volcanoes - ausearthed.com.au · volcanoes • there are two main types of volcano: ―shield...
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Volcanoes
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Volcanoes• There are two main types of volcano:
― Shield volcanoes― Composite/ stratovolcanoes
Volcano Lava type Viscosity Gas
content Lava flow Tectonic setting
Shield Basaltic Low Low Flat, thin flows Divergent
Composite/ stratovolcano Andesitic Moderate
to high HighTravels short
distances, blocky
Convergent (O-O and
C-O)
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Shield volcanoes
• Short and broad• Not often explosive• Often found at hot
spots or divergent plate boundaries
(USGS, public domain)
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Examples of shield volcanoes
Mauna Kea seen from the summit of Mauna Loa (Nula666 2010, Wikimedia Creative Commons)
Pahoehoe toe lava from Kilauea (Hawaii Volcano Observatory / USGS 2003, public domain)
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Stratovolcanoes
• Tall and cone-shaped• Can be very explosive• Often found at
subduction zones
(USGS, public domain)
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Examples of stratovolcanoes
Osorno, Andes (littletroll 2006, Wikimedia Creative Commons)
Fuji, Japan (松岡明芳 2013, Wikimedia Creative Commons)
Mt Merapi and 6 other volcanoes on Java (B Werner 2013, public domain)
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(USGS, public domain)
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References• Tompkins, D.E. (Ed.), 2011, Exploring Earth and
Environmental Science Stages 1, 2 and 3, Earth Science Western Australia
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