Mildred van der Zwan Architect - TUDelft

Valerie Ou Engineer – Stanford

Diego Aviles Construction Manager - Stanford

Daniel Kwon Apprentice – Stanford

Brooke Barrett Owner - DPR

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Wave 2001

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Architect’s Vision

• Flexible building and workplaces

• Central areas for interaction

• Ocean view

• Context

Architect Engineer CM

New Design 1 • Undeveloped circulation• High Tech

• Clear structural grid• Possible difficulty casting slope slab

• Excavation required for Auditorium• High cost of the exterior (glass)• Possible savings by exposing slab

New Design 2

• Good organization, elegant, interesting for good detail

• Structure integrated with architecture• No visual intrusion to architectural components

• High learning curve due to the symmetry of the structure• No excavation required for auditorium

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Matrix

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3D Model

auditorium classrooms lab seminar computer offices lounge storage MEP elevator

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Floor 1

auditorium classrooms lab seminar computer offices lounge storage MEP elevator

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Floor 2

auditorium classrooms lab seminar computer offices lounge storage MEP elevator

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Floor 3

A”

A

B”B

B”B

A”A

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Section

0 100 200 300 400

Faculty offi ces

Chair offi ce

Sen.adm. Offi ce

Secretaries

Lounge

Student offi ces

Auditorium

Large classrooms

Small classrooms

Seminar

LAB

Computer

Technical support

Storage

Required space Performance space

Large classrooms:

Sloped, 2 exits, 65 seats

Auditorium:

sloped, 5 exits, 197 seats

All classrooms, LAB, Computer: ocean view

All offices:

daylight

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Building Performance

Design wind speed: V33 = 80mph

• NBCC (National Building Code of Canada)

• Most severe case: North wind Wind parallel to corridor

Design snow load:• Uniformly distributed load

• 25psf

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Structural Requirements

•Steel Moment resisting frame

•3” 20GA full composite slab

•12m girder, column/column span

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Final Structural Solution

Beam : W18X35

Girder: W24X76

Column: W14X48

Foundation Design

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• Spread footings :1.5m X 1.5m X 60cm

• Grade beams: 30 cm X 60cm

Architectural/Structural Integration

Column!!

• No structure element intrusion in architectural space in 1st and 2nd floor

•One column intruded flexible offices are, but acceptable to architect

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Architectural/Structural Integration

Architect Engineer

•Elevator Check for beam & girder location and frame around slab opening

•Sloped slab Design supporting structure for gravity load

•Conventional Truss: Double angles

•Truss Spacing: 20’ oc

•Purlin Spacing: 5’oc EW, 7oc NS

•Simple connections to main structure

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Final Roof Design: Structure

N

•Sloping N-S direction

•Suction effect due to North wind at wing trusses—uplifting

•Compression on end trusses

L 2X2 ½ X 5/16 L 2X2 ½ X 3/16

N

WIND

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Roof Design: Truss Configuration

WIND

L 2X2 ½ X 3/16

L 2X2 ½ X 3/16

N

WIND

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Roof Design: Truss Configuration con’t

L 2X2 ½ X 3/16L 2X2 ½ X 3/16

• Sloping E-W direction

• Wind parallel to ridge suction effect

• Uplifting at connections

• Purlin size: C 9X20

• 1 ½” steel deck

•Expanded perlite and fibers impregnated with integral asphalt waterproofing

• 2hr fire rating with 1” slab

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Roof Design: Truss Configuration con’t

Truss / Truss connection Deck/channel/truss connection

Truss member connection Truss end connection

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Roof Connections

Girder to column connection Moment connection

Beam to column connection Column to footing connection

Structure Connections

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• P-d effect included• Story drift : 1.2 in

• Large horizontal shear force at truss/structure connection

Structural Analysis:

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• Truss element forces are verified by MASTAN

• Average element force ranging from 10 kips to 50 kips

Pro’s Cons

•Minimum space intrusion

•Flexible future upgrades

•Simple structure

• Deep beams and girderslimiting floor to ceiling height• Conservative structural member sizes

Pro’s and Cons

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• Budget: $5.5 Million in 2015 (4.6 Million PV)

• Time Constraints:

• 1 year (construction duration )

• Computer Lab Occupied by May 30, 2016

• Preserve Architecture

Construction Objectives

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Site Plan

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CraneDump Truck

Excavator

Material Handler

Concrete Pump Truck

Construction Equipment

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4D Simulation

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Milestone 1

Foundation (week 5)

Schedule - Milestones

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Milestone 2

Set HVAC Equipment (week 18)

Schedule - Milestones

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Milestone 3

Exterior Closure (week 24)

Schedule - Milestones

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Milestone 4

Project Completion

(week 31)

Schedule - Milestones

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• Total Pre-construction Time: 8 months

• Total Construction Duration: 7 months

• Milestones: – Foundation (by June 30, 2015)– Exterior Closure (by November 30, 2015)– Project Completion (by January 15, 2016)

• Time savings achieved by:– Simple Foundation– Steel Structure– On time Enclosure

Schedule Analysis

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Summary of Cost Estimate

Cost Items: Unit Unit Cost Quantity Total % of Total Cost1 Foundation

Footing Excavation - Spread/Strip CY $100.00 110 $11,000 Spread/Strip Footings CY $250.00 110 $27,500 1.18%

2 Substructure Slab on Grade - 5 in. SF $6.20 10,108 $62,670 1.92%

3 Superstructure Structural Steel (18#/sf) TON $1,750.00 273 $477,750 Metal Deck SF $2.00 30,324 $60,648 Concrete Fill over Deck SF $2.40 30,324 $72,778 Fire Proofing SF $1.40 30,324 $42,454 21.17% Miscellaneous Iron FLT $1,000.00 4 $4,000 Stairs FLT $8,500.00 4 $34,000

4 Exterior Closure Walls SF $11.15 16,416 $183,038 Exterior Wall Finishes SF $8.95 16,416 $146,923 15.81% Windows and Glazed Walls SF $29.86 6,250 $186,625

5 Roofing Insulation SF $0.94 10,108 $9,502 Pre-finished Metal SF $21.05 15,928 $335,284 10.55%

6 Interior Construction Partitions (Drywalls & Plastered) SF $7.50 15,100 $113,250 Partitions (Glazed Openings) SF $1,290.00 70 $90,300 Wall Finishes SF $7.35 15,100 $110,985 18.08% Ceiling, Floor Finishes SF $8.25 30,324 $250,173 Interior Doors EA $540.00 48 $25,920

7 Conveying Elevator EA $60,000.00 1 $60,000 1.84%8 MEP

Mechanical SF $10.45 30,324 $316,886 Plumbing FIXTURE $4,000.00 65 $260,000 Fire Protection SF $2.25 30,324 $68,229 29.45% Electrical SF $10.45 30,324 $316,886

Structural Cost Subtotal $611,176Allowable Structural Budget $323,154Subtotal Construction Cost $3,266,800General Conditions @ 15% (OH & Profit) $490,020Total Cost in Year 2001 $3,756,820

Cost per SF $124Allowable Budget for 30,324 SF $3,590,600

Cost per SF $118

$611,176

$3,756,820

Construction Estimate

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1.18 1.92

21.17

18.08

1.84

29.45

15.81

10.55

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35 Foundation

Substructure

Superstrucutre

Exterior Closure

Roofing

Interior Construction

Conveying

MEP

Total Construction Cost: $3,756,820

Cost Distribution

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• Where are the main costs?– Superstructure (Roof-Truss)– Larger Surface Area (2,736 sf)

• How did we save?– Simple Foundation– Avoided Mass Excavation (Bedrock)– Local Wood Facade

Cost Analysis

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$3,756,820 $3,590,600

Chiller• 60 Tons Nominal

Capacity

• Dimensions:• Length = 9.5ft• Width = 7.3ft• Height = 6.5ft• Weight = 2465/3010 lbs

Equipment Specifications (1)

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Air Handling Unit• 120 Tons with 20,000 CFM airflow

• Dimensions:– Length = 12.4 ft– Width = 6 ft– Height = 8 ft(– Weight = 8,000 lbs

Equipment Specifications (2)

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MEP Layout

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Floor 1

Floor 2 Floor 3

A

E

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Team Process: Roof Design

Lessons Learned

• Explanation of concepts in other disciplines

• Good design requires interaction and collaboration

• Technology is only as good as the user

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Thank You

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A Carel Weeber (TUDelft), Rutger Smook (TUDelft), Sevil Sariliydize (TUDelft), Dennis Scott

(MBT), David Bendett (MBT), Bart Luiten (HBG), Bart van der Pot (HBG), Cor Notenboom (HBG)

E Greg Luth (KLAA), Shilin Jiang (KLAA), Eduardo Miranda (Stanford)

C Eric Horn (Webcor Builders), Bob Tatum (Stanford) and Eduardo Miranda (Stanford)