vowels are phonemes that are produced without any appreciable constriction or blockage of air flow...
TRANSCRIPT
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VOWEL TRANSCRIPTION
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WHAT IS A VOWEL?Vowels are phonemes that are produced
without any appreciable constriction or blockage of air flow in the vocal tract.
See Table 4.1 for a description of vowel in English
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VOWEL ARTICULATORS Tongue – primary articulator of vowels Jaw/mandible - movements Pharynx – size and shape
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AIRSTREAM Passes through vocal cavity with
virtually no obstruction by the tongue or other major articulators
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PRODUCTION Vowel phonemes are categorized in
relation to the position of the body of the tongue in the mouthTongue height – refers to how high or low in
the oral cavity the tongue is when producing the vowel.
Tongue advancement – how far forward or backward in the mouth the tongue is when producing a particular vowel
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VOWEL QUADRILATERAL
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VOWEL QUADRILATERAL AND TONGUE
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VOWEL QUADRILATERAL AND TONGUE
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TONGUE POSITIONS
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EMPTY VOWEL CHART
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VOWEL CHART Which IPA symbols go with each
word????
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VOWEL CHART Which IPA symbols go with each
word????
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LIP CONFIGURATION Roundness Retracted
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ROUNDNESS
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TENSENESS Tense – usually longer in duration and
require more muscular effort Capable of ending stressed open syllables
Lax Never end a stressed open syllable
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TENSENESS
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TYPES OF VOWELS Monophones – have one primary
articulatory position in the vocal tract. Diphthongs – have two distinct
articulatory positions; two vowels which comprise oneOnglide – first element of a diphthongOffglide – second element of a diphthong
In English the offglide is produced at a higher position than the onglide
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DIPHTHONGS // // // // //
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Draw lines starting in the onglide and ending in offglide.
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FRONT VOWELS /i/,//, /e/, /e /, //, //
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/i/ Highest and most fronted of all vowel One of the point vowels Lips retracted, Tense – capable of ending one-syllable
open words
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/I/ High vowel Is lax Occurs in closed syllables Used in words with unstressed syllables
ending in “y” – “crazy” or when preceding “ng”
Rhotic vowel /Ir/ “hear”
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/e, e I / High-mid vowel Retracted Tense /e I / - stressed /e I / this diphthong is an allophonic
variation /e I / Used in stressed syllables and at end
of words regardless of stress
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// Known as the Epsilon Low mid front vowel Retracted and lax Often occurs in front of /r/ - “hair”,
“”fair”
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// Lowest of five point vowels Retracted and lax No monosyllable end with //
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FRONT VOWEL SOUNDS VISUALFront vowel sounds
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BACK VOWELS /u/, //, //, //, //, /a
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/u/ One of the two highest vowels (together
with /i/ Considered another point/corner vowel Rounded, tense Found at the end of one syllable words Is preceded by /j/ in words such as
“few,music,few/
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// High vowel Rounded and lax No open syllable ends with // Rhotic vowel /r/ - “tour, lure”
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/o/, /o/ High mid, rounded, tense Like /e/, the stressed form takes a
diphthong /o/, an allophone Similar to /eI/, the /o/ is used with words
that end with this sound
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// Open ‘o’ Rounded, back, tense Not used too much, and usually
replaced by // Rhotic vowel /r/ ‘corn, bored, foreign’
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// Low-back, retracted, tense Point vowel The only retracted back vowel Many used instead of // Rhotic vowel /r/ - bark, art
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CENTRAL VOWELS //, //, //, //, //
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//, // Schwa and turned v Retracted and lax Vocal tract in its most neutral configuration // - unstressed, // stressed Turned v usually does not occur in open syllables
except for the word “the” May be confused for //
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//, // // schwar Rhotacization // Rounded and lax // Rounded and tense, the only central vowels that
is tense, found at the end of one syllable words // Produced in unstressed syllables //Produced in stressed syllables May be confused with other rhotic vowels -/Ir/, /r/
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// Occurs in diphthongs /I/ - ‘kite’