme mfem heem Yibfibt jft vfmc Ibckr(Ic) wabromekjjme, hfm sfib eur sibwmr metgmreme cfm.

00 Aribfv PJK-Pmstaurfmrueo, @mrfibtm Dmjpdmes & Ik. 0>>>-0>>04Aribfv Autkrfe4 aidzmttmc ae Dmjpdmes 1666 - 0>>1.

09 Aribfmg PIM-Pbmeme, smparatmr ]jsibcao Ausffuo 11. Jaf< Mfeca-hueo, rkorajj, Wkrtrao Bufzfeoa, Aejmchueome (jmfstmes pmr^kstdartm) ueh vmrsibfmhmem Cfstme vke Xmfcembjmre.

08 Ytahtaribfv Pbmeme, Yajjcueo @kvmesibme, 16=1.


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Pbmeme, a`mr waruj daee jae sfm efibt fe hmr Pmofkezmfome; Casst hfm Guehm bmfjdmbrme, sibrmfme hfmArtfdmc.Ms wfrh a`mr ekib haumre `fs zuj 1>. Jaf 16=0, acs fehmj jfttcmrwmfcm wrhfomr omstactmtme Ausstmccueos-rauj hms Bmfjatjusmujs vke Pbmeme mfem Aus-stmccueo hmr gredfsibme Guehm vke Ocazmja mrggemtwfrh. Has Auom hms Lkureacfstme gcct aug hfm sibemeOcassibcibme, acs k` hfrmdt aus Cmmrhaj bmrombkct. FjAuoust 16=0 mjpgeot has Jusmuj hme 1=>>stme @m-suibmr hmr Ausstmccueo. @mrmfts aj 18. Ymptmj`mr 16=0sibrmf`t Ocazmja hmj Hfrmdtkr hms Jusmujs, @ur,hass Guehm, hfm Yfm hmrzmft ausomstmcct ba`me, fe hmr

_kibm hms 02. Ymptmj`mr a`ombkct wmrhme4 mr wfmhmr-bkct smfem @fttm, hkib lmtzt hmj @romrjmfstmr vke Pbm-eme, aj 6. Kdtk`mr 16=0. Haee wfcc mr aj 19. Kdtk`mr hfmGuehm aus hmj Bmfjatjusmuj zuridbkcme jft @cfidaug mfem Dkegmrmez aj 1=. Kdtk`mr, tmfcwmfsm gr hfmwmftmrm @mar`mftueo ueh fj Bfe`cfid aug hfm @mmfeffus-sueo hmr Omomestehm hmj gmuibtme _mttmr zu Gkcom.Aj 19. Ekvmj`mr jmchmt mr sfib ekibjacs jft hmrA`sfibt, hfm Mxpkeatm aj 12. Ekvmj`mr zu bkcme, uehtatsibcfib mrfibtmt hfm ckdacm \mftueo fj Ekvmj`mr,hass hfm Guehm `mgrhmrt wurhme zuj PK@. Hfm A`sfibtwar, hass sfm eur vkr`mrombmeh hkrt smfe skcctme. Mrst

eaib hmr \ukrheueo hms Guehdkjpcmxms vke Pbmemezuj Eatfkeacjusmuj gr Actmrtjmr (PJK) fj Labr1621 wurhm wfmhmr mfem dcmfem Auswabc fe hfm Haumraus-stmccueo hms Jusmuj Pkehmmc augomekjjme.Fj Labr 16=9 `fchme hfm Guehm has Ocaezstid hmr Aus-stmccueo Hfm Ombmfjefssm hms Mrh`khmes fj Baao, hfmhfm @mhmutueo hmr Aribkckofm zuj Xbmja bat. Jaewbct has Jatmrfac aus hmj gredfsibme Or`mrgmch vke

Pbmeme, wmfc hfmsm Mrom`efssm ues vke hmr gredfsibmeDuctur fe uesmrmj Caeh mfem vccfo emum Wkrstmccueoom`me ueh Mfe`cfid vmrcmfbme fe mfeme sibwmr zuoeo-cfibme \mftrauj vkj Mehm hmr dcassfsibme Aetfdm uehhmj @mofee hms Jfttmcactmrs. Orkm Augjmrdsajdmftofct hme @rkezme, hfm aug vkrzocfibm _mfsm rmstaurfmrtwkrhme sfeh.0=Haee of`t ms ekib stardm Eaibgraomeaib hme Aetfqufttme vke Pbmeme acs @mfspfmcm aushmj grbme Jfttmcactmr. Mehm 16=? sfmbt jae sfm fjPmfibsjusmuj fe hmr Wfitkr hm Ytumrs omwfhjmtmeAusstmccueo, fj Hmzmj`mr 16=2 wmrhme sfm fj Yaibsme-syjpksfuj omzmfot ueh fj 16=6/167> fe hmr AusstmccfeoWae Grfmzme Graedme Yadsme 9=>-?=>.07Fj Labr 167>

csst Ocazmja sfib mrwmfibme ueh of`t @ur hfm Omcm-omebmft, zuj =>. Labrmstao hms Pbmememr Bmfjatju-smujs vkr Krt ekib mfefom K`lmdtm zu zmfome, k`wkbcfib fj ^rfezfp haomome `fe, hass ekib ceomr jft hmeGuehme aus hmj Or`mrgmch vke Pbmeme vmrrmfst wfrh.Xrktzhmj cfmome wmcibm z.@. fe mfemr Ausstmccueo fj Labr167= aug hmr Fesmc Xmxmc. Auib eaib fbrmr \ukrheueozuj Eatfkeacjusmuj gr Actmrtjmr (PJK) fj Labr1621 `cmf`me hfm K`lmdtm omgraot. Hfm jmfstme Grae-dmeausstmccueome zmfome mfefom Ora`fevmetarm ueh mfezusajjmeomstmcctms Jeemr- ueh Graumeora` fst Xmfcvke _fccf`rkrh ueh hmr @mofee hmr Efmhmrcaehm fj Labr

166=,0?

vke Xbm Cfgmstycm kg tbm Mcftm fj 166?02

ueh hmr_aehmrausstmccueo Defom hmr Ekrhsmm fe hme Labrme0>>>-0>>0.06Auib fj Eatfkeacjusmuj gr Actmrtjmr(PJK) smc`mr wurhm zujfehmst smft hmr Mrggeueo hmrA`tmfcueo gr Aribkckofm hmr Efmhmrcaehm fj Labr1669 fjjmr mfem outm Auswabc aus hmj Guehdkjpcmxharom`ktme, fs zuj \mftpuedt hmr Mrstmccueo hfmsmrMfegbrueo (A``. 18).

18. Buehmrtm Guehm hms Pbmememr Or`mrgmchms fe hmr

emum Haumrausstmccueo Aribkckofm hmr Efmhmrcaehm fj

Eatfkeacjusmuj gr Actmrtjmr (PJK) Cmfhme, 0>11.

^bktk< PJK/A. _fccmjsme.

0= Mcsmvfmrs _mmd`cah, 12. Aprfc 16=9 (Haed Jaartme Baomjmflmr, Hkiu-jmetatfm Mcsmvfmr).

07 Cmmuwarhme, Grfms Jusmuj/s-Oravmebaom, Baaos Omjmmetmju-smuj, Datacko< @raat, _.I. ueh _. Ocas mrome (brso.) 16=6< WaeGrfmzme Graedme Yadsme 9=>-?=>, s-Oravmebaom, Guehm aus Pbmemefe Datackomfetrom 16, 09, 9?, 8=, ==, =7, 7>, 71, 70, 7=, ?>, 1>8, 190ueh 199.

0? ]trmibt, Jusmuj Bmt Iatbarflemikevmet, Datacko< Wcfmrhme, J.vae, 166=< _fccf`rkrh me bmt `mofe vae Emhmrcaeh, ]trmibt, Guehmaus Pbmeme aug Y. 78-7?.

02 Cmfhme, Pfldsjusmuj Bmt Dkefedcfld ^meefeoda`femt, 166?, Datacko>-6>>, Ckehke, Guehm aus Pbmeme aug Y. 127-16>.

06 Cmmuwarhme, Grfms Jusmuj4 Efjwmome, Jusmuj Bmt Wacdbkg4Busuj, Ekrhgrfmsfsibms Jusmuj Efssmebaus4 Ytavaeomr, Ardm-kckofsd Jusmuj4 Emwiastcm, Xyem aeh _mar Jusmuj4 Ms`lmro,Ms`lmro Jusmuj4 Datacko< Drajmr M. Tbrso.Z, 0>>> < Defom hmrEkrhsmm, 0=> `fs 2=> e.Ibr., Cmmuwarhme.


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@mstfjjueoskrt hms GuehmsGast uejfttmcàr eaib hmr Ausoraùeo stmcct sfib sibkehfm Graom hmr \utmfcueo hmr Guehm. Fj Labr 16=0 rmaofmrtOcazmja aug Aegraome skwkbc aus hmr Omjmfehm Pbm-eme ueh hmr ^rkvfez ]trmibt, hfm Guehm zu mrwmr`me. Mrcsst hme Jfefstmr wfssme, hfm A`trmtueosgraom smf efibthrfeomeh. Hfm @mar`mftueo hms Dkjpcmxms wfrh sfibmr-

cfib mfefom Labrm haumre. Ha hmr @khme Ytaatsmfometujfst ueh hfm Ausoraùeo jft Ytaatsomchmre vkromekj-jme wurhm, cfmot hfm Metsibmfhueo `mfj Jfefstmr,a`mr wmome hmr Aetrom hmr Omjmfehm Pbmeme uehhmr rkvfezfac ]trmibtmr Omsmccsibagt gr Destm ueh_fssmesibagtme, hfm oaez khmr tmfcwmfsm hfm omsaj-jmctme Guehm `mrembjme wkccme, sibcot Ocazmjavkr hfm Yaibm fj Labr 16=9 hmj Eatfkeacdkjftmm grhfm Aribkckofm zur rgueo vkrzucmome.9>Hfms sibmfetmrst fs 16=8 omsibmbme zu smfe4 fe hmr \wfsibmezmftwurhm vke accme Ymftme omwkr`me. Fj Aprfc 16=9 sibrmf`thmr Jfefstmr ae hme Hfrmdtkr hms Bmfjatjusmujs fePbmeme, @ur, hass mfem Metsibmfhueo eur omtrkggmewfrh, gaccs hfm @msibrmfùeo hmr @mguehm mrcmhfot fst. Mr`mrfibtmt, hass gmstomstmcct wkrhme fst, hass hfm K`lmdtmvke aumromwbecfibmj wfssmesibagtcfibme Fetmrmssmzu omom`memr \mft fj Eatfkeacjusmuj gr Actmrt-jmr (PJK) fe Cmfhme zu smbme smfe wmrhme, a`mr hfmYajjcueo fst sk ork, hass ms fbj efibt prk`cmjatfsibvkrdkjjm mfeme rmprsmetatfvme Xmfc hms Harcmbmes fePbmeme zu zmfome.91Fj Hmzmj`mr 16=9 suibt haee hmrJusmujsaussibuss hmr ^rkvfez ]trmibt `mf Ocazmjahagr ]etmrsttzueo, hass Methmidueome wfm hfm vkePbmeme hmr rkvfezfacme ]trmibtmr Omsmccsibagt (^]O)zugaccme ueh efibt mfemr aribkckofsibme Yajjcueo

aumrbac` hmr rkvfez omwbrt wmrhme, ueh jae bkggtaug \ustfjjueo hmr [email protected]

Aj 9. Jrz 16=8 mrfibtmt has Eatfkeacdkjftmm gr hfmAribkckofm uedcar, k` ueh waee ms kgfizfmcc zusaj-jmetrat hass hfm Guehm vke Pbmeme efibt zuomkrhemtwmrhme deeme, mvkr hfm Wmrggmetcfibueo mrsibfmemefst, ueh `mtketm, ha ms jmbrmrm Daehfhatme oa`, hassms efibt jocfib smfe wfrh Guehm hfm mfemj Ora` zuom-brtme zu trmeeme.99Hfm \ukrheueo wfrh haee zwaezfoLabrm sptmr stattfiehme, fj Labr 1621. Haee wmfst hmrJfefstmr hme omsajtme Dkjpcmx Pbmeme, mfesibcfmcfibaccmr ]etmrcaome, hmj Eatfkeacjusmuj fe Cmfhme zu

wmome smfemr (fetmr)eatfkeacme @mhmutueo. Wfmccmfibtbttm hmr Hfmest cfm`mr accms fs zuj A`sibcuss hmrWmrggmetcfibueo mbactme, a`mr lmhmegaccs stmbt aj 91.Hmzmj`mr 1621 accms mfeompaidt zur Wmrcahueo PfibtueoCmfhme.98

Pbmeme mcm`tHaeaib `cfm` ms ruehuj Pbmeme mfem _mfcm stfcc. LaapVpmy ar`mftmtm fs zu smfemj pctzcfibme Xkh 1627ae hmj Or`mrgmch. \u smfemr Bfetmrcassmesibagtombrtm mfe mtwa zu hrmf Wfmrtmce gmrtfoomstmcctms

hmutsibspraibfoms Datackojaeusdrfpt.9=166> `moaeeLks @azmcjaes ae mfemr ue`mskchmtme rkjktfke`mr Pbmeme, hfm mr lmhkib mrmfts eaib mfemr _kibmzuouestme mfemr `mzabctme Aestmccueo acs E_K-]etmrsuibmr (Hkdtkraeh) feemrbac` hms fkefmr-^rklmdtsJaibt ueh Mcftm augoa`. Aug Feftfatfvm hms grbmrmeHfrmdtkrs hms Ytaatcfibme Ajts gr @khmehmedjacpffm-

om (PK@), _.A. vae Ms, vmrcfmb hfm ]trmibtmr Lurrfaaesm-Ytfgtueo Aeemttm _aoemr mfe hrmflbrfoms Ytfpmehfujzur rkjktfke `mr has Pbmememr Or`mrgmch (^rkjktkr^rkg. Hr. _.A. vae Ms). Eaib fbrmr Aestmccueo Mehm 1669wurhm mfe Orktmfc hmr Guehm zur wmftmrme Auswmrtueovkr`mrombmeh wfmhmr eaib Ajmrsgkkrt om`raibt. Ha-`mf zmfotm sfib, ha, metomome hmr mrstme Mfesibtzueo,orkm Xmfcm hms Datackos wfm auib hmr Or`mrgmchpcaermvfhfmrt wmrhme jutme. \u hfmsmj \wmid eabj_aoemr Mehm Laeuar 166=, uetmr hmr kgfizfmccme Cmftueovke Wae Ms, mfem Dketrkccoraùeo aug hmj Omcehmhms Or`mrgmchms vkr. Eaib mfemr draedbmfts`mhfeotme]etmr`rmibueo hmr Ar`mftme skwfm hmj Pidzuo hmrbfmrhurib vmr`cfm`meme Ytfpmehfmeomchmr ar`mftmt _ao-emr fe fbrmr Grmfzmft ae fbrmr Hfssmrtatfke.

Fj Labr 0>>6 startmt has efmhmrcehfsibm Ductursjfefs-tmrfuj (Jfefstmrfm vae KI_) has \usibussprkorajjKhyssmm, fe hmj wfibtfom aribkckofsibm ]etmrsuibue-ome aus hmj \mftrauj 16>>-0>>> ekib aòmsibckssmewmrhme deeme. Pbmeme sibmfet mfe pmrgmdtmr Gacc. FjLabr 0>1> maetraot Aeemjarfmdm _fccmjsme, smft 1666Duratkr Jfttmcactmr hms Eatfkeacjusmuj gr Actmrt-jmr (PJK), fe hmr cmtztme Khyssmm-Puehm has ^rklmdtPmvfvfeo Pbmeme jft hmj \fmc hmr Wmrggmetcfibueo hms

omsajtme Datackos aj Mehm hms Labrms 0>11, smibzfoLabrm eaib hmr Ausoraùeo. Has ^rklmdt wfrh omtraomevke Lks @azmcjaes vkj Eatfkeacme Ducturmccme Mr`m PIM(fe hmr Pmomc vke Lae vae Hkmsùro wabromekjjme),Femdm Lkkstme vkj Festftut Yajjcueo Efmhmrcaehm(FIE, smft 0>11 Xmfc hms PIM), @mrt Bufsdms, Duratkr hmsOmjmmetmjusmuj Bmt Pkehmmc fe Pbmeme ueh Aeemt-tm _aoemr, AribmkJmhfa @W ueh ^rktkdkccgbrmrfe _fc-cmjsme. Hmr Wkrsibcao wfrh fj Lucf 0>1> aeomekjjmeueh has ^rklmdt cugt vkj 1. Ekvmj`mr 0>1> `fs zuj1. Ekvmj`mr 0>11. Hfmsm û`cfdatfke fst has wfibtfostmMromèfs, a`mr has ^rklmdt `raibtm aumrhmj hfm hfof-

tacm Ypmfibmrueo vke Hatme aus Pbmeme, mfeme emume,huribsuibàrme hfoftacme Accm-@mguehm-^cae, ueh mfemAusstmccueo fe Pbmeme jft mfemj @mocmftbmgt gr hfmfetmrmssfmrtm ggmetcfibdmft. ]evkrbmromsmbme war eur,hass wbrmeh hfmsms ^rklmdtms accm @mguehm ueh Guehmeaib smibzfo Labrme wfmhmr ae mfemj pbysfsibme uehhfoftacme Xrmggpuedt zusajjmegaehme.

9> Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme< Yibrmf`me vke Ocazmja aj Jfefstmr vke KD_,8. Hmzmj`mr 16=0.

91 Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme< Yibrmf me vkj Jfefstmrfuj ae Ocazmja, 0.Gm`ruar 16=9.

90 Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme< Yibrmf`me vkj Jusmujaussibuss ]trmibt aeOcazmja, 01. Hmzmj`mr 16=9.

99 Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme< Yibrmf`me hms Eatfkeacdkjftmms gr hfm Ar-ibkckofm ae Ocazmja, 9. Jrz 16=8.

98 Aribfv PIM-Pbmeme.9= \ur û`cfdatfke fe hmutsibmr Ypraibm voc. hfm Mfecmftueo fe hme

Datacko (Y. 86).


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M F E C M F X ] E O

Xmxtfcfme

Buehmrtm dcmfemr Ytkggrmstm sfeh fj Or`mrgmch vkePbmeme omguehme. Mfe Ykehmrgacc, hmee Dcmfhueo zmrgcctfe hmr Pmomc rasib fj @khme. Hmr Ytkgg fst aj Yibeac-cme, Gf`mce, _aggme ueh _mrdzmuome mrbactme< hasJmtacc hfmsmr K`lmdtm mrbfmct has graofcm, kroaefsibm

Jatmrfac. _mfc wfr hfm Caom hfmsmr K`lmdtm fj Ora` dme-eme, deeme wfr zuridvmrgkcome, wmcibm Xmxtfcfme sfibae wmcibmj Krt fj Ora` `mgaehme. Aug hfmsm _mf-sm deeme wfr rmdkestrufmrme, fe wmcibm Dcmfhueo hmrCmfibeaj mstattmt wurhme, khmr k` aehmrm Xmxtfcfmefj Ora` meutzt wurhme, wfm Dfssme, Jatratzme, _fidmcuj Omomestehm khmr _fehmce hms Cmfibeajs. HfmOmwm`mtmfcm sfeh fe hmr Pmomc efibt ork< vke Mfefomesfeh eur mfe paar Gasmre khmr mfe dcmfems Graojmet mr-bactme. Kgt fst hfms a`mr ausrmfibmeh, uj gmstzustmccme,wmcibm Art vke Ytkgg `meutzt wurhm. Hrs. Ibrystmc @rae-hmeùrob bat fj Pabjme fbrmr Hkdtkrar`mft hfm Xmx-tfcrmstm vke Pbmeme uetmrsuibt ueh hmr PIM bat rk`meomekjjme z.@. zur Aeacysm hmr Gar`stkggm ueh Gar`me.Fj grbme Jfttmcactmr wurhm Dcmfhueo bmromstmcct austfmrfsibme Gasmre wfm _kccm, a`mr auib aus pffaezcf-ibme Gasmre wfm Gcaibs. @mfhm sfeh aug hmj Or`mrgmchvke Pbmeme vmrtrmtme. Hfmsm Gasmre wurhme zumrst zuGhme omspkeeme ueh haee omwk`me fe orkm Ytidm.Ms of`t vmrsibfmhmem _m`mtmibefdme, wkhurib has Om-wm`m smbr vmrsibfmhme aussmbme daee. Fe hme jmfstmeGccm fe Pbmeme baehmctm ms sfib uj Cmfe`fehueo uehDpmr`fehueo. Hfm jmfstme Gasmre ba`me lmtzt mfe rau-ems `fs sibwarzms Aussmbme ueh mfefom sfeh wmomeDupgmrdkrrksfke ore omwkrhme. A`mr wfr wfssme, hass

fe vfmcme Gccme hfm Xmxtfcfme uet omgr`t warme. Ms sfeh^rk`me aug mfemr Pmfbm vke Gasmre ueh Omwm`m omekj-jme ueh `mf Garàeacysme vke hr. Jaartme vae @kjjmc(PIM) sfeh omc`m ueh kraeomrktm Gar`stkggm omguehme.

17< Pmffmdtfmrtms

Mcmdtrkeme`fch hms

tmxtfcgraojmets

aus Ora` ??=. Hfm

Wmrsibjutzueo ueh

@rmibueo hmr Gasmre

fst out zu smbme.

Wmrorssmrueo 0>>x.^bktk< PIM/F. Lkkstme.

Xmxt< Ibrystmc @raehmeùrob,

Femdm Lkkstme ueh Aeemjarfmdm

_fccmjsme.

1=< Jfdrksdkpaugeabjm hms Xmxtfcgraojmets aus

Ora` 202. Wmrorssmrueo 9?x. ^bktk< PIM/F. Lkkstme.


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^gmrhmor`mr

]ejfttmcàr eaib hmr Ausoraùeo, aj 0. Luef 16=1, sfehhfm 18 ^gmrhmsdmcmttm vkj Or`mrgmch Pbmeme vmrsibfidtacs Oa`m ae has Eatfkeac Jusmuj gr Omkckofm uehJfemrackofm fe Cmfhme, sptmr Eaturacfs. Hkrt wmrhmesfm fj @mstaehvmrzmfibefs rmofstrfmrt uetmr 02>?8-02>26

acs Mquus Iaàccus. Fj Labr 0>11 sfeh fj Hmpkt fe hmrXat zwmf Dfstme gmrhmdekibme aus hmj Or`mrgmchvke Pbmeme omguehme, hfm uetmrsuibt wurhme hurib hmrAribkzkkckofe Hr. Lmssfia Orfjj.

Hfm Dartkes metbactme Pmstm vke jfehmstmesvfmr gmrhmsdmcmttm zusajjme jft Dekibmejatmrfacaehmrmr gmrhm. Accms hmutmt haraug bfe, hass ms has^gmrh aus Ora` 871 fj hmj mfeme Dartke, has Mxmjp-car aus Ora` =>7 fe hmj aehmrme fst. @mfhm Mxmjpcarmsfeh mrwaibsmem gmrhm jft mfemr _fhmrrfstbbmvke deapp uetmr hmj mfems jkhmreme keys. Mfems hmr^gmrhm war sfibmrcfib fe hmr @ctm smfems Cm`mes (gegkhmr smibs Labrm) acs ms star` ueh eaib hmr Aèut-zueo hmr \bem zu urtmfcme, omwbet mfem Xrmezmuozu traome. Has Xkhmsactmr deetm haraug bfehmutme,hass hfmsms gmrh omttmt wurhm uj vfmccmfibt zusaj-jme jft smfemj Pmftmr `mstattmt zu wmrhme.

1?. ^gmrhmdekibme (aus Dfstm 02>?8) ausomcmot

fe Hmpkt hms Jusmuj Eaturacfs fe Cmfhme, 0>11.

^bktk< L. Orfjj.

12. ]etmrdfmgmr jmt

Ypurme mfemr Xrmesm vke

mfemj hmr Pbmememr

^gmrhm fe 0>11.^bktk< L. Orfjj.

Xmxt< Aeemjarfmdm _fccmjsme.

Qumccm11


21/698

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M F E C M F X ] E O

Jmtacc

Has Or`mrgmch vke Pbmeme mroa` mfem orkm Aezabcvke Jmtaccomomestehme, wkrae khmr wkrfe kgt auib`mrrmstm vke Bkcz ueh Xmxtfcfme mrbactme cfm`me. Msombt fe hmr Pmomc uj Mfsmrem _aggme, @rkezmomrtmkhmr Gf`mce aus Mhmcjmtacc. \wmf spmzfmccm Jmtaccguehm

wurhme vmrggmetcfibt vke Laap Vpmy, hmr vke hmr Aus-ora`ueo `fs zu smfemj Xkh fj Labr 1627 ae Pbmeme om-ar`mftmt bat ueh has Jmtacc rmstaurfmrtm. @mf hmj mfemeGueh baehmct sfib uj zwmf vmrokchmtm Yfc`mr`msibcomjft mfemj @radtmatme fe hmr Jfttm (A``. 0>), wmcibmaug bczmreme Yibmf`me mgmstfot warme. Yfm stajjmeaus mfemj _aggmeora` (Pb ??=) hass auib mfem Xrmesmueh mfeme rmfib`msibcaomeme Mfjmr ujgasstm. HfmYibmf`me warme wkbc zwmf zfmjcfib ffaibm Bkczsibacmejft hmr Aussibjidueo aug hmr Feemesmftm. Mfe rmfibmsGraumeora` (Pb 819) mroa` mfe Mfsmrems Yibckss jftYibcssmc. Wke Vpmys Pmdkestrudtfke zmfot sfib, hass msaug hmr Feemesmftm mfems Dstibmes mfeme Pfmomc oa`, hmrvke hme Yibcssmce zuridomhridt wurhm, sk hass hfmPfmomcgmhmr vke hmr Ypmrrm omcst wfrh. Has Yibck`cmibueh hfm Gmhmr jft Pfmomc zmfome, hass has Dstibme fjPbmememr Graumeora` vmrsibckssme war.Wmrtmfct `mr has omsajtm Or`mrgmch caome 182 _ag-gmeor`mr, hfm 19 orkm zwmfsibemfhfom Yibwmrtmr (Ypa-tbam), 99 mfesibemfhfeom Yibwmrtmr (Yaxm), 06 xtm, 97Yibfch`uidmc, 80 ^gmfcoruppme, 9 Ypmmrm ueh hfm stattcf-ibm Aezabc vke 29 Caezmespftzm. Vpmy bat hfm mskehmrmYibjfmhm-Xmibefd, has Hajaszfmrme, hmr Ypatbam uehzwmf Gcomc-Caezme uetmrsuibt ueh msibrfm`me. HfmDkrrksfkesprkhudtm ueh hfm \usajjmesmtzueo hms

Jmtaccs zwmfmr Yaxm ueh zwcg Caezmespftzm wmrhme fehmr FYFY-Emutrkemegkrsibueosmferfibtueo fe Barwmcc(`mf Kxgkrh, ]D) aeacysfmrt. Aumrhmj fst hfm Jmtacc-\usajjmesmtzueo vke sfm`me Yaxm ueh Jmssmr aea-cysfmrt fj Emutrkemezmetruj vke @uhapmst fe ]eoare.Emutrkeme-Aeacysme zmfome, hass hfmsm _aggme aus^bkspbkrbactfomj Mfsme omsibjfmhmt wkrhme sfeh. MfeJmssmr (Pb 71=@) metbct skoar sk vfmc ^bkspbkr, hass mseaib hmj kcfmrme mfeme sfc`rfome Ocaez omzmfot ba`mejuss.

Xmxt< Femdm Lkkstme ueh Aeemjarfmdm _fccmjsme.

Qumccme< Vpmy, L., 1678< Mfe jmrkwfeomrzmftcfibms

Dastmesibckss fe mfemj Graumeora` aus Pbmeme,

^rkv. ]trmibt, @mrfibtme PK@ 18,28-224 Vpmy, L., 1629-8?24

Okhgrmy M., J. vae Efm, mt ac., 0>>7< Aeifmet wmapkes

tmibekckoy stuhfmh ke MEOFE-R, Xbm FYFY Gaifcfty

Aeeuac Pmpkrt, Barwmcc, 1=.

16. Laap Vpmy (PK@, rmibts) wbrmeh hmr Pmstaurfmrueo

Jmtaccguehm Pbmemes `mfj @msuib hmr Emhmrcehfsibme Defofe

Lucfaea (Jfttme) fe 16==4 zur cfedmr Ymftm PK@-Hfrmdtkr .L.

Ocazmja. ^bktk< Aribfv PIM.

0>. @radtmat`msibcom aus Ora` ??= fe 16=1.

^bktk< Aribfv PIM.


22/698

12


Aetbrkpkckofsibms JatmrfacEur fe mfemr mormeztme Aezabc vke Drpmr`mstat-tueome `cfm` jmesibcfibms Ydmcmttjatmrfacs mrbactme.]etmrsuibt wurhme hfm \bem ueh/khmr Ydmcmttrmstmvke 86 Or`mr. Hfm `mrrmstm vke => Fehfvfhume wurhmeomguehme. Yibhmc ueh vkr accmj hfm \bem sfeh rmcatfv

bufio vmrtrmtme. Fe hmr Jmbrzabc hmr Gccm warme eurhfm Drkeme aus \abesibjmcz mrbactme om`cfm`me. Dek-ibme ueh \abewurzmce sfeh fe hmr Pmomc sibcmibtmrmrbactme. Hfm Dekibmek`mrffibm fst kgt stard aeomorfg-gme vke rkzmssme fj @khme< ms oa` dmfem vkccstehfomDekibme ueh accm Ydmcmttm sfeh eur graojmetarfsibmrbactme om`cfm`me. Augorueh hfmsmr sibcmibtme Mrbac-tueo msibredt hfm pbysfsibm Aetbrkpkckofm sfib aughfm Yajjcueo hmr Hatme `mr Omsibcmibt ueh Xkhms-actmr. Har`mr bfeaus sfeh hfm Wmrgrùeo hmr \bemueh Dekibme hkdujmetfmrt wkrhme, wmfc skcibm aug hfmAewmsmebmft vke jmtaccfsibme Omomestehme fj Ora`bfewmfsme deeme.@mf 82 hmr => uetmrsuibtme Fehfvfhume dkeetm hasXkhmsactmr mstfjjt wmrhme< 18 mrskeme warme

leomr acs 0> Labrm ueh 98 ^mrskeme warme ctmr acs 0>Labrm. Ykwmft aug Orueh hmr mrbactmeme `mrrmstme zu`mkàibtme fst, warme lueom Jmesibme fe hme mrstmezwmf Cm`meslabrme uetmrrmprsmetfmrt. Jft 17 mrskemezwfsibme = ueh 0> Labrme fst hfmsm Actmroruppm, hfmekrjacmrwmfsm rmcatfv wmefo Xkhmsgccm zbct, `mrrm-prsmetfmrt. Eur mf 10 Fehfvfhume dkeetm mfem @mstfj-jueo hms Omsibcmibtms vkromekjjme wmrhme< mfemrwar jocfibmrwmfsm mfeme Jaee, ? zmfotme hmutcfibwmf`cfibm \om ueh 8 Fehfvfhume warme jocfibmrwmfsm

wmf`cfib. Ykwmft has Omscmibt mstfjjt wmrhme dkee-tm, zmfot has `mrrasibmeh kgt fe wmf`cfibm Pfibtueo.Kggmesfibtcfibm patbkckofsibme Wmrehmrueome wurhmewbrmeh hmr Ydmcmttuetmrsuibueo efibt `mkàibtmt.Fe 19 Gccm wurhm Wmrgrùeo hmr Dekibme khmr \bemomguehme< aibt mrskeme battme mfem orem Wmrgrùeohmr Dekibme khmr \bem. Fe hmr Pmomc (= Gccm) baehmctmms sfib uj hfm Dekibme hms K`mr- khmr ]etmrdfmgmrsueh hfm \bem smc`mr. Geg ^mrskeme zmfotme mfemsibwarzm Wmrgrùeome ae mfefome \beme.

Xmxt< Papbac aebuflsme.

Qumccm< _krdsbkp kg Murkpmae

Aetbrkpkckofsts, 162>11.

^bktk< PJK/A. _fccmjsme.

01< Yibhmc fe sftu fe Ora`. ^bktk< Aribfv PIM.


23/698

16

M F E C M F X ] E O

Ocasomgssm

Fe 98 Or`mre vke Pbmeme wurhme fesomsajt `mr8> Ytid Ocaswarme omguehme< mfem ueomwbecfiborkm Jmeom. Yfm wurhm fe hme =>mr Labrme uetmrsuibtvke Icasfea Fsfeos mfem Ypmzfacfstfe gr rjfsibms Ocas.Hfm Yibacme ueh Xassme aus Ocas vkj Or`mrgmch `mf

Pbmeme hatfmrme aus hmj sptme 8. `fs zuj sptme?. Labrbuehmrt e.Ibr. Yfm `fmtme Mfe`cfid fe hme `mr-oaeo vkj rjfsibme zuj jmrkwfeofsibme Ocas fe hmeEfmhmrcaehme. Hfmsm Metwfidcueo bat Fsfeos acs mfemsibrfttwmfsm msibrfm`me, wk`mf has jmrkwfeofsibmeOcas aus hmr rjfsibme Xrahftfke metwfidmct ueh hfm r-jfsibme Ocas csmr fbrm rkhudtfke gkrtsmtzme gr emumDuehme._fm fj spt-rjfsibme Ocas of`t ms fj jmrkwfeomrzmft-cfibme Ocas bufio Wmruermfefoueome. Hfmsm zmfome sfibbauptsibcfib fe Oreteme. Hfm Pehmr sfeh fe hmr Pm-omc rmibt omstactmt. Hfm Hmdkratfke ujgasst bauptsib-cfib Ocasspfracme fe hmr ocmfibme Gar`m wfm has Ocas, hfmmetstmbme, fehmj has Ocas hurib mfeme omrfpptme Pfeoom`casme wfrh. Fe Pbmeme sfmbt jae eaibmfeaehmr uehjaeibjac auib ocmfibzmftfo hfm gkcomehme Xypme< juc-hmegrjfom Yibacm, juchmegrjfom Xassm, bac`duomc-grjfom Gu`mibmr, Yibacm jft `rmftmj ffaibmj @khme,Xrfibtmr`mibmr, Ockidme`mibmr jft Gu, Yturz`mibmr,Ockidme`mibmr kbem Gu ueh Pssmc`mibmr. ]etmr hmePbmememr Ocasomgme fst hmr Pssmc`mibmr (Pb 819^) ausgast gar`cksmj Ocas, aus hmj ?. Labrbuehmrt, aumr-omwbecfib, wfm auib mfem dcmfem Yibacm jft mfemrfj @khme mfeomwacztme Pksmttm aus Ocasghme (Pb >91G)aus hmr zwmftme Bcgtm hms 7. Labrbuehmrts skwfm mfe

Gactme`mibmr aus hmr zwmftme Bcgtm hms 8. Labrbue-hmrts (Pb 292@). Fsfeos `mjmrdt, hass fe Pbmeme mfemorkm Wfmcgact ae Gkrjme jocfib war, hass Xypme bufioparaccmc mrsibmfeme ueh has mfefom Gkrjme sptmr hatfmrtwmrhme jtme acs `fs hatk aeomekjjme.


Qumccm< I. Fsfeos, Jmrkvfeofsib ocas uft

Emhmrcaeh, fe< L.M. @koamrs mt ac. (Brso.), Bkehmrh

mmuwme Emhmrcaeh, Aetfqufty aeh YurvfvacFF =-7,

s-Oravmebaom 16=6, p. 010-009.

0=. Gactme`mibmr (Pb 292@). bktk


Gf`mce jft Mfecaom

]etmr hme Buehmrtme vke Yibjuidstidme aus Pbm-eme fiehme sfib =1 @omcfi`mce, 0= Yibmf`mefi`mce ueh00 Wkomcfi`mce, jmfstmes jft rktmj Acjaehfe (mfemjOraeat) `msmtzt. Hfm \abc vke Oraeatme fe mfemj Gf`mcvarffmrt vke mfemj, wfm z. @. has Auom mfems Wkomcs, aug

07 fe mfemr Yibmf`mefi`mc (Pb 292A). Hfm IbmjfsibmDkjpksftfke hmr Ytmfem wfrhme fj Labr 0>1> mf hmr FIEfe Ajstmrhaj vke Petomeffukrmsimez-Jmtbkh (RPG)omjmssme ueh 0>11 vke ârtficm Fehuimh R-ray Mjfssfke(^FRM) hmrAiicratmur Oraeh Ckuvrm h'Aeacysm Mcjme-tafrm(AOCAM) fj I0PJG - âcafs hu Ckuvrm fe ârfs (^rk-

lmdt IBAPFYJA). Hfm Pmsuctatm hfmsmr Aeacysme wmfsmeharaug bfe, hass accm Oraeatme aus Fehfme, a`mr efibt accmaus hmrsmc`me Qumccm stajjme. Ms cfmot eabm, hass hfmBmrstmccmr hmr Gf`mce `mr has Aeom`kt aus jmbrmrmeQumccme aus hmj (kgt uetmrsibtztmj) Baehmcsemtz hmsgrbme Jfttmcactmrs vmrgome dkeetme. Auib wfssme wfreue, hass mfem Yibmf`mefi`mc jketfmrt fst jft Ocas ueh@mfe, wmcibms mfe ore-wmfms Justmr mroa` (Pb 992A)ueh hass fe mfemr hmr Pahfi`mc fe hmr Jfttm dmfem Duomcwmfms Ocasms, skehmre tatsibcfib mfem mrcm mfeomcmotfst (Pb 7>1A).

07. Acjaehfesibmf`mefi`mc fj @maj hmr AOCAM hms Ckuvrm-

Jusmujs, Luef 0>11. ^bktk< PJK/A. _fccmjsme.


02. Acjaehfesibmf`mefi`mc jft ^mrcm fj Jfttme (Pb 7>1A).

^bktk< PJK/^.L. @kjbkg.

0?. @omcfi`mc fj @maj hmr AOCAM hms Ckuvrm-Jusmujs, Luef

0>11. bktk< PJK/A. _fccmjsme.

06. Yibmf`mefi`mc mfeomcmot jft Dekibme ueh Ocas (Pb 992A).

^bktk< PJK/^.L. @kjbkg.


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M F E C M F X ] E O

Pbmeme (^rkvfez ]trmibt, Efmhmrcaehm) cfmot ia. 9= djstcfib hmr ^rkvfezbauptstaht ]trmibt aug hmj rmibtme]gmr hms Emhmrrfle, hmr bfmr smfeme shcfibstme ûedtueh hajft ocmfibzmftfo smfem ortm Ebm zur shcfibmrfffmmehme _aac mrrmfibt. @mf Pbmeme stt hmr stcfibmAuscugmr hms ]trmibtsm Bmuvmcruo aug has Pbmfeugmr.Hmr Bmuvmcruo ueh hfm stcfib omcmomem Ytauibjkremvke Mhm-_aomefeome metstaehme wbrmeh hmr Yaacm-Dactzmft (0>> >>> 10> >>> Labrm @^) ae hme Pehmremfemr has Omchmrsm Waccmf ausgccmehme Ocmtsibmrzueom.Fe hmr _mfibsmc-Dactzmft (2> >>> 1> >>> Labrm @^)battme vkr accmj hfm Gcaedme hmr Ytauibjkreme uetmrA`traoueo zu cmfhme, fbrm Bbm `cfm` fj wmsmetcfibmehfm ocmfibm. Hmr sfm vmr`fehmehm Xmfc fimc hmr Mrksfke

vkccstehfo zuj Kpgmr.1

1.1 Xkpkorapbfsibm Caom ueh omkckofsibm Yftuatfkehms GuehkrtsHfm Ytaht Pbmeme `mfiehmt sfib aug hmr Yhffaedm hms]trmibtsm Bmuvmcruo, hmr bfmr stmfc zuj Ytrkjtac hmsPbmfes bfe a`gcct. Dmeezmfibemeh gr has Om`fmt fst hasAugmfeaehmrtrmggme zwmfmr @khmeartme. Hmr Gu hmrYtauibjkreme jft hme vkromcaomrtme, vkr accmj eaib_mstme `rmftmr wmrhmehme Yaehr jardfmrt hfm Yh-ormezm hms pcmfstkzeme Yaehom`fmts, ae has sfib eaibYhme ueh _mstme mfem \kem ffuvfatfcmr Xkem `mrwfm-

omeh bkckzeme ]rsprueos aesibcfmt. Hmr ]trmibtsmBmuvmcruo dmeet mfeme ]etmrorueh aus ork`mj, starddfmsbactfomj Yaeh jft mfemj efmhrfome (huribsibeftt-cfib >,2>1,0> j uetmr hmr @khmek`mrffibm) Orueh-wassmrspfmomc. Hfm urspreocfibm Wmomtatfke hrgtmvmrsibfmhmem Gkrjme mfems Mfibmejfsibwachms ujgatba`me.0Augorueh hmr @khme`msibaggmebmft war hmrBmuvmcruo gr Aidmràu fj wmsmetcfibme ueommfoemt4

Caom ueh gkrsibueosomsibfibtmAeemttm _aoemr

1 Omkjkrgkckofsibm daart vae Emhmrcaeh `cah 96 (Xfmc)4 `cah 96Kkst (Pbmeme)4 @rus 1627, 21>. Woc. auib @mrmehsme 1620, 9782ueh 1=6 skwfm _fccmjs 1621, 8>.

0 ^kmcjae & Wae Kkstme 16?9, 8?6 jft Ag`. 0>, voc. auib m`h. 96Ag`. 174 196 Ag`. 8?. Hfm `mf ^kmcjae & Wae Kkstme 16?9, 86=1`msibrfm`mem Yftuatfke `mzfmbt sfib bauptsibcfib aug hfm \mft hms(bkbme ueh sptme) Jfttmcactmrs. Eaib ]etmrsuibueome hms Hfpc.@fkc. @. Jams, hmj fib gr hfmsm Ausduegt smbr haedm, ba`me aughmj ]trmibtsm Bmuvmcruo smft hmj Atcaetfduj, h.b. a` mtwa ?>>>

v.Ibr., ausomhmbetm Mfibmejfsibwchmr omstaehme, hmrme `mr-rmstm stmccmewmfsm ekib mrbactme sfeh. Aj Gum hms ]trmibtsmBmuvmcruo vmrjutmt mr Mfibme/Bafeùibmewchmr ueh mvtc. Cfe-hmewchmr (sibr. Jftt. 1?. >0. 0>>>). \ur Jmtbkhm voc. Jams 1662skwfm Wae Haj & Hm Wrfms 1662. @ufs ombt fe smfemr bfstkrfsibme`mrsfibt aug hfm urspreocfibm \usajjmesmtzueo hmr _chmraug hmj Bmuvmcruo efibt mfe (@ufs 162=, 1?, 108=8, 168= skwfm0276, zu Pbmeme ms. 18?2).

9>. ]rduehm vke Gkcdmr aus hmj Labr 2==. ^bktk< Caehmsaribfv

Ekrhrbmfe-_mstgacme, Bauptstaatsaribfv Hssmchkrg, _mrhme

FRa 1z @c.>0v.


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Wfmbbactueo hurib _ach`mwmfhueo (_achvfmbàumre-tuj) war fe omwfssmj ]jgaeo jocfib.9

@mssmrm, wmee auib wabrsibmfecfib vkj Jfdrkrmcfmgueh (Bkib-) _assmrstaeh hms Pbmfes a`beofom Jo-cfibdmftme skwkbc gr Aidmràu acs auib gr Wfmbzuibthrgtm hfm tkefom ]gmrzkem om`ktme ba`me. HfmsmsOm`fmt wfrh bmutm `mrwfmomeh zur _mfhmwfrtsibagtomeutzt, Aidmràu ueh K`staeàu spfmcme eur ekib

mfem uetmromkrhemtm Pkccm.8Hmr ]trmibtsm Bmuvmcruofst jft Auseabjm mfefomr caehwfrtsibagtcfib omeutz-tmr Gcibme fezwfsibme wfmhmr hfibt `mwachmt, mfeMromèfs hmr vmrstrdt smft hmr zwmftme Bcgtm hms 12.Labrbuehmrts vkromekjjmeme _fmhmrauggkrstueo jftEahmcbczmre.=

1.0 Yibrfgtcfibm Qumccme zur YtahtomsibfibtmOut mfe bac`ms Labrtausmeh `mvkr hmr Eajm Pbmeme fesibrfgtcfibme Qumccme zuj mrstme Jac mrsibmfet, skcc sfibmfe Mrmfoefs aòmspfmct ba`me, has hfm Mxfstmez mfemrYfmhcueo `mf Pbmeme `mrmfts fe ikestaetfefsibmr \mft

eabmzucmome sibmfet.

Yptjfttmcactmrcfibmr baofkorapbfsibmr `mrcfmgmrueozugkcom wurhme fj Labr 99? e.Ibr. hfm bc. ]rsuca ueh hfmsfm `mocmftmehme 11 >>> Lueograume, hfm sfib aug hmrPidrmfsm vke mfemr ^fcomrgabrt eaib Pkj `mgaehme,`mf Dce mrjkrhmt. Eur hfm vke hme Krdemyfesmce staj-jmehm Defostkibtmr Iuemra `mrcm`tm has Jassadmr,wmfc sfm vke Defo Bmfjk omrmttmt ueh fe smfeme âcasteaib Pbmeme jftomekjjme wurhm. Yfm mrwar` hms

Defos Ouest, was lmhkib hme Emfh hmr Defofe bmr-vkrrfmg, hfm sfm sibcfmcfib jft Bfcgm mfemr \kgm mrwrotmueh fj ^gmrhmstacc `moru`. Hmr Jkrh wurhm methmidt,hfm Defofe mehmtm hurib Ymc`stjkrh, fbrm \kgm aughmj Yibmftmrbaugme. Fj ?. Labrbuehmrt skcc Iuemravkj ]trmibtmr @fsibkg _fccf`rkrh bmfcfoomsprkibme uehskccme fbrm Om`mfem fe hfm Pbmememr Omjmfehmdfribm`mrgbrt wkrhme smfe.7

Wae Ftmrske, hmr sfib ausgbrcfib jft hmr Omsibfibtm hmrYtaht Pbmeme `msibgtfot bat,?vmrjutmt fe hmr Cmomehmmfeme wabrme Dmre, sprfibt sfib lmhkib ocmfibzmftfoomome mfem Hatfmrueo hms Omsibmbmes fes 8. Labrbue-

hmrt aus.2

Ha fe hmr aus hmr Jfttm hms 10. Labrbuehmrts

9 Aidmràu aug hme Gcaedme hms ]trmibtsm Bmuvmcruo hrgtm fjwmsmetcfibme ae hme Ytmccme jocfib omwmsme smfe, ae hmememfe omwfssmr ^rkzmetsatz Cmbj fj ]etmrorueh vkrdaj. Fj acc-omjmfeme ofct, ha hmr @khme kbem Heoueo wmefo mrtraormfibomwmsme smfe hrgtm, was hfm Mxfstmez omjfsibtmr caehwfrtsibagt-cfibmr @mtrfm`m ektwmehfo jaibtm. Hfm (stardm) Heoueo gbrtma` hmj Jfttmcactmr zur Metstmbueo hmr medmmrh@hme, ae hmemehfm Caom hmr grbme Aidmrparzmccme a`zucmsme fst. Woc. hfm zusaj-jmegassmehm @msibrmfùeo `mf @ufs 162=, 7>17>9, gmremr [email protected] 166?, 607, bfmr v.a. 617. Omemrmcc wfrh hmr ]etmroruehhms ]trmibtsm Bmuvmcruo eaib hme bmutfome Ekrjme acs gr Ad-dmràu ueh _mfhmwfrtsibagt ueommfoemt `mtraibtmt4 voc. ^kmcjae& Wae Kkstme 16?9, 180=8 ueh 1?06, `ms. 1=>, 1=8, 1?= skwfm 1?6.\ur Metwfidcueo hmr _ach`mwmfhueo a` hmj Jft tmcactmr voc. @ufs

162=, 97, 8?=> jft 8919 @flc. 1 ueh 0 (Wmcuwm), 10791 (Mcst T^rkv.]trmibtZ), 1?620 (u.a. ^rkv. Cfjùro), 0>7 skwfm 0>61>, zuj_achvfmbàumretuj Wmrvckmt 166?, 1= ueh uetme Dap. 1.0.0.

8 Woc. zusajjmegassmeh @mrmehsme 1620, 00> 14 Bartme 166?,0?97.

= \ur caehwfrtsibagtcfibme Eutzueo voc. ^kmcjae & Wae Kkstme16?9, =0?>, zur rmibtsrbmfefsibme ]gmrzkem auib m`h. =>. _fm-hmrauggkrstueo hms ]trmibtsm Bmuvmcruo< ^kmcjae & Wae Kkstme16?9, =0, 77 ? Ag`. 910. Hfm Mfoeueo gr Aidmràu ueh Wfmbzuibteaib bmutfome Jast`me omjmssme wfrh m`h. 180=8 ueh 1?06`mbaehmct4 zur rmibtsrbmfefsibme ]gmrzkem sfmbm `ms. 1=09 . HasOm`fmt hrgtm fj wmsmetcfibme hfm ocmfibme Jocfibdmftme om`k-tme ba`me wfm has mtwa 1= dj Cugtcfefm wmftmr wmstcfib omcmomem,`khmeduehcfib wmftmstombmeh uesmrmj Om`fmt metsprmibmehmDrkjjm Pfle om`fmh, hmssme caehwfrtsibagtcfibms ^ktmetfac wb-rmeh hmr Dafsmrzmft ueh hmj grbme Jfttmcactmr Dkkfstra uetmr-suibt bat< Dkkfstra 16684 hfms. 1667, 9629.

7 \usajjmegassueo hmr Cmomehm `mf Wae Ftmrske 167>, =11, `ms.=?, wkraug auib uesmrm _fmhmroa`m àsfmrt. Hmr Eajm vke

Iuemras Pmttmr wfrh fe jaeibme Qumccme jft Pa``khus aeomom-`me, aehmrm mrwbeme fbe `mrbaupt efibt< Wae Ftmrske 167>, 7Aej. 9. Acs Xkhmstao Iuemras ofct hmr 02. Kdtk`mr, hfm traescatfkskcc ae mfemj 10. Luef stattomguehme ba`me< m`h. 180 jft Aej. 0=.

? Wae Ftmrske 167>4 voc. auib hfm Pmzmesfke< Wae hm Dfmgt 1670.

91. Yfcbkumttm mfems Bkczsaroms fe mfemr Oru`m.

^bktk< Aribfv PIM.

90. Defidwaehtkpg jft Cmfibme`raeh fe sftu fe Ora` 7>.

^bktk< Aribfv PIM.


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M F E C M F X ] E O

stajjmehme vfta Jmfewmrif`mrmfts vke mfemr Iuem-raWmrmbrueo fe Pbmeme `mrfibtmt wfrh, fst bfmrjft hmrzmftcfibm Pabjme gr hfm hmr Cmomehm zuoruehmcfmome-hme Mrmfoefssm omom`me.6

1.0.1 XkpkeyjfmHmr Krtseajm Pbmeme wfrh fe sibrfgtcfibme Qumccmezuj Labrm 2== mrstjacs mrwbet. Aeccfib smfems

Mfetrftts `mrtruo mfe omwfssmr Gkcdmr smfeme @msftzhmj Dckstmr _mrhme ae hmr Pubr.1>Aus hmr Gkrjucfm-rueo fe ufcca Brmefwfrh mrsfibtcfib, ha hmr Eajm mfemYfmhcueo `msibrmf`t. Hfm Fhmetffizfmrueo hmr omeaee-tme ufcca Brmef11jft Pbmeme fst fe hmr tkpkeyjfsibme

Gkrsibueo uestrfttfo, hfm @mhmutueo hms Eajmes zujomeaeetme \mftpuedt uedcar.10Hfm efmhmrcehfsibmGkrsibueo gkcot fj wmsmetcfibme Oyssmcfeo, hmr hmeEajme smfemrzmft vke mfemj mrsibckssmeme Ahlmdtfvjft hmr @mhmutueo rmfe a`cmftmtm.19Hkib sibmfethfmsm Mtyjkckofm efibt zwfeomeh zu smfe, wfm Wae@mrdmc ueh Yajpckefus jft fbrmr Fetmrprmtatfke hms fehmr ocmfibme ]rduehm mr wbetme (fe) sfcua Brmebmj18zmfome. Em`me hfm mrmfts omeaeetm Fetmrprmtatfkestmccme sfm mfem wmftmrm, hmr zugkcom has Xkpkeyj brmeaug mfe m`megaccs mrsibckssmems actgredfsibms

_krt gr ]jzueueo khmr Yibwmfemstacc zuridombmedeetm.1=

Mfem omometmfcfom ksftfke efjjt Daugjaee mfe, wmeemr ufcca Brmefacs catmfefsibm `mrsmtzueo hms omrja-efsibme Brmebmjfetmrprmtfmrt ueh jft Pbmfebmfj,

2 Wae Ftmrske 167>, bfmr v.a. 211 skwfm 110. Acs Aroujmet omome mfemHatfmrueo fes 8. Lb. e.Ibr. gbrt mr u.a. ae, ha fe hmj Or`mrgmchaug hmj Hkehmr`mro dmfemrcmf Ypurme hms Ibrfstmetujs methmidtwkrhme smfme< m`h. 2.

6 JOBYYRF, Wfta Jmfewmrif mpfsikpf âtbmr`rveemesfsiap.IRRRW(bfmrzftfmrt eaib hmr Ausoa`m Xmeidbkgg 1601, ?>)17. Hfm baehsibrfgtcfibm`mrcfmgmrueo hmr Iuemracmomehm `mofeet fj 18. Labrbuehmrt uehefjjt v.a. fj 1=. Labrbuehmrt mrbm`cfib zu< Wae Ftmrske 167>, 2Aej. 11 skwfm 189. Omome Wae Ftmrske, hmjzugkcom hfm PbmememrDfribm urspr. has ^mtruspatrkzfefuj augwfms ueh mrst uj khmreaib 18>> hmr bc. Iuemra omwmfbt wurhm (Wae Ftmrske 167>, 1819ueh 00764 voc. auib 0998), vmrjutmt Wae hm Dfmgt, ha hfm Dfribm`mfhme Bmfcfome omwfhjmt war ueh ha has mtruspatrkzfefuj fjCaugm hmr \mft vkj Iuemrapatrkzfefuj vmrhreot wurhm (Wae hmDfmgt 1670, 6=).

1> ]ràrm hmr A`tmf _mrhme ae hmr Pubr4 Dtzsibdm 16>7, 21=. \urBaehsibrfgt hmrs., IFRIRRFF, zur Hatfmrueo hmr Dkpfm `ms. RIW, IFR,IRFIRFF, IRRIRRF4 Dezmc, @ckd & Wmrbkmgg 1622, 062 s.v. Pmeme, zurwmftmrme `mrcfmgmrueo m`h. skwfm Oyssmcfeo 167>, 29= s.v. Pmeme4Wae @mrdmc & Yajpckefus 1626, 1=0. Drftfsib zu Oyssmcfeo stmbme@ckd 16704 1679 (zu Pbmeme< m`h. 181) ueh Daugjaee 1671.

11 Yptmrmr raehcfibmr \usatz fe hmr ]rduehm< Pmeme(]ràrm hmrA`tmf _mrhme ae hmr Pubr A1 0 @c. 0

`TBs.A22Z4 Dtzsibdm 16>7, 10).10 Accomjmfe wfrh aeomekjjme, ha hmr Eajm hmr Yfmhcueo vke

hmj fe hmr Ebm fffmmehme Pbmfe `mmfeffut wkrhme fst4 voc.bfmrzu hfm fe hmr vkrfome Aejmrdueo omeaeetme Krtseajmecmxfdaskwfm Daugjaee 1671, 7.

19 Oyssmcfeo 167>, 29= s.v. Pmeme of`t bfmr dmfeme @mzuo gr has vkefbj efibt acs mrsibckssme omdmeezmfibemtm Ahlmdtfv *brafef(rmfe,sau`mr)4 ae aehmrmr Ytmccm hmutmt mr hme Eajme Brmefacs sau`mrmYfmhcueo ueh hatfmrt fbe fe hfm Labrbuehmrtm uj Ibrfstf Omùrt(Oyssmcfeo 16=6, 11). Wae @mrdmc & Yajpckefus 1626, 1=0 s.v. Pbmemejibtme *brafefaug mfeme _assmrcaug mzfmbme4 Dezmcmt ac.1622,062 s.v. Pmeme om`me dmfem Ytmccueoeabjm. Jmtbkhfsibm Drftfd ae

Oyssmcfeo umrtme @ckd 16704 1679 skwfm Daugjaee 1671`.18 Yptmrmr raehcfibmr \usatz fe hmr ]rduehm< Pmyemj(]ràrm hmrA`tmf _mrhme ae hmr Pubr A

1 0 @c. 0`TBs.A22Z4 Dtzsibdm 16>7, 19).

1= Wae @mrdmc & Yajpckefus 1626, 1=0 s.v. Pmeswkuhm sibcaomegr has Xkpkeyj brmemfem A`cmftueo vke*brajefkhmr*braeef(kjbmfefeo) vkr (jft jocfibmrwmfsm gacsibmr Ckdacfsfmrueo hms@mcmos). Aezujmrdme fst, ha hfmsm Fetmrprmtatfkesjocfibdmftstard vkj Dketmxt hmr ]rduehm `mmfeffut mrsibmfet. Hfm Fhme-tffizfmrueo vke sfcua Brmebmjjft hmr Krtsibagt Pmeswkuhm fstefibt sfibmr4 voc. bfmrzu auib Dezmc mt ac.1622, 066 s.v. Pmebmj.Dezmc mt ac.`mrugme sfib `mf fbrmj Ckdacfsfmrueosvmrsuib augWae Ftmrske, hmr 1690 vmrjutmt battm, hmr bfmr aeomhmutmtm _achba`m mtwa 0,= dj ekrhstcfib vke Pbmeme fj Om`fmt hmr bmutfomeAibtmr`mrosm Bkkfcaehme omcmome. Acs Aroujmet gbrtm WaeFtmrske smfemrzmft ae, ha eur hkrt fj ]etmrorueh Mfibme omgue-hme wkrhme wrme, sk ha has fe hmr _mrhmemr ]rduehm omeaeetmPmibt hmr Yibwmfemjast bfmr zu ckdacfsfmrme smf (Wae Ftmrske 1690,2114 aòmsibwibt hmrs. 167>, 9=). Jkhmrem ]etmrsuibueomezur Wmomtatfkesomsibfibtm ba`me lmhkib omzmfot, ha hfmsm Fe-tmrprmtatfke sk efibt bactàr fst4 voc. k`me Aej. 0 skwfm Hm Lkeo16214 @mrmehsme 1620, 00>14 âcs 162?, =264 Caeom 166>, 1264Dkkfstra 1667, 8?=>, `ms. 86=>.

99. Oru`m jft Xkesibacm ueh Jmtaccoruppm fe sftu.

^bktk< Aribfv PIM.


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acsk Yfmhcueo aj Pbmfe, ocmfibsmtzt.17Ykcctm ms sfibtatsibcfib uj mfeme jft bmmjom`fchmtme Krtseajmebaehmce,1?wrm hfmsmr fe hfm ^mrfkhm 7>>1>>> e.Ibr.zu hatfmrme.12Hajft wrm hmr Aesibcu zwfsibme ar-ibkckofsibmr ueh bfstkrfsibmr `mrcfmgmrueo mrrmfibt.16

1.0.0 Krtsomsibfibtm

Fe hmr `mrmfts mrwbetme ]rduehm zuj Labr 2==`mrtruo Gkcdmr smfem @msftzueome, haruetmr mfemBkgstmccm (jaesus) jft _mfhmrmibtme fe Pbmeme, hmrvke hmj grfmsfsibme Jfssfkear ueh sptmrme @fsibkgvke Jestmr, Cfuhomr, fj ausombmehme 2. Labrbuehmrtomstfgtmtme @memhfdtfemra`tmf _mrhme ae hmr Pubr.0>Mrdmeeàr wfrh hmr Ytrmu`msftz mfems Ahcfome wfm auibhfm Xatsaibm, ha hmr zur Krtsibagt (vfcca) Pbmemeombrmehm Orueh`msftz efibt fe mfemr Baeh war, accmj

Aesibmfe eaib lmhkib auib dkccmdtfv omeutztm Xmfcmujgatm.01Hfm _mrhmemr A`tmf `msa `fs fes 10. Labr-buehmrt Orueh fe Pbmeme.00Mrbm`cfib ujgaeormfibmracs hfm Yibmedueo Gkcdmrs sibmfet hmr @msftz omwmsmezu smfe, hme Orag @achmrfib ueh smfem Oattfe Ahmca fjLabrm 1>>9 hmr A`tmf Hmutz `mrtruome ueh hme hfmsmA`tmf `fs fes Labr 10=7 `msmssme bat.09Fj 19. Labrbue-

hmrt zur Ytaht mrbk`me,08omcaeo ms Pbmeme auib haeeefibt, wfrtsibagtcfibm @mhmutueo zu mrcaeome.0=HmrAusàu acs \kccstatfke fj 19./18. Labrbuehmrt07uehhfm Mrrfibtueo mfemr caehmsbmrrcfibme Jezstttm fehmr zwmftme Bcgtm hms 19. Labrbuehmrts0?gbrtme zumfemj msibmfhmeme _kbcstaeh hmr @romr, hmr eaibWmrcmoueo mfhmr Festaezme fes meaibàrtm _fld flHuurstmhm lmhkib rasib habfesibjkcz.02Hfm ^mst,06mfedatastrkpbacmr @raeh, hmj eabmzu hfm omsajtm Ytaht

17 Daugjaee 1671a, 624 1671`, 7, 184 becfib Wae Ftmrske 167>, 110Aej. 0>6, hmr lmhkib lmhme \usajjmebaeo jft Pbmfem a`cmbet.Fehfrmdt cfmot Daugjaees Aesatz auib hmr vke Oyssmcfeo (16=6, 11 )omom`meme Hmutueo zuoruehm. Gr Daugjaees Aesfibt deetm

sprmibme, ha hfm ocmfibm ]rduehm em`me hmr catmfefsibme auibhfm omrjaefsibm Gkrj `mrcfmgmrt (fe sfcua Brmebmj). Hfm ]ràrmhmr A`tmf _mrhme, aus hmeme hfm graocfibm ]rduehm stajjt,omctme acs (smbr) zuvmrcssfom Qumccm, hfm Krtseajme kg t fe catfef-sfmrtmr ueh aribafsfmrmehmr Gkrj wfmhmrof`t4 voc. z.@. ^caats mewatmreajme1661, 9?2.

1? Gr Daugjaees Fetmrprmtatfke sprfibt efibt eur hmr sptmrm, augsfcua Brmebmj`mzkomem \usatzPmyemjfe hmr ]rduehm (voc. k`meAej. 18), skehmre auib ueh hmutcfibmr ekib mfem Bmrduegtsae-oa`m `mf hmr Augzbcueo hmr \muome (]ràrm hmr A`tmf _mrhmeae hmr Pubr A

1 0 @c. 9`TBs.A22Z4 Dtzsibdm 16>7, 1=)< ... Ekjfea

tmstfuj quf fe krfmetacf rfpa Brmef ffujfefs Tjmfem BmrvkrbmùeoZikestftutf mssm eksiuetur. ...

12 ^caats me _atmreajme1661, 6 ueh 10.16 Woc. auib hfm jmtbkhfsibme `mrcmoueome zuj Qumccmewmrt mfems

Krtseajmes `mf @ckd 1670, 129=4 1622, zur Fetmrprmtatfke hmrmtyjkckofsibme @mhmutueo `ms. hmrs. 1622, 98=.

0> ]ràrm hmr A`tmf _mrhme ae hmr Pubr A1 0 @c. 0`(Bs.A22)< ... fe

ufcca Brmef jaesuj Fueuj... Fe sfcua Brmebmj p astus pkrikrujRRRtrfofeta ... Hfm `mtrmg gmehm ]rduehm fst fe mfemr Dkpfm aus hmj Me-hm hms 6. khmr hmj Aegaeo hms 1>. Labrbuehmrts `mrcfmgmrt, mfem(efibt wkrtomtrmum) A`sibrfgt fiehmt sfib fj Cf`mr prfvfcmofkrujjafkr jkeastmrff _mrhmemesfs4 voc. k`me Aej. 19 skwfm Dtzsibdm16>7, IRRRFFF4 16=2, IICRRWFFWFFFuehIICRRRFR. Hfm @memhfdtfemra`tmf_mrhme a.h. Pubr war vke hmj grfmsfsibme Jfssfkear ueh sptmrme@fsibkg vke Jestmr, Cfuhomr, acs Mfomedckstmr fj ausombmehme 2.Labrbuehmrt omstfgtmt wkrhme. Hmr uj hfm Jfttm hms 6. Labrbue-hmrts zwfsibme mfemj Wmrwaehtme Cfuhomrs ueh hme Jeibmemetstmbmehm Ytrmft uj hfm Mfometujsrmibtm wurhm aug mfemrYyekhm 278 zuouestme cmtztmrmr metsibfmhme, hfm A`tmf durz har-aug (2?1/227) aug @mtrmf`me hmr Jeibm fe mfem uetmr deocfibmjYibutz stmbmehm Pmfibsa`tmf ujomwaehmct (Dtzsibdm 16>7,RFFFRWF 4 ae sptmrme Ytmccme wfrh 2??/227 acs Labr hmr ]jwaehcueo

omeaeet4 zu hme Mfometujsvmrbctefssme voc. auib Dtzsibdm 16=2,IIRFFIIRWskwfmIIRRRFWWF, zuj grbmstme Caeh`msftz hms Dckstmrsm`h. IICFIICWFuehIICFR, zu _mrhmes @msftz fe hme bmutfome Efmhmr-caehme IICRRWFFRskwfmIICRRRWFFFIIRIF). Dtzsibdm (16>7, RWFF, IRRF)vmrjutmt mfeme dausacme \usajjmebaeo zwfsibme hme omeaee-tme Mr`strmftfodmftme ueh hmr Metstmbueo hms ]ràrs omome Mehmhms 6. khmr zu @mofee hms 1>. Labrbuehmrts mfemrsmfts skwfm (m`h.RWRWF) hmj fe hmr Yibmedueo Gkcdmrs gkrjucfmrtme Wkr`mbactaehmrmrsmfts. @ckd (167>, 114 voc. auib m`h. 28 skwfm 27 Aej. ?)sibcfmt sfib Dtzsibdms Fetmrprmtatfke hmr Gkcdmrsibme Yibme-dueo ridbactcks ae. \u Cfuhomr voc. aumrhmj Aeomemeht 166=,0?6, 066 ueh 801, zuj ^bekjme hmr Mfomedcstmr ^rfez 1622,869=.

01 Wae Ftmrske 167>, 98=. Wae Ftmrske zugkcom deetm hfm KrtsibagtPbmeme sfib aus mfemr _achjard bmraus metwfidmct ba`me ( WaeFtmrske 1690, =924 167>, 9= ueh 8>9). Aus hme rtcfibme \fes-vmrbctefssme jmfet mr wmftmrbfe a`cmftme zu deeme, ha ms `mfPbmeme `mrmfts fj 2. ueh 6. Labrbuehmrt, jocfibmrwmfsm auibsibke grbmr, aorarfsib omeutztme Orueh oa` (Wae Ftmrske 1690, 110jft Aej. 14 167>, 8=7).

00 ]ràrm hmr A`tmf _mrhme ae hmr Pubr @1 11 @c. ?`(Bs.A264 Mfetra-

oueo hms 11. Labrbuehmrts< Dtzsibdm 16>7, 664 zur Baehsibrfgt

smc`st m`h. IRRFFIRRRF, zur Hatfmrueo `ms. IRRWF, IRRWFFFIRRFRueh 6>). Bm`mrmofstmr aus hmr \mft uj 11=> fj Cf`mr prfvfcmofkruj jafkrjkeastmrff _mrhmesfs 19, 610 (Bs.@=6 , @c. 71`)< Dtzsibdm 16>7,00=4 zur Baehsibrfgt smc`st voc. m`h. IRRRFFFIRCFF, zur Hatfmrueo `ms.

IRRRWFFIRC. Hfmsmc`m Baehsibrfgt metbct fe mfemj aehmrme Xmfcmfem aus hmj 10. khmr (`mofeemehme) 19. Labrbuehmrt hatfmrmehmA`sibrfgt hmr Gkcdmrsibme Yibmedueosurduehm< Dtzsibdm 16>7,IRRRWjft Aej. ?. \uj _mrhmemr Orueh`msftz fe Pbmeme voc. auibWae Ftmrske 167>, 987 jft Aej. 6.

09 Wae Ftmrske 1690, 119 4 167>. \ur Yibmedueo @achmrfibs ueh Ahmcasvoc. `ms. hmrs. 167>, 2, =?70, zur Ckdacfsfmrueo hms omsibmedtmeOrueh`msftzms ueh hmr wmftmrme Metwfidcueo `ms. 701>>. K` hasaugorueh mfemr fe Pbmeme 688 ausomstmcctme ]rduehm Defo KttksF. bfmr vmrjutmtm (darkcfeofsib;) kttkefsibm Drkeout m`megaccszuj Orueh`msftz hmr A`tmf Hmutz ombrtm, wfm Wae Ftmrske (167>,11>0) aeefjjt, smf habfeomstmcct. Mfe dcmfemr Xmfc hmr Yibmedueo@achmrfibs ueh Ahmcas sibmfet sfib `fs fes 17. Labrbuehmrt fj@msftz hmr A`tmf `mguehme zu ba`me< m`h. 67.

08 Wae Ftmrske 1690, 026 jft Aej. 8 (zftfmrtm ]rduehme a` 10?>)4167>, 009, 118, 10? ueh 1?=. Hmr (m`h. 10?) vmrjutmtm \usajjme-baeo hmr Ytahtmrbmùeo jft hmr augorueh mfemr Ytrkjvmrcmoueohms Pbmfes uj ia. 10>> omstfmomeme wfrtsibagtcfibme @mhmutueohms Krts ct sfib wabrsibmfecfib efibt augrmibtmrbactme4 voc. _fc-cmjs 1621, 0691 jft Aej. 12 skwfm 8==7 jft Gfo. 19 (zur Yftuatfke`mf Pbmeme `ms. =7)4 @mrmehsme 166>, 0887 jft Gfo. 0.

0= Ymbr zutrmggmeh wfrh Pbmeme fe mfemj aus hmj mrstme Wfmrtmchms 17. Labrbuehmrts hatfmrmehme, hmj ]trmibtmr @fsibkg ^bfcfppvke @uroueh omwfhjmtme Omhfibt mfems Pbmememr Arz tms acskppfhucuj`msibrfm`me (zftfmrt `mf Wae Ftmrske 1690, 70= Aej.1< Kppfhucuj Pbkmemesm pfuj, ...). Fccustratfv fst fe hfmsmr Bfe-sfibt auib hfm Xatsaibm, ha hfm Ytahtvmrwactueo fj 1=. ueh 17.Labrbuehmrt jmbrgaib vke ^rfvatcmutme Omch cmfbme jutm, ujfbrme Wmrpfffibtueome eaibzudkjjme. Hmr @au mfemr sthtfsibmeOmtrmfhmjbcm, zu hmj hfm Omjmfehm sfib metsibckssme battm, hahfm Mfewkbemr hfm ^rmfsm hmr `mfhme prfvat `mtrfm`meme Jbcmeeur sibwmr aug`rfeome dkeetme, wurhm m`megaccs aug hfmsm _mfsmfieaezfmrt (Wae Ftmrske 1690, 068> ueh ?>7, `ms. ?>1 jft \ftat

hmr metsprmibmehme ]rduehm4 167>, 88= skwfm 01701, `ms. 00>1jft \ftat hmr metsprmibmehme ]rduehm).

07 Wae Ftmrske 167>, 120> ueh 10?4 voc. auib m`h. 019.0? Has Pmibt hmr Jezproueo war hmj ]trmibtmr @fsibkg `mrmfts

fj 1>. Labrbuehmrt vmrcfmbme ueh bmreaib jmbrgaib `msttfotwkrhme, hkib mrst 1978 mrbfmct mr vke Dafsmr Darc FW. hfm Mrcauèfs,Jezme aumrbac` hmr Ytaht ]trmibt smc`st prome zu cassme. HfmAecaom hmr Jezm fe Pbmeme fst zwfsibme 1978 ueh 1960 mrgkcot , 001=.

02 Hfm \kccstatfke wurhm uj 18=? vkrcufio ueh 1829 hmfieftfv eaib_fld `fl Huurstmhm vmrcmot (Wae Ftmrske 167>, 0> ueh 086 jftAej. 11), hfm Jezm 18?9 khmr sptmstmes (Aegaeo) Laeuar 18?8.Geg Labrm sptmr mrsuibt hfm Ytaht ]trmibt hme @fsibkg, hfm Jezmwfmhmr eaib Pbmeme zu vmrcmome, wk`mf sfm aushridcfib aug hfmwmefostmes zuj Xmfc aus hmr ueoestfome Ormezcaom Pbmemesrmsuctfmrmehm Arjut hmr Ytaht ueh hfm wfrtsibagtcfibm A`be-ofodmft fbrmr @romr vke hme Mrtrome hmr Jezstttm bfewmfst.Hmj Mrsuibme wfrh lmhkib efibt metsprkibme (Wae Ftmrske 167>,008=) . Xatsibcfib sibmfet hmr Baehmc fe Pbmeme fj 19. ueh 18.Labrbuehmrt efibt smbr ujgaeormfib omwmsme zu smfe, was WaeFtmrske zugkcom jft aug accomjmfem Metwfidcueome lmemr \mftzuridzugbrme fst (m`h. 010).


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M F E C M F X ] E O

zuj Kpgmr fimc,9>skwfm drfmomrfsibm Mrmfoefssm tatmemfe `rfoms.91Wmrsuibm, hme _kbcstaeh hmr Ytaht huribYtfjucfmrueo vke _accgabrtme zur bc. Iuemra ueh huribMferfibtueo mfems ^gmrhmjardts zu bm`me, battme eurvkr`mrombmeh Mrgkco.90Cm`mesoruehcaom hmr jmfstmeMfewkbemr war ueh `cfm` hfm Caehwfrtsibagt,99bufio feGkrj dkj`fefmrtmr (Aidmràu ueh Wfmbzuibt) @mtrfm`m,

hfm hme Wkrtmfc battme, ha hmr aegaccmehm Jfst acs He-omr zur Jmcfkratfke hmr aug hme Beome hms ]trmibtsmBmuvmcruo omcmomeme Aidmrparzmccme vmrwmehmtwmrhme dkeetm. Ymft mtwa Jfttm hms 1?. Labrbuehmrtswurhm auib Xaàd aeomàut,98kbem ha hfms lmhkib zumfemr jmrdcfibme Ytmfomrueo hms _kbcstaehs omgbrt zuba`me sibmfet. Yk `cfm` hfm _ach`mwmfhueo fe Pbmeme`fs Aegaeo hms 0>. Labrbuehmrts `mstmbme, `mvkr sfm fjPabjme hmr _fmhmrauggkrstueosjaeabjme aug hmjBmuvmcruo mfeomstmcct wurhm.9=

1.9 Methmidueo hms Or`mrgmchms uehGkrsibueosomsibfibtmHas Or`mrgmch cfmot aj wmstcfibme Krtsausoaeoaug hmr Gcaedm hms ]trmibtsm Bmuvmcruo, hmr bfmr hmeEajme Hkehmr`mrotrot.97Has Omcehm gcct stmfc vkeEkrh(ekrhwmst) eaib Yh(shkst) a`. \u @mofee hms0>. Labrbuehmrts wurhm bfmr Xaàd aeomàut. Eaib

hmj \wmftme _mctdrfmo skcctm has Armac zur Yaehom-wfeeueo aòmtraome wmrhme, was zur Methmidueo hmsOr`mrgmchms gbrtm. Hfm Yaehomwfeeueo wurhm eaibhmr Ausoraùeo vke 16=1 efibt wfmhmr augomekjjme,sk ha eur mfe Ytrmfgme hms ae hfm Ytram ormezmehmeOr`mrgmchtmfcs sptmrme Mrwmftmrueosar`mftme zujKpgmr omgaccme fst. Eaib 16=1 wurhm hfm ârzmccm vke

Pfldswatmrstaatae ^rfvatpmrskeme vmrpaibtmt. _brmehhmr Eaibuetmrsuibueo 166= zmfotm sfib, ha hfm @khme-k`mrffibm fezwfsibme mtwa >,=>-->,?= j tfmgmr cao acszur \mft hmr Ausoraùeo vke 16=14 ^ffuospurme paraccmczuj Baeo hmutme haraug bfe, ha mfe Xmfc hms Oruehstacwrts aòmrutsibt smfe daee.9?\uj \mftpuedt hmrEaibuetmrsuibueo war hfm arzmccm efibt fe Om`rauib.

1.9.1 Hfm AusoraùeoHfm `mtrmggmehm ârzmccm92war vkj efmhmrcehfsibmeYtaat aeomdaugt wkrhme, ha ae hfmsmr Ytmccm hfm Ytramvmr`rmftmrt ueh ocmfibzmftfo jft hmj `mf hmr A`traoueogrmfdkjjmehme Yaeh mrbbt wmrhme skcctm.96Eaib uehaugorueh hmr Aegaeo Hmzmj`mr 16=> mrgkcotme Gueh-jmchueo8>wurhm hfm Yaehomwfeeueo ae hfmsmr Ytmccm`mmehmt ueh has Omcehm hmj PK@gr hfm Ausoraùeozur Wmrgoueo omstmcct. Hfm uetmr wfssmesibagtcfibmrCmftueo vke Hr. Ocazmja stmbmehm Oraùeo gaeh

06 Hfm \abc hmr mf hmr mstmpfhmjfm vke 19=6 ujomdkjjmeme @r-omr war sk ork, ha has @morèfsrftuac aeompat wmrhme jutm, 00.

9> \u ]jgaeo ueh Bfetmrorueh hmr @raehdatastrkpbm hms Labrms18>> voc. Wae Ftmrske 167>, 00, 2? ueh `ms. 1198.

91 Wae Ftmrske 1690, =0 skwfm ?9 jft Aej. 14 167>, 1=9, 1=? skwfm 0=>1jft Aej. 18. Pbmeme war wabrsibmfecfib fj 18. Labrbuehmrt acsOrmezgmstueo hms Emhmrstfibt, hms shstcfibme, ueomgbr hmrbmutfome rkvfez ]trmibt metsprmibmehme Xmfcs hms hajacfome@fstujs ]trmibt, ausomàut wkrhme, was hmr Ytaht zwar mfemomwfssm @mhmutueo vmrcfmb, fbr a`mr auib hfm Bauptcast jaeibmrAeorfggm mfetruo. Eaibhmj Dafsmr Darc W. 1=89 skwkbc Bmrr hmsEmhmrstfibtacs auib hms aeormezmehme Omcrm omwkrhme war, vmrckrsfm fbrm Guedtfke. Hfm `mrmfts fe hmr mrs tme Bcgtm hms 17. Labrbue-hmrts gmststmccàrm, aug wfrtsibagtcfibm Orehm zuridzugbrmehmWmreaibcssfoueo hms ]etmrbacts hmr Gms tueoswmrdm smtztm sfibharaugbfe vmrstrdt gkrt4 hfmsm wurhme auib efibt jmbr jkhmr-efsfmrt (Wae Ftmrske 167>, 09, 109, 18==2). Woc. auib hfm gkcomehmAejmrdueo.

90 Hfm fj 18. Labrbuehmrt `mokeemem baehsibrfgtcfibm `mrcfmgmrueohmr Iuemracmomehm eabj smft hmj 1=. Labrbuehmrt mrbm`cfib ae]jgaeo zu. Ymft hmr zwmftme Bcgtm hfmsms Labrbuehmrts ct sfibgmststmccme, ha Pbmeme zuembjmeh jft (aeom`cfibme) _uehmr-bmfcueome Iuemras uj rmcfofsme \ustrkj wfr`t. Aegeocfib rmibt

mrgkcormfib, vmrckr hfm Ytaht wbrmeh hms 17. Labrbuehmrts fj \uomhmr sfib aus`fchmehme Pmgkrjatfke fbrm @mhmutueo acs _accgabrts-krt wfmhmr (Wae Ftmrske 167>, 189 skwfm 0=07). Hfm Mferfibtueomfems ^gmrhmjardts 1==0 beot jfttmcàr m`megaccs jft hmr Iuem-racmomehm zusajjme, ha zu hme vke hmr Bmfcfome vmrrfibtmtme_uehmre auib hfm Bmfcueo draedmr ^gmrhm ombrtm. DkedrmtmrAeca war hfm Xatsaibm, ha hfm Ytaht augorueh efibt ebmr om-eaeetmr drfmomrfsibmr Mrmfoefssm hmr Wmroaeomebmft stard vmrarjtwar ueh augorueh hms Gmbcmes aehmrmr Mrwmr`szwmfom eur mfemarjm caehtstaht war. Fe jmrdwrhfomj Dketrast bfmrzu stmbthfm dkekjfsibm ]etmràuueo hms Mrsuibmes uj Wmrcmfbueo hmsomeaeetme Jardtrmibts< mfe hmrartfomr ^gmrhmjardt smf traoàr,ha mf hme _accgabrtme zur bc. Iuemra feemrbac` vke aibt Xaomeaccmfem hurib mfe mfezfoms Ytahttkr `mrmfts i a. 19>> Omspaeem Pbm-eme `msuibtme ueh hfm \abc hmr fe hfmsmj \mftrauj fe hmr Ytahtaewmsmehme ^gmrhm aug fesomsajt mtwa 10 >>> omsibtzt wmrhmedeem (Wae Ftmrske 167>, 1079>, `ms. 1029>). Hfm Arjut Pbmemeszur hajacfome \mft fccustrfmrt mfe Dkjjmetar hmr @romrsibagt aughas Om`kt, hfm Omùhm fe hmr Ytaht jft efibt `rmeeàrmj Jatm-rfac zu hmidme< jft Auseabjm hmr ae hmr Bmrmestraat wkbemehme@romr smfme sfm hazu fieaezfmcc efibt fe hmr Caom (zftfmrt mf WaeFtmrske 167>, 086 Aej. 6).

99 Woc. Wae Ftmrske 167>, 082.98 Wae Ftmrske 16864 167>, 0=271. Gr hme Pidoaeo hms Xaà-

daeàus fj 0>. Labrbuehmrt fe hmr ^rkvfez ]trmibt wmrhme vmr-sibfmhmem ]rsaibme aeomgbrt (Wae Ftmrske 1686, 19184 Wae hm@uet 1672). Fe Pbmeme smc`st wurhm ekib 1672 fe `msibmfhmemj]jgaeo Xaàd aeomàut (Wae hm @uet 1672) .

9= Woc. bfmrzu Wae Ftmrske 1690, =92 ueh 1010.97 Mfem jocfibm Mrdcrueo hms Xkpkeyjs Hkehmr`mro mf Wae Ftmr-

ske 167>, 177.9? Hfm urspreocfibm Bbm hmr @khmek`mrffibm hms Omcehms war

fj erhcfib ae has aribkckofsib uetmrsuibtm Xmrrafe aesibcfmme-hme _achstid acs efmhrfom Ytugm mrbactme. Wke hme 16=1 ausom-ora`meme Gcibme wurhm wbrmeh hmr Eaibuetmrsuibueo wmefojmbr acs hmr @khme aeomtrkggme.

92 Fj Datastmr uetmr YmitfmBer. 9>>6 (vkrbmr 1708) mfeomtraome.96 _kibme`mrfibt vkj 1=.0>. 1. 16=1 (mrstm Oraùeoswkibm). Yk-

wmft efibt aehmrs aeomom`me, sfeh hfm fe hfmsmj araorapbmeomeaeetme Aeoa`me hmr aribfvfmrtme Dkrrmspkehmez metekjjme(Dkrrmspkehmezaribfv PK@, Xmfcaribfv ]trmibt, Hkssfmr OmjmfehmPbmeme). Aug mfem Aeoa`m hmr mfezmceme Aribfvstidm wfrh vmr-zfibtmt.

8> Has IAAemeet acs Hatuj gr hfm Guehjmchueo Hmzmj`mr 16=>.Ha hmr hajacfom Hfrmdtkr hms PK@, Hr. ^. Ocazmja, `mrmfts aj ?.Hmzmj`mr fe mfemj @rfmg ae hme Pfldshfmest vkkr hm ]ftvkmrfeo vae

_mrdmeuj \ustfjjueo `fttmt, hfm gr mfem fe ]trmibt ompcaetmOraùeo `mwfccfotme Jfttmc stat thmssme fe Pbmeme mfesmtzme zuhrgme, ju hfm Guehjmchueo sptmstmes fe hmr mrstme _kibmhms omeaeetme Jkeats mrgkcot smfe. Ymfemr @fttm wurhm uetmr hmr@mhfeoueo metsprkibme, ha hfm Oraùeo hurib rtcfibm Ar`mfts-drgtm huribomgbrt wurhm.


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zwfsibme Laeuar ueh Mehm Luef 16=181statt ueh staehvke Aegaeo ae uetmr stardmj \mfthruid.80Hmr ortmXmfc hms Or`mrgmchms, hfm Gcibme 1 `fs (mfesibcfmcfib;) 12, wurhm zwfsibme Laeuar ueh Aprfc 16=1 ausom-ora`me,89fj Jaf ueh Luef gkcotme ekib hfm Gcibme16 ueh 0>.88Hfm k`mrstm, hurib jkhmreme Om`rauibomstrtm Yibfibt Orueh wurhm jft mfemj Ormfgàoomr

aòmtraome, hfm `rfome Ar`mftme omsibabme vke Baeh.Hfm Eujmrfmrueo hmr mfoa`megbrmehme Or`mr mr-cau`t Pidsibcssm aug hfm Ar`mftswmfsm wbrmeh hmrOraùeo. Ms zmfot sfib, ha hfm Oraùeo fe hrmf orkmA`sibefttm zmrgcct. Ocmfibzmftfo `mar`mftmt wurhmehmjeaib hfm Gcibme 1 `fs 9 (A`sibeftt mfes), 8 `fs 17(A`sibeftt zwmf) ueh smbr wabrsibmfecfib auib 1? `fs0> (A`sibeftt hrmf),8=mfem Xatsaibm, hfm sfib auib harfewfhmrspfmomct, ha eur hfm Caom hmr Gcibme 8 `fs 17zumfeaehmr fe mfemr Ydfzzm gmstombactme wkrhme fst. Has@mstmbme hfmsmr Ydfzzm ueh hfm ocmfibzmftfom Ar`mft ae

vmrsibfmhmeme Gcibme,87hfm wmhmr gkr tcaugmeh eujm-rfmrt ekib fe fbrme Jame mfebmftcfib sfeh, zmfome, hahas omsajtm Omcehm mrst fj Caugm hmr Mrhar`mftme feGcibme uetmrtmfct wkrhme war. Lm eaib Hmutcfibdmft hmr@mguehm fj ^caeuj wurhm(e) prk Gcibm mfe khmr zwmf^caea aeomcmot48?aug ^rkficm ueh Yibefttm hurib @m-guehm wurhm aesibmfemeh wmftmstombmeh vmrzfibtmt.82

Battm jae aegaeos accm Wmrgrùeome huribeujmrfmrt(rjfsibm \fggmre), augorueh hmr Gccm hmr @mguehm ofeojae mrmfts fe mfemj grbme Ytahfuj hmr Oraùeohazu `mr, eur ekib hfm `mfoa`megbrmehme Or`mrhuribzuzbcme (ara`fsibm \fg gmre hmr Oraùeoshkdu-jmetatfke)4 hfm `rfome Or`mr mrbfmctme hme Wmrjmrd`mfoa`mecks.86Hfm Wmrtmfcueo augmfeaehmrgkcomehmrOraèujjmre `mr vmrsibfmhmem Gcibme of`t mfemeMfe`cfid fe hme Gkrtoaeo hmr Oraùeo ueh `fmtmt hajftmfem wfccdkjjmem Mroezueo hmr wmefome dkedrmtmeAeoa`me hmr _kibme`mrfibtm.=>Hmjeaib wurhm

81 _fssmesibagtcfibm Cmftueo< Guehaugeabjmgkrjucar IAA. `mr mfemjocfibm @mtmfcfoueo Vpmys ae hmr Oraùeo mstmbme dmfemrcmfAeoa`me4 jehcfibm Ausdegtm wfhmrsprmibme sfib. Ymfem uetmr-sibfmhcfibme ueh, wfm wmftmr uetme omzmfot wmrhme skcc, tmfcwmfsmaug mfemr gacsibme Aeeabjm asfmrmehme Pmdkestrudtfkeme hmsOr`mrgmchpcaes cassme mfem uejfttmcàrm @mtmfcfoueo Vpmys ae hmrAusoraùeo zujfehmst hmr Gcibme 1 fs 12 mbmr uewabrsibmfecfibmrsibmfeme. Has Oraùeostaomùib metbct eur gr hfm _kibmevkj 1=. Laeuar fs zuj 00. Jrz 16=1 _kibme`mrfibtm. Wkr`mrfibtm`mr hfm Oraùeo (lmwmfcs s.v. Pbmeme)< @PK@1/16=1, 98 ueh meoc.\usajjmegassueo4 0/16=1, 84 9 /16=1, 198 ueh Y. 09 hmr meoc.\usajjmegassueo4 metstmccmehm Harstmccueo hmr Oraùeo `mfAhrfaaes 16=1, RRW. @mrmfts fj Hmzmj`mr sibmfeme aug hmj Omcehmhmr Ausoraùeo Ar`mftme huribomgbrt wkrhme zu smfe, hkibct sfib aus hme wmefome Aeoa`me fe hmr Dkrrmspkehmez efibtmetembjme, wkrfe hfmsm mstaehme ba`me. Has Labr hmr Oraùeowfrh fe jaeibme u`cfdatfkeme (u.a. Ocazmja & Vpmy 16==, Y. 0 hmrMfecmftueo) ueh @rfmgme hms PK@gcsibcfib jft 16=0 aeomom`me.

80 Fe mfemj @rfmg vkj 6. Jrz 16=1 wfms hmr zustehfom @majtm hmsPfldshfmest vkkr hm ]ftvkmrfeo vae _mrdmehmePK@haraug bfe, hahfmsmr a` mtwa (Mehm Jrz `fs) Aegaeo Aprfc jft mfemj mtappme-wmfsme Pidzuo hmr zur Wmrgoueo omstmcctme Ar`mftsdrgtm zurmibeme ba`m, ha sfm aehmrwmftfo mfeomsmtzt wrhme. Ha ms efibtmrst zu hfmsmj \mftpuedt zu mfemj Jaeomc ae Ar`mftsdrgtmedaj, zmfot mfe @rfmgwmibsmc vke Jfttm/Mehm Gm`ruar hmssmc`meLabrms, fe hmj has ^radtfduj mfems aribkckofsibme Jftar`mftmrsaus hmr ^rkvfez Gcmvkcaeh `fs zuj 9. Jrz 16=1 vmrceomrt wurhm.Hmj Oraùeostaomùib fst zu metembjme, ha fe hmr mrstme_kibm hmr Oraùeo (1=.0>. 1.) 9= ueh a` hmr zwmftme _kibm ekibbibstmes 12 Ar`mftsdrgtm (00.0?. 1.< 12 Ar`mftsdrgtm4 =.1>. 0. jft hmj Ausprparfmrmevmrsibfmhmemr Or`mr `msibgtfot sfeh. Fe mfemj @rfmg vkj 01.Ymptmj`mr hmssmc`me Labrms wfrh aumrhmj mrwbet, ha wb-rmeh hmr Aewmsmebmft hmr Mxdursfkestmfcembjmr mfem sptrjf-sibm Ortmcoareftur om`krome wurhm. Aus hmj Dketmxt hms @rfmgsskwfm mfemr Ektfz Vpmys vkj 01. 6. 16=9 ct sfib a`cmftme, ha mssfib bfmr`mf wabrsibmfecfib uj hfm Ortmcoareftur aus Ora` 212baehmctm. Aus hmr vmrgoàrme Oraùeoshkdujmetatfke ctsfib efibt mrsmbme, k` hfm omsajtm Oraùeo kbem âusm hurib-omgbrt wurhm khmr k` jft mfemr khmr jmbr ]etmr`rmibueo(me)omrmibemt wmrhme ju.

8= Hfm Eujmrfmrueo hmr Or`mr fe hme Gcibme 1?, 16 ueh 0> wmfst,fj Omomesatz zu hmeme hmr `rfome Gcibme, dmfem `mrsibemf-hueome aug. Ms fst hmsbac` jocfib, ha hfmsm Gcibme efibt

ocmfibzmftfo, skehmre eaibmfeaehmr `mar`mftmt wurhme. Hmeekibhrgtme hfm Gcibme 1? `fs 0> acs mfe Ar`mftsa`sibeftt zu `mtraib-tme smfe.

87 Hfm mfezmceme Gcibme aug hmr Ydfzzm wmfsme uetmrsibfmhcfibmYibragfimrueo aug, hfm jft mfezmceme Ar`mftssibrfttme zusajjme-beome deetm. Ocmfibzmftfo mar`mftmt wurhme hmjeaib hfm Gc-ibme 8 ueh ?, hfm Gcibme 2 ueh 6 (ueh 1>;), hfm Gcibme (1> ueh;)11, 10 ueh 18 skwfm hfm Gcibme (= ueh 7 ueh;) 19, 1= ueh 17, wk`mf fehmr Ydfzzm vmrjmrdt fst, ha Gcibm 1= `mrmfts aòmar`mftmt war.Hmrsmc`m \mttmc wmfst mfem Ydfzzm hms fe Gcibm 19 wabromekjjm-eme Ora`ms 777 aug.

8? Mfe ^caeuj< Gcibme =, 7, 10, 1?, 12, 16 ueh 0>4 wabrsibmfecfib zwmf^caea, augorueh hmr vkrbaehmeme Oraùeoshkdujmetatfke efibtjmbr jft Yfibmrbmft gms tzustmccme< Gcibme 1 fs mfesibcfmcfib9. Wke hme Gcibme 1 ueh 0 wfrh aushridcfib mrwbet, ha hfm@mguehm fe mfemr (Omsajt ;) Gmchzmfibeueo gmstombactme wurhme(Oraùeostaomùib, _kibme`mrfibt vkj 00.0?. 1. 16=1).

82 ^rkficm< Yhwaeh hmr Gcibm 1, Yhwaeh hmr Gcibm 04 Yibefttm Hme _kibme`mrfibtme cassme sfib hfm gkcomehme Aeoa`me zujOraùeosvmrcaug metembjme (zu hme Aeoa`me zur \abc hmr vmrgo-àrme Ar`mftsdrgtm voc. k`me Aej. 804 hfm fj gkcomehme zftfmrtmAugzbcueo mfezmcemr Or`mr msibredt sfib aug skcibm, hfm Ar`mf-tme ae mfemr `mstfjjtme Gcibm mrdmeeme cassme4 wfrh hfm Ar`mft fehmr metsprmibmehme Gcibm acs mmehmt `msibrfm`me, uetmr`cmf`thfm Emeeueo hmr Or`mr)< 1=.0>. Laeuar


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wbrmeh hmr Oraùeo gast fjjmr fe zwmf `fs vfmr Gc-ibme ocmfibzmftfo omar`mftmt,=1aesibmfemeh kbem hahfm Gmchzmfibeueome hmr sfm ujom`mehme Eaibàrff-ibme ha`mf zu Patm omzkome wkrhme sfeh.=0@mf zabcrmf-ibme Or`mre wurhme hfm Guehm eur cfstmejfo mrgat4wk fbrm Caom hkdujmetfmrt wurhm, omsibab hfms zujXmfc aug hme Gmchzmfibeueome, zuj Xmfc auib pbktkora-

pbfsib=9ueh/khmr fe uejast`cfibme Ydfzzme zw. augOra`dartme, eur hfm Or`mr 8?> ueh 280 wurhme mxadtmfeomjmssme.=8Fesomsajt wurhm feemrbac` vke mtwa00 _kibme mfem Gcibm vke ia. 10=> j0aribkckofsibuetmrsuibt.==Wke hmr Oraùeo ausomekjjme war hfmYtmccm, ae hmr mfem Yibmuem staeh. =7

1.9.0 Hkdujmetatfke, Gueh`mar`mftueo ueh mrstmwfssmesibagtcfibm AeacysmHfm wbrmeh hmr Ausoraùeo aeomgmrtfotm Hkdujme-tatfke fst ausomsprkibme deapp ombactme ueh vmrrtfe fbrmr Ydfzzmebagtfodmft hmutcfib hme \mfthruid, uetmrhmj hfm Ar`mftme ausomgbrt wurhme. Yfm fst auibeaib A`sibcu hmr Oraùeo eur uevkccstehfo=?ueh

z.X. hmutcfib a`wmfibmeh ausomar`mftmt wkrhme.=2Auggaccmeh sfeh `mf hmr Ausar`mftueo hmr Ora`dartmevkromekjjmem Wmrehmrueome hmr Guehcaome,=6hfmkggmesfibtcfib havke bmrrbrme, ha hfm Ausor`mr vkemfemj stard ekrjfmrtme @mor`fsrftuac ausofeome, hassfib uetmr aehmrmj fe mfemr gmstme Guehcaom vkr accmjhmr uetmrsibfmhcfibme Xraibt`mstaehtmfcm jaefgmstfmr-tm.7>Habmr ju vmrjutmt wmrhme, ha `mf hmr sptmrme]jsmtzueo cfstmejfo mrgatmr Ora`fevmetarm feOra`dartme hfm Harstmccueo eur smbr `mhfeot hme ur-spreocfibme _abrembjueome metsprfibt.71

fe Gcibm 1> (Emeeueo mfems Pfeosibcssmcs eaib rjfsibmjJkhmcc4 metsprmibmehm Guehm cfmome aus hme Or`mre 17> TGcibm0Z ueh =6= TGcibm 1>Z vkr, efibt lmhkib aus mfemj Ora` hmr Gcibm2)4 10.1?. Jrz ueh 11 mmehmt, Ar`mft aeGcibm 10 (fehfrmdtm Aeoa`m hurib @mgueh`msibrmf ueo)4 16.00.Jrz Jasta` 1, Ora` 280 Jasta` 1. Hfm `rfomePbmememr Or`mr sfeh fj Jasta` 1 aug hme Gmchzmfibeueomegmstombactme wkrhme, wk`mf jaeibm (Gmch ) \mfibeueome hfmQuacftt vke mssmrme Ydfzzme ba`me. Wke Auseabjme aòmsmbme,sfeh wmhmr jocfibmrwmfsm vkrbaehmem Ydmcmttrmstm ekib hfmGuehm vkccstehfo fe hfm Gmchzmfibeueome mfeomtraome wkrhme4wk hfms hkib omsibab, fst hfm Ckdacfsfmrueo feemrbac` hmr Ora`-oru`m jmfst efibt smbr omeau. Mroezmeh wurhme hfm Ydmcmttrmstmueh Guehm wfmhmruj fe Auswabc `mf jaeibme Or`mre augsko. Ora`dartme vmrzmfibemt, hfm mfe ausomstrmidtms Ydmcmtt fermibtmidfomr Oru`m zmfome, mfhms kbem Jasta`. Mfe Xmfc hmrOra`dartme gmbct4 aemdhktfsibmr `mrcfmgmrueo zugkcom sfeh sfmvmr`raeet wkrhme. _k mfhm Hatmestzm vkrcfmome, jssme sfm mfhmr wmftmrme Fetmrprmtatfke dkj`fefmrt wmrhme. Woc. bfmrzu auibuetme âr. 1.9.0 jft Aej. =6.

== Has Labr hmr Oraùeo, hfm Jam hms uetmrsuibtme Omcehms uehhfm Or`mrzabc wmrhme skwkbc fe û`cfdatfkeme acs auib fe hmrDkrrmspkehmez hms PK@uetmrsibfmhcfib aeomom`me. Hfm bfmr omom-`meme Hatme metstajjme hmr vkrcfmomehme ]etmrsuibueo.

=7 @rfmg Ocazmjas vkj 2. Gm`ruar 16=8 ae Pfldswatmrstaat, fe hmjmr haruj `fttmt, vkr Wmrdaug hms Omcehms hfm Ytmccm, ae hmr hfmYibmuem staeh, uetmrsuibme zu hrgme. Ms cfmome dmfem Aeoa`mevkr, k` hfmsm Mroezueosoraùeo huribomgbrt wkrhme fst._brmeh hmr Dketrkccoraùeo dkeetm 166= hfm Ytmccm, ae hmr hfmYibmuem omstaehme battm, ckdacfsfmrt wmrhme4 sfm `mfiehmt sfib au-mrbac` hmr Oraùeosormezme vke 16=1, Ypurme mfemr mvmetumccmeAusoraùeo wurhme efibt `mkàibtmt. Aug ^bktks hmr Oraùeo16=1 sfeh aumrhmj wmefostmes zwmf dcmfemrm Bkczomùhm fjOraùeosarmac zu smbme. ]e`mdaeet fst, k` hfm Ytmccme, ae hmemesfm omstaehme ba`me, aribkckofsib uetmrsuibt wkrhme sfehueh wmee la, waee hfms haee omsibab. Hmr omeaum ^catz hfmsmrOmùhm wurhm 166= efibt gmstomstmcct, was mfemrsmfts aug hfm@mormeztbmft hmr Dketrkccoraùeo (voc. uetme Dap. 0.0) zuridzu-gbrme smfe hrgtm ueh jocfibmrwmfsm auib aug mfem (smbr) ffaibmGuehajmetfmrueo, hfm augorueh hmr fezwfsibme tfmgmrcfmomehme@khmek`mrffibm efibt jmbr eaibwmfsàr omwmsme wrm.

=? Aussibcfmcfib fe Pmfesibrfgt cfmome hfm _kibme`mrfibtm vkr, mf

hmeme sfib efibt jmbr gmststmccme cfm, k` ms grbmrm Metwrgmomom`me bat. Yibwfmrfo fst hfm @murtmfcueo hmr m`megaccs eur(eki

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