BioceramicsVolume 10

Edited by

Laurent SedelLaboratoire de Recherches Orthopediques

Faculte de Medecine Lariboisiere-Saint Louis

Universite Paris 7 - Denis Diderot

Paris, France

Christian ReyEcole Nationale Superieure de ChimieInstitut National Polytechnique de ToulouseToulouse, France

PERGAMON

CONTENTS

CALCIUM PHOSPHATE IN VIVO FORMATION

Precipitation of Calcium Phosphate on Titania Ceramics 3

K-L. Eckert, S.-W. Ha, S. Ritter and E. Wintermantel

Apatite Formation on Polymers by Biomimetic Processing Using SodiumSilicate Solution 7

F. Miyaji, S. Handa, T. Kokubo and T. Nakamura

Bonelike Apatite Formation on the Surface of Chemically Treated TantalumSubstrates: Effect of Heat Treatment 11

T. Miyazaki, H.M. Kim, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo and T. Nakamura

Influence of Hydroxyapatite Particle Size and Morphology on Hapex™ 15

M. Wang, R. Joseph and W. Bonfield

Effect of Fluoride Substitution on the Biocompatibility of Hydroxyapatite 19

K.A. Hing, L. Di-Silvio, I.R. Gibson, C. Ohtsuki, L.J. Jha, S.M. Best andW. Bonfield

Apatite Precipitation in Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramic After Incubationin Rabbit Serum and Ionic Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) 23

R. Rohanizadeh, J.M. Bouler, D. Couchourel, M. Padrines and G. Daculsi

Apatite Precipitation in Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramic AfterImplantation: Influence of Implantation Site 27

R. Rohanizadeh, M. Trecant-Viana, J. Delecrin, J.M. Bouler and G. Daculsi

GLASS CERAMICS BIOACTIVITY

Bioactivity and Structure of Organically Modified Silicate Synthesized by theSol-Gel Method 33

K. Tsuru, S. Hayakawa, C. Ohtsuki and A. Osaka

Hydroxyapatite Formation on Bioactive Glass Coated Titanium 37

C.Y. Kim and S. Kwon

x Contents

Effect of Multivalent Cations in Calcium Silicate Glasses on Bioactivity

N. Imayoshi, C. Ohtsuki, S. Hayakawa and A. Osaka

Transformation of Bioactive Glass Granules into Ca-P Shells In Vitro

S. Radin, P. Ducheyne, S. Falaize and A. Hammond

Multilayered Coatings of Hydroxyapatite/Glass Ceramic Composites PlasmaSprayed on Ti-6A1-4V Alloy

P.L. Silva, J.D. Santos and F.J. Monteiro

The Bony Reaction to Rapidly Degradable Glass-Ceramics Based on the NewPhase Ca2KNa(PO4)2

C. Miiller-Mai, G. Berger, C. Voigt, B. Bakki and U. Gross

Resorbable, Porous Phosphate Invert Glasses - First in Vitro and in VivoResults

J. Vogel, K.-J. Schulze, D. Reif, P. Hartmann, U. Platzbecker and B. Leuner

Implantation of Bioactive and Inert Glass Fibres in Rats - Soft TissueResponse and Short-Term Reactions of the Glass

M. Brink, P. Laine, K. Narva and A. Yli-Urpo

Spinal Fusion Using Titanium Spacers With BioglassR and Autogenous Bone:A Comparative Study in Sheep

J. Wilson, G. Lowery and S. Courtney

DENSE AND POROUS BIOACTIVE CERAMICS

Macroporous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramics: Influence of MacroporeDiameter and Macroporosity Percentage on Bone Ingrowth

O. Gauthier, J-M. Bouler, E. Aguado, P. Pilet and G. Daculsi

Mechanical Fatigue of Hot Pressed Hydroxyapatite

S. Raynaud, E. Champion, D. Bernache-Assollant

Mechanical Property Changes in Macroporous Ceramic After Implantationinto Bone and Muscle

M. Trecant-Viana, J. Delecrin, J.M. Nguyen, J. Royer and G. Daculsi

Contents xi

Difference of Bonding Behavior Between Four Different Kinds ofHydroxyapatite Plate and Bone 83

S.S. Chung, C.K. Lee, K.S. Hong and H.J. Yoon

Treatment of Osteomyelitis by Antibiotic-Soaked Porous A-W Glass CeramicBlock 87

K. Kawanabe, Y. Okada, H. Iida and T. Nakamura

Calcium Hydroxyapatite Ceramic Implants Impregnated With Antibiotic forthe Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis 91

Y. Yamashita, T. Yamakawa, K. Kato, Y. Shinto, N. Araki and A. Uchida

BONE CELLS ONTO BIOACTIVE CERAMICS

Measurement of Intact Osteocalcin Contents in the Composite of PorousHydroxyapatite Ceramic and Allogeneic Marrow Cells 97

M. Akahane, H. Ohgushi, T. Yoshikawa, S. Tamai, Y. Dohi, K. Hosodaand T. Ohta

Si-Ca-P Xerogels and Bone Morphogenetic Protein Act Synergistically on RatStromal Marrow Cell Differentiation In Vitro 101

E.M. Santos, P. Ducheyne, S. Radin, B. Shenker and I. Shapiro

Effect of Surface Instability of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics on Growth andAdhesion of Osteoblast-Like Cells Derived from Neonatal Rat Calvaria 105

T. Suzuki, M. Hukkanen, L.D.K. Buttery, J.M. Polak, Y. Yokogawa,K. Nishizawa, F. Nagata, Y Kawamoto, T. Kameyama and M. Toriyama

Histological Evaluation of Cultured Bone Graft Using Cryopreserved MarrowCells 109

H. Nakajima, T. Yoshikawa, H. Ohgushi, M. Akahane, S. Tamai,K. Mishima and K. Ichijima

Interactions of Bioceramics on Human Osteoarthritis (OA) Type BSynoviocytes. Effects on Interleukin Levels and Lipoxygenase Pathways 113

B. Liagre, J-L. Charissoux, M-J. Leboutet, D. Bernache-Assollant andJ-L. Beneytout

A Long Term Implantation of Cultured Bone in Porous Hydroxyapatite 117

T. Yoshikawa, H. Ohgushi, H. Nakajima, M. Akahane, S. Tamai andK. Ichijima

xii Contents

SURFACE BEARING CERAMICS

Oxide Ceramics for Articulating Components of Total Hip Replacements 123

G. Willmann

Ex Vivo and In Vitro Analysis of the Alumina/Alumina Bearing System forHip Joint Prostheses 127

H.J. Refior, W. Plitz and A. Walter

Hybrid Alumina-Alumina Hip Replacement: A Survivorship Analysis andResults at a Minimal Five Year Follow-Up 131

M. Hamadouche, P. Bizot, R.S. Nizard and L. Sedel

Low Temperature Ageing Behaviour of Zirconia Hip Joint Heads 135

J. Chevalier, J.M. Drouin and B. Cales

Characterization of Zirconia Coated by Bioactive Glass: PreliminaryObservations 139

M. Bosetti, M. Santin, M. Mazzocchi, A. Krajewski, M. Rastellino,A. Ravaglioli and M. Cannas

Calcium Phosphate Particles are Found at the Polyethylene Insert SurfaceWhether Implanted With Ha-Coated Devices or Not. A SEM-EPMA Study 143

P. Frayssinet, L. Gineste, G. Bonel and N. Rouquet

Bone Remodelling Around Implanted Materials Under Load-BearingConditions 147

M. Oka, Y.S. Chang, S. Yura, K. Ushio, J. Toguchida and T. Nakamura

CLINICAL USE OF CERAMICS

Clinical Comparative Study Between Porous Coated and HydroxyapatitePorous Femoral Implants 153

Y.H. Kim, J.H. Shon and I.Y. Choi

Revision Rates and Radiographic Changes Associated With Different SocketInterface Technologies : Clinical Results from 416 Patients at 6 To 8 YearsFoUow-Up 157

M.T. Manley, A. Edidin, J. A. Epinette, R.G. Geesink, J.A. D'Antonio andW.Nl Capello

Contents xiii

Comparative Study of the Results Between Custom Non-Coated CementlessHip Implants and Mirrored Cementless HA-Coated Hip Implants on theContra-Lateral Side 161

M. Mulier and G. Deloge

Improvement of THR With Spongiosa Metal Surface Using the Wear CoupleCeramic-On-Ceramic 165

G. Quack, G. Willmann, H.G. Pieper and H. Krahl

Acetabular Reconstruction in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty Using a BoneGraft Substitute 169

R.P. Pitto and D. Hohmann

POSTER 1

Effect of Solution Ageing on Sol-Gel Hydroxyapatite Coatings 175

B. Ben-Nissan, C. Chai and K.A. Gross

Ionic Cements : Influence of the Liquid/Solid Ratio on Porosity andMechanical Properties 179

F. Betchem, P. Michaud, F. Rodriguez and Z. Hatim

Sintering and Thermal Decomposition of Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics 183

J. Cihlar and M. Trunec

An Elaboration of the New Dissolution Mechanism for Apatite 187

S.V. Dorozhkin

Ultrastructural Study of Long Term Implanted Ca-P Particulate into RabbitBones 191

A. Dupraz, R. Rohanizadeh, J. Delecrin, P. Pilet, N. Passuti and G. Daculsi

Bioactive Glass-and Glass-Ceramic Composites and Coatings 195

M. Ferraris, E. Verne, A. Ravaglioli, A., Krajewski, L. Paracchini, J. Vogel,G. Carl, C. Jana

Mechanical Characterisation of Bioactive Coatings on Zirconia 199

E. Verne, M. Ferraris, C. Moisescu, A. Ravaglioli and A. Krajewski

xiv Contents

Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Titanium and Hydroxyapatite Coatings on CarbonFiber Reinforced Polyetheretherketone (Peek) 203

S.-W. Ha, A. Gisep, H. Gruner, J. Mayer and E. Wintermantel

Low Temperature Crystallization of Hydroxyapatite Sputtered Films in anAutoclave 207

J. Hamagami, K. Nakamura, Y. Sekine, K. Yamashita and T. Umegaki

Fabrication of In-Ceram Core by Sheet Forming Process 211

D-J. Kim, M-H. Lee and C.E. Kim

Surface Structure of Bioactive Titanium Prepared by Chemical Treatment 215

H.M. Kim, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo, T. Suzuki, , F. Itoh, S. Nishiguchi andT. Nakamura

Prefabricated Biological Apatite Formation on a Bioactive Glass-CeramicPromotes In Vitro Differentiation of Fetal Rat Chondrocytes 219

C. Loty, S. Loty, T. Kokubo, N. Forest and J.M. Sautier

The Effect on Mechanical Properties by Osteoblastic Cell Ingrowth inMacroporous Synthetic Hydroxyapatite and Interpore 200 ™ 223

E. Nordstrom, H. Ohgushi, H. Yoshinari, S. Tamai and T. Yokobori

Characterization and Cell Reaction of a-TCP- and HAp-Coatings on TitaniumPlate 229

M. Ohgaki, S. Nakamura and M. Akao

The Ectopic Osteoconduction Model 233

H. Ohgushi, M. Okumura, T. Yoshikawa, H. Ishida, H. Yajima andS. Tamai

Conditions of the Coprecipitation of Calcium Hydroxyapatite With ZrO2, ZrO2

+ Y2O3, AI2O3 from Aquoeus Solutions Using Ammonia 237

V.P. Orlovskii, Zh A. Ezhova and E.M. Koval

Transformation of a-TCP to Hydroxyapatite in Organic Media 241

K. Sakamoto, S. Yamaguchi, A. Nakahira, K. Kijima and M. Okazaki

Structure and Solvation Effects of PO43-, HPO4

2-, H2PO4" and H3PO4 fromAMI and PM3 245

A.J. Salinas, A. Serret, M. Vallet-Regi and L.L. Hench

Contents xv

The Detailed Configuration of Carbonate Ions in Apatite Structure Determinedby Polarized Ir Spectroscopy 249

Y. Suetsugu, I. Shimoya and J. Tanaka

Tissue Culture on Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Coating 253

K. Suzuki, Y. Kageyama, Y. Kita, A. Yoshino, K. Matsushita andT. Kokubo

Bonelike Apatite Layer Formed on Organic Polymers by Biomimetic Process :TEM-EDX Observation of Initial Stage of Apatite Formation 257H. Takadama, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo and T. Nakamura

Sinterability and Second Phase Formation of Synthetic Hydroxy Apatite :Controlling Parameters and Effect on Bond Strength 261

H-J. Youn, H.S. Ryu, K.S. Hong, S.S. Chung and C.K. Lee

Porous Sol-Gel Bioglass® from Near-Equilibrium Drying 265

J. Zhong and D.C. Greenspan

POSTER 2

Ceramic-Ceramic Bearing Systems Compared on Different TestingConfigurations 271

J. Chevalier, B. Cales, J.M. Drouin and Y. Stefani

Dissolution and Mechanical Behaviour of Plasma-Sprayed Ceramic Coatingsfor Orthopaedic Applications 275

N. Demonet, P. Benaben, J.L. Aurelle, B. Forest and J. Rieu

Design of a Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement Suitable for the Fixation ofMetal Endoprostheses 279

FCM. Driessens, I. Khairoun, MG. Boltong and Ja. Planell

Quantitative Comparison of In Vivo Bone Generation With ParticulateBioglass® and Hydroxyapatite as a Bone Graft Substitute 283

Y. Fujishiro, H. Oonishi and L.L. Hench

Test of Bioactivity in Four Different Glasses 287

A.M. Gatti, L.L. Hench, E. Monari, F. Gonella and F. Caccavale

xvi Contents

Comparison of Bone-Implant Attachment Strength Between the Implants WithHydroxyapatite-Coating and Tricalciumphosphate-Coating on Titanium ArcSprayed Titanium 291

K. Hayashi, T. Hara, T. Imamura and Y. Iwamoto

Effect of Hydroxyapatite Coating on Bony Ingrowth into Grooved TitaniumImplants 295

K. Hayashi, T. Mashima, K. Uenoyama, T. Hara and Y. Iwamoto

Mechanism of the Inflammatory Reaction of Conventional Calcium PhosphateCement 301

K. Ishikawa, Y. Miyamoto, M. Nagayama and K. Suzuki

Fracture of Alumina Ceramic Head in Total Hip Arthroplasty. - Report of aCase With Histological Examination and Particle Characterisation 305

Y. Kadoya, A. Kobayashi, P.A. Revell, H. Ohashi, Y. Yamano, G. Scottand M.A.R. Freeman

Experimental Comparative Study Between Rough-Blasted and HydroxyapatiteCoated Implants 309

Y.H. Kim, J.S. Park, I.Y. Choi, M.R. Park and T.S. Park

Mechanical and Biological Properties of Alumina Bead Composite 313

M. Kobayashi, T. Nakamura, T. Kikutani, Y. Okada, N. Ikeda, S. Shinzatoand T. Kokubo

Remodeling of Bone Around Hydroxylapatite-Coated Femoral Stems 317

A.A. Edidin and M.T. Manley

Processing and Characterisation of Biological Hydroxyapatite Derived fromCattle, Sheep and Deer Bone 321

M.R. Mucalo, G.S. Johnson and M.A. Lorier

Catastrophic Wear of Metal Ball of Bipolar Hip Prosthesis After Fracture ofAlumina Ceramic Screws Used for Acetabular Bone Graft 325

H. Ohashi, Y. Yutani, A. Kobayashi, Y. Kadoya and Y. Yamano

Antibacterial Property of Ag-Doped Calcium Phosphate Compound-CelluloseComposites 329

K. Okada, Y. Yokogawa, T. Kameyama, K. Kato, Y. Kawamoto,K. Nishizawa, F. Nagata, M. Okuyama

Contents xvii

Wear Behaviour of Polyethylene Cup Against 28 mm Alumina Ball in TotalHip Prostheses 333

H. Oonishi, N. Murata, S. Kushitani, S. Wakitani, K. Imoto, Y. Iwaki andN. Kin

In Vitro Cell Behavior of Osteoblasts on Pyrost Bone Substitute 337

J-S. Sun, F.H. Lin, Y-H. Tsuang, Y-S. Hang, C.Y. Hong and H.C. Liu

The Efficacy of Hydroxyapatite-Tricalcium Phosphate Filler for Bone DefectsAssociated With Humeral Pseudoarthrosis: Comparison With Autogenous IliacBone Grafts 341

K. Suzuki and M. Yamada

Experimental Study of Apatite Cement Including Cisplatin 345

Y. Tahara, Y. Ishii, S. Sasaki, I. Takano and K. Ohzeki

In Vivo Evaluation of Sol-Gel Bioglass®. - Biomechanical Findings 349

D.L. Wheeler, R.G. Hoellrich, S.W. McLoughlin, D.L. Chamberland andK.E. Stokes

Fixation of Hip Prostheses by Hydroxyapatite Coating 353

G. Willmann

Acetabular Reconstruction With an Artificial Bone Block 357

S. Yoshii, M. Oka, T. Yamamuro, H. Iida, Y. Kakutani, K. Ikeda,H. Murakami and T. Nakamura

Participation of Calcium Phosphate Cements for Healing of Alveolar Bone 361

M. Yoshikawa, H. Oonishi, Y. Mandai, K. Minamigawa and T. Toda

BIOCERAMICS SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION

Syntheses of Rapid Resorbable Calcium Phosphate Ceramics With HighMacro or High Micro Porosity 367

G. Berger, R. Gildenhaar, U. Ploska and M. Willfahrt

Composite Bioceramics Made of Macroporous Calcium Phosphate CeramicsFilled With a Self-Setting Cement. Histological Evaluation 371

P. Frayssinet, A. Lerch, L. Gineste and N. Rouquet

xviii Contents

Physical Properties of an Apatitic Ceramic Containing Tricalcium PhosphatePrepared by the Way of a Cement 375

Z. Hatim, M. Freche and J.L. Lacout

Cytocompatibility of Calcium Phosphate Coatings With Various Ca/P Ratios 379

P. Frayssinet, L. Arbore and N. Rouquet

Comparison of Resorption and Bone Conduction of Two CaCO3 BoneSubstitutes 383

J.C. Fricain, Ch. Baquey, B. Basse-Cathalinat and B. Dupuy

Reliability of Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Evaluation of Phospho-Calcic Bioceramics in Rabbit 387

J.X. Lu, O. Legrand, B. Flautre, A. Gallur, M. Descamps, B. Thierry,P. Hardouin and B. Sutter

The Evaluation of Degradability of Melt and Sol-Gel Derived Bioglass® In-Vitro 391

D.C. Greenspan, J.P. Zhong, X.F. Chen and G.P. LaTorre

COMPOSITE CERAMICS

Upgrading of Hydroxyapatite Ceramic Biocompatibility by Incorporation ofa-Tricalcium Phosphate 397

S. Sarig, F. Apfelbaum and F. Kahana

Preparation of Composite Materials Calcium Hydroxyapatite/Collagen byCoprecipitation Method 401

O.I. Slivka and V.P. Orlovskii

Bony Reaction of Several Kinds of Ca-P-Collagen Conjugated Sponges 403

H. Oonishi, F. Sugihara, K. Minamigawa, Y. Mandai, K. Nagatomi,S. Kushitani, H. Iwaki, N. Kin, E. Tsuji

In Vitro and In Vivo Tests of Newly Developed TCP/CPLA Composites 407

M. Kikuchi, S-B. Cho, Y. Suetsugu, J. Tanaka, T. Kobayashi, M. Akao,Y. Koyama and K. Takakuda

Occlusion of Dentin Tubules by 45S5 Bioglass® 411

L.J. Litkowski, G.D. Hack, H.B. Sheaffer and D.C. Greenspan

Contents xix

Bioinert and Biodegradable Polymeric Matrix Composites Filled WithBioactive SiO2-3CaO-P2O5-MgO Glasses and Glass-Ceramics 415

R.L. Reis, A.M. Cunha, M.H. Ferdandez and R.N. Correia

The Healing of Segmental Bone Defects, Induced by Bioresorbable CalciumPhosphate Cement Combined With rhBMP-2 ; Using as Paste 419

K. Ohura, C. Hamanishi, S. Tanaka and N. Matsuda

DENTAL AND E.N.T. APPLICATIONS

Implant Placement Enhanced by a New Bioactive Material 425

E. Schepers and L. Barbier

Behaviour of Bioactive Glass (S53P4) in Human Frontal Sinus Obliteration 429

K. Aitasalo, J. Suonpaa, M. Peltola and A. Yli-Urpo

All-Ceramic Dental Bridges by the Direct Ceramic Machining Process (DCM) 433

F. Filser, P. Kocher, H. Luthy, P. Scharer and L. Gauckler

Grinding of Zirconia - TZP in Dentistry - CAD/CAM-Technology for theManufacturing of Fixed Dentures- 437

R. Luthardt, W. Rieger and R. Musil

Zirconia Implants With a Plasma-Sprayed SiO2 -HA Bioactive Coating 445

A. Pedra and P. Sharrock

ORTHOPAEDIC APPLICATIONS

Effect of Time and Temperature on the Production of Porous ElectrolyticHydroxyapatite Coatings 447

N. Asaoka, S. Best and W. Bonfield

Calcium Phosphate Formation on Chemically Treated Vacuum PlasmaSprayed Titanium Coatings 451

S.-W. Ha, K-L. Eckert, H. Gruner and E. Wintermantel

Properties of Plasma Sprayed Bioactive Fluorhydroxyapatite Coatings 455

X. Ranz, C. Rey, N. Antolotti, M.F. Harmand, A. Moroni, L. Orienti,G. Viola, S. Bertini, A. Scrivani

xx Contents

Longer-Term Mechanical and Biological Evaluation of Titanium Alloy CoatedWith Apatite Layer 459

W.Q. Yan, K. Kawanabe, T. Nakamura and T. Kokubo

Electrophoretic Coatings of Porous Apatite Composite onto Alumina Ceramics 463

K. Yamashita, E. Yonehara, J-i. Hamagami and T. Umegaki

Osseointegration in Experimental HA-Coated Femoral Stems 467

E. De Santis, G. Rinonapoli, C. Doria, A. Manunta and M.C. Sbernardori

Effect of Hydroxyapatite-Coating on the Bonding of Bone to TitaniumImplants in the Femur of Ovariectomized Rats 471

T. Hara, K. Hayashi, Y. Nakashima and Y. Iwamoto

BIOACTIVE BONE CEMENT

Optimization of Setting Time and Mechanical Strength of 0-TCP/MCPMBiocements 477

P. Van Landuyt, C. Lowe and J. Lemaitre

Influence of the Particle Size of the Powder Phase in the Setting andHardening Behaviour of a Calcium Phosphate Cement 481

M.P. Ginebra, E. Fernandez, F.C.M. Driessens, M.G. Boltong andJ.A. Planell

Subcutaneous Tissue Responses and Kinetics of Cells to TetracalciumPhosphate Cements 485

M. Yoshikawa, H. Oonishi, Y. Mandai, F. Sugihar and T. Toda

Biological Behaviour of a Bioactive Bone Cement Implanted in Rabbit Tibiae 489

A. Afonso, M. Vasconcelos, R. Branco and J. Cavalheiro

Histological Study of a DCPD-Based Calcium Phosphate Cement 493

P. Frayssinet, L. Gineste, P. Conte, J. Fages, N. Rouquet and A. Lerch

Bioactive Bone Cement Studied in Canine Total Hip Arthroplasty, 2 YearsFollow-Up Study 497

H. Fujita, T. Nakamura, K. Ido, Y. Matsuda, H. Iida, M. Kobayashi,M. Oka and Y. Kitamura

Contents xxi

NEW MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES

Experimental Study on Hydroxyapatite/N-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Fillers 503

R. Martinetti, L. Dolcini, A. Ravaglioli, A. Krajevski and C. Mangano

Injectable Chitosamine Hydroxylapatite Bone Paste 507

J.J. Railhac, P. Sharrock, D. Galy-Fourcade, C. Zahraoui and N. Sans

Manufacture of a Hydroxyapatite-Chitin Composite 511

A.C.A. Wan, E. Khor and G.W. Hastings

Load-Bearing and Ductile Hydroxylapatite/Polyethylene Composites for BoneReplacement 515

R.L. Reis, A.M. Cunha and M.J. Bevis

In Vitro Assessment of Hydroxyapatite- and Bioglass" - ReinforcedPolyethylene Composites 519

J. Huang, L. Di Silvio, M. Wang, K.E. Tanner and W. Bonfield

Osteoconductive Properties of Pure and Type-A Carbonated Hydroxyapatites 523

S.A. Redey, D. Bernache-Assollant, C. Rey, P.J. Marie, M. Nardin andL. Sedel

Coagulation Times of Blood in Contact With Gel-Derived Silica-AluminaComposite Powders 527

S. Takashima, C. Ohtsuki, S. Hayakawa and A. Osaka

Preparation of P +-Implanted Y203-Al203-Si02 Glass for Radiotherapy ofCancer 531

M. Kawashita, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo, G.H. Takaoka, I. Yamada, I. Suzukiand M. Inoue

New Ferromagnetic Bone Cement for Local Hyperthermia 535

K. Takegami, T. Sano, H. Wakabashi, J. Sonoda, T. Yamazaki, S. Morita,T. Shibuya and A. Uchida

xxii Contents

BIOCERAMICS PROCESSING

Adsorption of L-Lysine onto Silica Glass: A Synergistic Approach CombiningMolecular Modeling With Experimental Analysis 541

R.A. Latour Jr., J.K. West, L.L. Hench, S.D. Trembley, Y. Tian,G.C. Lickfield and A.P. Wheeler

Effects of Divalent Cations on Calcium Phosphates Precipitation on aLangmuir-Blodgette Monolayer 545

S.B. Cho, Y. Suetsugu, J. Tanaka, R. Azumi and M. Matsumoto

Effect of Processing on the Characteristics of a 20 Vol.% A12O3 Platelet-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Composite 549

S. Gautier, E. Champion, D. Bernache-Assollant

Mechanical Evaluation of Phosphate Biodegradable Glasses by Means ofIndentation Methods 553

F.J. Gil, R. Terradas, J. Clement, G. Avila, S. Martinez and J.A. Planell

Silicon in Connective Tissue: Semi-Empirical Molecular Orbital Models 557

K.D. Lobel, J.K. West and L.L. Hench

The Effect of Heat Treatment on Bone Bonding Ability of Alkali-TreatedTitanium 561

S. Nishiguchi, T. Nakamura, M. Kobayashi, W-Q. Yan, H-M. Kim,F. Miyaji and T. Kokubo

Thermal Processing of Compact Bovine Bone 565

G. Vargas, M. Mendez, J. Mendez and J. Lopez

EVALUATIONS METHODS AND NEW APPLICATIONS

Characterization of Synthetic and Biological Calcium Phosphate Materials byMicro-Raman Spectrometry 571

G. Penel, G. Leroy, G. Cournot and E. Bres

Biological Evaluation of Glass Reinforced Hydroxyapatite by Flow Cytometry 575

M.A. Lopes, J.C. Knowles, K.A. Hing, J.D. Santos, F.J. Monteiro andI. Olsen

Contents xxiii

Evaluation of Macrophage Response to Ceramic Particles by Flow Cytometry:Analysis of Phagocytosis and Cytotoxicity 579

I. Catelas, R. Marchand, L'H. Yahia and O.L. Huk

Study of Porous Interconnections of Bioceramic on Cellular Rehabitation InVitro and In Vivo 583

J.X. Lu, B. Flautre, K. Anselme, A. Gallur, M. Descamps, B. Thierry andP. Hardouin

Repair of Osteochondral Defect Using Artificial Articular Cartilage 587

M. Hasegawa, A. Sudo, Y. Shikinami and A. Uchida

Calcium Phosphate Ceramics as Controlled Release Systems for FGF-2 591

V. Midy, E. Hollande, C. Rey and M. Dard

C-SRC Oncogene mRNA Expression in Porous Hydroxyapatite Ceramics 595

K. Mishima, H. Ohgushi, T. Yoshikawa, H. Nakajima, E. Yamada,S. Tabata, Y. Dohi and K. Ichijima

Author Index

Keyword Index