volcanoes volcanoes chapter 3 volcanoes. objective and starter objective: today you will learn about...
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VOLCANOES
CHAPTER 3
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OBJECTIVE AND STARTER• Objective: Today you will learn about
volcanoes and why they form.
• Starter-KWL Chart
K(What you Know about Volcanoes
W (What you want to learn about Volcanoes)
L (What you learned about volcanoes)
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Background Information
• Have you ever seen a volcano? What was happening?
• Iceland at Night
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Volcano
• A weak spot in the crust where molten material or magma comes to the surface.
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Where are they found?
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Ring of Fire
• Many volcanoes rim the Pacific Ocean. A major volcanic belt is cause by areas of subduction of the Earth’s crust.
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Island Arc• A curved chain of volcanic islands. They form
in the overriding tectonic plates of subduction zones as the result of rising melt from the down-going plate
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Converging Oceanic plates can cause volcanoes too!
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Divergent Boundaries can form volcanoes at the mid-ocean ridge
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Hot Spot
• An area where material from deep within the mantle rises then melts, forming magma.
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M Magma text pages 96-97
• A molten mixture of rock forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle.
• Characteristics of Magma
• Depends on dissolved gases
• Temperature
• Silica content
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Volcanic ActivityText pgs. 93-97
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Rock Types
High in silica
Light-colored and slow (too sticky)
Examples: Rhyolite Pumice Obsidian
Low in silicaDark colored and flows easily
Basalt can sometimes form these six-sided columns seen below
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Lava• When
magma reaches the surface.
• Text pg.97
Examples of lava types
Aa
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Volcanic EruptionText pgs. 97-99
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STARTER
• Starter-Why do volcanoes form? What happens after a volcanic eruption.
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Background Information
• What does lava look like when it comes out of a volcano? What else comes out of the volcano?
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Magma Chamber
• A pocket below the volcano where magma is collected.
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Pyroclastic Flow
• A type of explosive eruption that hurls out a mix of hot gases, ash, cinders, and effects of a bomb.
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Dormant
• A volcano that is still and active and will awaken in the future.
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Extinct
• A dead volcano that will no longer erupt. Volcano is declared extinct after 100 years of no eruptions.
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Geyser
• A fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground. Water is heated by hot rocks near magma pockets. Geyser releases pressure from superheated water as it erupts.
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Parts of a VOLCANO
pipe
Magma chamber
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OBJECTIVE
• Objective: Today you will learn about landforms that are created by volcanoes.
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Three Types of Volcanoes “How do they get their
names?”Cinder Cone Composite
Shield
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What kinds of lava are connected with volcano type
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Background Information
• What shape is a volcano? Are all volcanoes shaped like this?
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Shield volcano
• Usually built almost entirely of fluid lava flows. They are named for their large size and low profile, resembling a warrior's shield. This is caused by the highly fluid lava they erupt
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Cinder Cone
• A steep hill like volcano that slopes steeply.
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Composite (Strato-) Volcano
• A volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava pumice and volcanic ash.
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Caldera
• The huge hole left by a volcanic mountain.
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Volcanic Neck
• It looks like a giant tooth stuck in the ground. Forms when magma hardens a volcano’s pipe.
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Dome Mountain- other smaller bodies of magma
can create dome mountains which form with rising magma being blocked by horizontal layers of rock . The magma pushes the layers to bend upward into a dome shape. Eventually the rock above the dome wears away, leaving it exposed. One example is the Black Hills in South Dakota.
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Other Landforms from Volcanoes
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Dikes, Sills, BatholithsA dike is when magma forces itself across rock layers while magma that squeezes between layers of rock is called a sill.
Batholiths are a mass of rock that has been formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust.
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Monitoring Volcanoes
Monitoring Volcanoes Weekly Report
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Supervolcano
FYI Yellow stone Supervolcano
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Are you ready for the Movie?
Supervolcano Trailer