volcanoes beautiful killers

55
VOLCANOES- BEAUTIFUL KILLERS Nathalie Nicole Brandes Professor of Geology

Upload: lsc-cyfair-academy-for-lifelong-learning

Post on 07-Dec-2014

206 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

DESCRIPTION

 

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

VOLCANOES- BEAUTIFUL KILLERS

Nathalie Nicole Brandes

Professor of Geology

Page 2: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

(Courtesy New Line Cinema)

Page 3: Volcanoes  beautiful killers
Page 4: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Tongariro, Manawatu-Wanganui , New Zealand

Page 5: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Tongariro, Manawatu-Wanganui , New Zealand

Page 6: Volcanoes  beautiful killers
Page 7: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Erta Ale, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Page 8: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Mt. St. Helens, Washington, USA (Courtesy USGS)

Page 9: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Kilauea, Hawai’i, USA

Page 10: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Soufrière Hills, Montserrat (Courtesy Smithsonian Institute)

Page 11: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Pompeii, Campania, Italy

Page 12: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

(Courtesy University of Auckland)

Page 13: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

• Each lava composition has a different viscosity

• Viscosity is controlled by:

– Temperature

– Silica content

Page 14: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Carrizozo Malpais, New Mexico, USA

Page 15: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

(Courtesy Ed Llewellin)

Page 16: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

(Courtesy Explore Volcanoes)

Page 17: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

The Three V’s of Volcanology

• Volume

• Volatiles

• Viscosity

• These three determine the eruption type and landform created

Page 18: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

(Courtesy Florida State University)

Page 19: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Laki, Suðurland, Iceland

Page 20: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

(Courtesy Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg)

Page 21: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Vantage, Washington, USA

Page 22: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

(Courtesy University of Colorado Denver)

Page 23: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Rangitoto Island, Auckland, New Zealand

Page 24: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Rangitoto Island, Auckland, New Zealand (Google Earth Image)

Page 25: Volcanoes  beautiful killers
Page 26: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Mt. Etna, Sicily, Italy

Page 27: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Sunset Crater, Arizona, USA

Page 28: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Eppelsberg, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Page 29: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Parícutin, Michoacán, Mexico (Courtesy Michigan Technological University)

Page 30: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Parícutin, Michoacán, Mexico (Courtesy Michigan Technological University)

Page 31: Volcanoes  beautiful killers
Page 32: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Mt. St. Helens, Washington, USA

Page 33: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Mt. St. Helens, Washington, USA

Page 34: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

(Courtesy Dennis Tasa)

Page 35: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Ruapehu, Manawatu-Wanganui, New Zealand

Page 36: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

(Courtesy Dr. Paula Jefferis-Nilsen)

Page 37: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, USA

Page 38: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Jemez Caldera, New Mexico (Courtesy NASA)

Page 39: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Valle Grande, New Mexico, USA

Page 40: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

(Courtesy Geology.com)

Page 41: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Schalkenmehrener Maar, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Page 42: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

(Courtesy Encyclopædia Britannica)

Page 43: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Waha‘ula Visitor Center, Hawai’i, USA (Courtesy J.D. Griggs)

Page 44: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Ruapehu, Manawatu-Wanganui, New Zealand (Courtesy Geoff Mackley)

Page 45: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Mt. St. Helens, Washington, USA

Page 46: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Mt. St. Helens, Washington, USA (Courtesy USGS)

Page 47: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Eyjafjallajökull, Suðurland, Iceland (Courtesy Sigurður Stefnisson)

Page 48: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Mayon Volcano, Philippines (Courtesy USGS)

Page 49: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Taupo, Waikato, New Zealand

Page 50: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Louis-Auguste Cyparis (Photographer unknown)

Page 51: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

Ruapehu, Manawatu-Wanganui , New Zealand

Page 52: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

VOLCANIC EXPLOSIVITY INDEX (VEI)

• Scale of 0-8

• Based on:

– Volume of pyroclastics

– Eruption column height

– Duration of eruption

Page 53: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

(Courtesy Smithsonian Institute)

Page 54: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

(Courtesy Birgit Hartinger)

Page 55: Volcanoes  beautiful killers

(Strohn, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)