vortrag philippe wampfler didacta hannover 2015
TRANSCRIPT
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Philippe Wampfler, Didacta HannoverGeneration »Social Media«
Wie verändert digitale Kommunikation die Schule?
Bild: Guillaume Rio
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Yik Yak
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Ablauf
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1. Das fundamentale
Problem der Schule
Bild: Samkit D. Shah
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1. Das fundamentale
Problem der SchuleBild: Wikimedia Commons
»non vitae, sed scholae discimus«
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»lernen« oder lernen
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SachverhaltProblem
Suche
Darstellung Austausch
reales Lernen
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Sachverhalt
Traditionelle Didaktik
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Digitale Kluft und BildungskluftBild: Flickr vaXine/CC NY NC
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Chan
cen
I Kom
pete
nzen
Bildungsdauer
»bildungsnah«
»bildungsfern«
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Chan
cen
I Kom
pete
nzen
Bildungsdauer
»bildungsnah«
»bildungsfern«
Digitalisierung
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Chan
cen
I Kom
pete
nzen
Bildungsdauer
»bildungsnah«
»bildungsfern«
Digitalisierung
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Teil 2
Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung
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Konstruktivistisch-konnektivistisches Lernen ist Social Media
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Ziel 2Vorbereitung aufs Berufsleben
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Ziel 3mündiges Mitglied der Gesellschaft
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selbstgesteuerte Autos
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Axiom
Jugendliche nutzen Medien nicht wie Erwachsene das
a) denken b) möchten
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Klassenchat
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Wikipedia
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formaleLerntechniken
informelles Lernen
Schuledigital
WirkungZertifikate
Motivation Arbeitswelt
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Sparrow / Wegener
Das Hirn eines Vogel Strauß‘ ist kleiner als eines seiner Augen.
Gelöscht! Gespeichert! Gespeichert in Ordner X
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Sparrow / Wegener
Wir treten mit unseren digitalen Hilfsmitteln in eine symbiotische Beziehung und erinnern uns immer weniger, indem wir Informationen, und immer stärker, indem wir Speicherorte abrufen. »
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»traditionelle Konzentration«
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X-probe was presented, and participants had to refer to the cuethey maintained in the face of distractors (AX and BX trials):HMMs were 84 ms slower than LMMs to respond to AX trials,t (28) ! "3.27, P # 0.003, and 119 ms slower to respond to BXtrials, t (28) ! "3.25, P # 0.003, yielding a significant LMM/HMM status*presence of distractors interaction, F (1, 28) !5.21, P # 0.03. These data replicate the results from the filtertask, again demonstrating that HMMs are less selective inallowing information into working memory, and are thereforemore affected by distractors. As target trials comprised 70% of all trials in the standard
version of the AX-CPT, the task was also indicative of theparticipants’ ability to withhold prepotent responses, i.e., theirability to withhold a target response on the relatively rare BX orAY trials, each of which constituted only 10% of trials. The lackof significant differences between the groups, reinforced by theabsence of a group difference on the Stop-Signal task (15), t(37) ! "0.15, P $ 0.88, suggests that the two groups do not differin their level of response control.
Filtering Irrelevant Representations in Memory: Two- and Three-BackTasks. In the two- and three-back tasks (16), which examine themonitoring and updating of multiple representations in workingmemory, HMMs showed a significantly greater decrease inperformance (d%) from the two- to the three-back task;task*HMM/LMM status interaction, F (1, 28) ! 4.25, P # 0.05.Interestingly, although both groups showed similar decreases inhit-rates (the number of targets correctly identified) from thetwo-back to the three-back task, F (1, 28) ! 0.14, P $ 0.72 (Fig.3A), HMMs showed a greater increase in their false alarm rate(the number of nontargets incorrectly marked as targets), F (1,28) ! 5.02, P # 0.03 (Fig. 3B). This effect was driven by targetletters that had previously appeared during the task, but wereoutside the range participants were instructed to hold in mem-ory. Specifically, in the three-back task, HMMs were more likelyto false alarm to letters that had more previous appearances, F(1, 13) ! 6.31, P # 0.03. This indicates that the HMMs were more
Fig. 1. The filter task. (A) A sample trial with a 2-target, 6-distractor array.(B) HMM and LMM filter task performance as a function of the number ofdistractors (two targets). Error bars, SEM.
Fig. 2. AX-CPT mean response times in the no-distractors and the distractorsconditions (note that the overall decrease in response times from the nodistractors to the distractors condition is due to greater predictability of probeonset as a result of the rhythmic nature of the distractors; the key data pointis the difference in the distractors condition between LMMs and HMMs). Errorbars, SEM.
Fig. 3. Two- and three-back task results. (A) Hit rates. (B) False alarm rates.Error bars, SEM.
15584 ! www.pnas.org"cgi"doi"10.1073"pnas.0903620106 Ophir et al.
Multitasking
X-probe was presented, and participants had to refer to the cuethey maintained in the face of distractors (AX and BX trials):HMMs were 84 ms slower than LMMs to respond to AX trials,t (28) ! "3.27, P # 0.003, and 119 ms slower to respond to BXtrials, t (28) ! "3.25, P # 0.003, yielding a significant LMM/HMM status*presence of distractors interaction, F (1, 28) !5.21, P # 0.03. These data replicate the results from the filtertask, again demonstrating that HMMs are less selective inallowing information into working memory, and are thereforemore affected by distractors. As target trials comprised 70% of all trials in the standard
version of the AX-CPT, the task was also indicative of theparticipants’ ability to withhold prepotent responses, i.e., theirability to withhold a target response on the relatively rare BX orAY trials, each of which constituted only 10% of trials. The lackof significant differences between the groups, reinforced by theabsence of a group difference on the Stop-Signal task (15), t(37) ! "0.15, P $ 0.88, suggests that the two groups do not differin their level of response control.
Filtering Irrelevant Representations in Memory: Two- and Three-BackTasks. In the two- and three-back tasks (16), which examine themonitoring and updating of multiple representations in workingmemory, HMMs showed a significantly greater decrease inperformance (d%) from the two- to the three-back task;task*HMM/LMM status interaction, F (1, 28) ! 4.25, P # 0.05.Interestingly, although both groups showed similar decreases inhit-rates (the number of targets correctly identified) from thetwo-back to the three-back task, F (1, 28) ! 0.14, P $ 0.72 (Fig.3A), HMMs showed a greater increase in their false alarm rate(the number of nontargets incorrectly marked as targets), F (1,28) ! 5.02, P # 0.03 (Fig. 3B). This effect was driven by targetletters that had previously appeared during the task, but wereoutside the range participants were instructed to hold in mem-ory. Specifically, in the three-back task, HMMs were more likelyto false alarm to letters that had more previous appearances, F(1, 13) ! 6.31, P # 0.03. This indicates that the HMMs were more
Fig. 1. The filter task. (A) A sample trial with a 2-target, 6-distractor array.(B) HMM and LMM filter task performance as a function of the number ofdistractors (two targets). Error bars, SEM.
Fig. 2. AX-CPT mean response times in the no-distractors and the distractorsconditions (note that the overall decrease in response times from the nodistractors to the distractors condition is due to greater predictability of probeonset as a result of the rhythmic nature of the distractors; the key data pointis the difference in the distractors condition between LMMs and HMMs). Errorbars, SEM.
Fig. 3. Two- and three-back task results. (A) Hit rates. (B) False alarm rates.Error bars, SEM.
15584 ! www.pnas.org"cgi"doi"10.1073"pnas.0903620106 Ophir et al.
phwa.ch/ophir
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Dumbphone -> Smartphone
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Herausforderungen
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Verstehen, warum sie tun, was sie tun
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YouNow
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Verstehen, was Geräte und Apps tun
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SnapchatMotherless
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Schlafen
Bild: Zoran Milutinovic
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problematisches Verhalten
problematische Mediennutzung
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Die Angst, etwas zu verpassenFOMO
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Die Angst, etwas zu verpassenFOMO
GrundbedürfnisseAutonomieKompetenz
Geliebt-Werden
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Über Probleme sprechen
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Den Wert von Geduld schätzen lernen
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BullshitHarry G. Frankfurt
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3. Lösungsansätze
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Bild: Dina Belenko
Schule hacken
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Bild: Energi.Design
Portfolios ersetzen Prüfungen
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einfacher
reflektierter
Design von Lernumgebungen
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1. Sharing-Kultur 2. Coaching und Feedback 3. informelles <->
formelles Lernen
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Medien produktiv nutzen
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Vertrauen statt Überwachung
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digitale Pausen anbieten
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SelbstachtsamkeitMediennutzung reflektieren
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nicht verwendete Folien
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Susan Neiman»
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»Victim Blaming« vermeiden
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Das Standardisierungsproblem
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(1) Lernen ist nicht standardisierbar
(2) Menschen sind nicht standardisierbar
(3) Maschinen arbeiten standardisiert
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Context Collapse
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Richard David Precht ORF heute konkret, 16. Oktober 2014 Quelle: facebook.com/heutekonkret
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Eltern verletzen PS
Jugendliche schützen PS nicht
?
Paradox der Privatsphäre
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Medienkompetenz anstreben
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Beziehungen online und offline pflegen
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anders sein als alle anderen
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2. Auswirkungen der
DigitalisierungBild: Soler Riaz
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KonstruktivismusIch und die Welt
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KonnektivismusArbeit in Netzwerken
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n-back-Test
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»non vitae, sed scholae discimus«
Bild: Wikimedia Commons
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Teil 3Lösungsansätze
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Von der Bring- zur Holinformation