1. discipline n.  -   quality of being able to behave and work in a controlled way

to have discipline

adj. to be disciplined

  2. controversial issues:-an issue that causes controversy, people disagree or argue about controversial issues

3. take a stand:-adopt a firm position about and issue

                                   e.g: for me it's difficult to take atand on spanking.  

 4. rage n.-1. a feeling of violent anger that is difficult to control.

            2.  an interest followed with exagerated zeal. e.g: it was all the rage that season

          v.- rage(at/against/about sb/sth) to show that you are very angry about sth or with sb, expecially by shouting.

to be enraged

 5. reassurance n. - the fact of giving advice or help that takes away a person's fears or doubts.

   reassure v. - ~sb(about sth) to say or do sth that makes sb less frightened or worried.

 6.Mutual aid -Support each other.

                   -arrangement between at least two people to assist each other

                   -(of two or more people or groups) feeling the same emotion or doing the same thing to or for each other.

 7. car pool n. - a group of car owners who take turns to drive everyone in the group to work.

                 -a smal group of car drivers who arrange to take turns driving while the orther are passengers

 8. mentor n. - an experienced person who advise and help sb with less experience over a period of time

                 -a wise and trusted guide and advisor. e.g:the famous teacher mentored him during his years in graduate school.

                 -a person who gives another person help and advise over a period of time and then also teaches them how to do their job.

 9.enhance n.- to make greater,as in value , beauty or effectiveness;augment

                     to provide with improved or sophisticated features. e.g:computer sofware enhanced with cutting-edge functionalities.

 10. broaden.v. -broadened. adj.-to make or become broard or broarder, widen

                    -to increase the range of something

 11.gratification。n.  -state of being pleased or satisfied; satisfaction

                         -condition tof being gratified.

 12.intensity. n. - strength

 

                   exceptionally great contratration, power or force.e.g. I have an intense realtionship with my close friend.

 

    intense  adj. - (~ of sensations)  - very great or severe

                       -(~ of emotions,ect)  very strong

                       -(~ of people)  highly emotional

 13.obligation  n. law, moral pressure, promise, ect that forces one to do sth

                   think that we have to do. e.g:as student i have a lot of obligations.

 14.intersect  v intersection(n)  divide (sth) by going across it.

                   to come to the same point.

                     to cut accross or through. e.g: the parth intersect the park.

    e.g. Our lives interesected at ELI.

 15.intrusive adj. coming without invitation or welcome

                          e.g. intrusive questions

  intrusive friend

16.compromise n. an agreement between opposing parties to settle a dispute.

                          v. to allow your principles to be weakned or your standards or morals to be lowered

 

17. confide.v. reveal in private, tell confidentially.

 

18. bully. a person who is habitually cruel or overbearing, especially to smaller or weaker people.

 

19. in retropect - review look back upon { a period  of time, sequence of events]

 

20. to be on the wrong track-  to be on the wrong direction.

 

vigilant (adj) - giving careful attention to what is happening, so that you will notice any danger or illegal activity

 

vicious (adj) - violent and cruel in a way that hurts someone physically

 

double-edged sword (n) - something that has or can have both favorable and unfavorable consequences

 

put down (v) - something you say that is intended to make someone feel stupid or unimportant

 

vulnerable (adj) - capable of being physically or emotionally wounded, someone who is vulnerable can be easily harmed or hurt

  

legalization(n.)-the act of making lawful.

legalize(v.)-to make something legal so that people are allowed to do it.

legal(adj.)-if something is legal, you are allowed to do it or have to do it by law.

  

to be sitting on the fence-not to take sides in a dispute; not to make a clear choice between two possibilities.

  

terminally ill( adj, phrase.)-When a person is not expected to live because he has an incurable disease.

 

painless(adj.)-causing you no pain. eg: The treatment is painless.

                      -not unpleasant or difficult to do. eg: The interview was relatively painless.

 

 irreversible(adj.)-that cannot be changed back to what it was before: an irreversible change / decline / decision

 

 beat around the bush- to treat a topic but omit its main points, often intentionally; to delay or avoid talking about something difficult or unpleasant.

 

 

resent  v.   feel  bitter or indignant about

resentful   adj.  full of or marked by resentment or indignant; ill will

resentment   n.    a felling of deep and bitter angry and ill-will

 

 

adjust  v. - adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions

                - alter or regulate so as to achieve accuracy or conform a standard

adjustment  n.   -  making and becoming suitable

                          -  the process of adapting to something

 

detrimental   adj.   causing harm or injury, damaging

 

judgmental  adj.    having a tendency to make judgments (of value) - negative meaning

 

to be outraged   -  angered at something unjust or wrong

outrageous  adj.  - grossly offensive to decency or morality; causing horror

                            - greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation  

It is outrageous.

 

Rigid (adj) - rigid methods, systems etc are very strict and difficult to change, someone who behaves in

                    a  rigid way is very unwilling to change

 

Anticipate (v) - to expect that something will happen and be ready for it

 

Minimize (v) - to reduce something that is difficult, dangerous, or unpleasant to the smallest possible amount or degree

                         [≠ maximize]

 

Bizarre (adj) - very unusual or strange

 

Euphoria (n) - an extremely strong feeling of happiness and excitement which usually only  lasts for 

                       a short time [Euphoric (adj)]

 

Sullen (adj)- angry and unwilling to smile or be pleasant to people. Infectious (adj)-able to pass a disease from one person, animal or plant to another Landmark (n)- a building or place that is easily recognized, especially one which you can use to judge where you are Accomplishment (n)-something that is successful, or that is achieved after a lot of work or effort Hectic (adj)- full of activity; very busy and fast Isolated (adj)- not near to other places Nurture (v)- to feed and protect Potential (adj)-possible, as opposed to actual

Tangible (adj)- capable of being touched; discernible by the touch; material or substantial. Radiant (adj)- emitting rays of light; shining; bright Humble (adj)-not considering yourself or your ideas to be as important as other people's.(--e.g. a modest and humble man)               -humility (noun) Ignorance (noun) -lack of knowledge or information about something.         ignorance of--our ignorance of the true situation                                   -ignorant (adj)  painstaking (adj)-very careful and thorough  illiterate (adj&noun)-someone who is illiterate has not learned to read or write meticulous (adj)-very careful about small details,

and always making sure that everything is done correctly-meticulous in/about fastidious (adj)-very careful about small details in your appearance, work etc comprehensively (adv)-of large scope; covering or involving much;having an extensive mental range or grasp. rehearse(v)-1.to practice (a musical composition, a play, a speech, etc.) in private prior to a public presentation. 2.to drill or train (an actor, musician, etc.) by rehearsal, as for some performance or part. 3.to relate the facts or particulars of; recount. frustrated(adj)- disappointed; having a feeling of or filled with frustration; dissatisfied:

eg.His unresolved difficulty left him absolutely frustrated.

with a jolt(phrase)- suddenly, move by a sudden rough thrust; eg. i awoke with a jolt.

(1) Uplifting (a.) - making you feel happier or giving you more hope

 

(2) Vicious circle (n.) - a situation in which one problem causes another problem which then makes the first problem worse

 

(3) Hassle (n.) - a situation that is annoying because it involves doing sth difficult or complicated that needs a lot of effot

                 (v.) - to annoy sb or cause them trouble, especially by asking them to do sth many times

 

(4) Occur (v.) - to happen

                        - to exist or be found somewhere

                            [~ + adv./prep.]

 

(5) Hold a grudge － （idiomatic) To stay angry ( at someone or something) far longer then is reasonable.

                                 eg: That guy sure can hold a grudge when something goes wrong.

 

(6) Spoil (v.) - to change sth good into sth bad, unpleasant, useless,etc.

                      - to give a child everything that they ask for and not enough discipline in a way that has a bad effect on their character and behaviour

                     - (of food) to become bad so that it can no longer be eaten

 

(7) Unconditional (a.) - without any conditions or limits

                                      eg: She gave her children unconditional love

      unconditionally (ad.)

 

(8) Rod (n.) - a long straight piece of wood, metal or glass

                     - a stick that is used for hitting people as punishment

                     eg: There used to be a saying:' Spare the rod and spoil the child.'

 

(9) Paternal (a.) - connected with being a father; topical of a kind father

                               eg: paternal love

       paternally (ad.)

       Maternal (a.) - having feelings that are typical of a caring mother towards a child

                               eg: maternal love

                             - connected with being a mother

                             eg: Maternal age affects the baby's survival rate.

      maternally (ad.)

 

(10) A penny for your thoughts － (idiomatic) Used to inquire into the thoughts and feeling of another, especially when the person appears pensive or conflicted.

(11) To have an ear for language-be adept in some auditory skill such as languages, music, etc           

                       e.g: He had a good ear for languages   at school so I’m not surprised that he’s now a fluent speaker of Arabic.

(12) Billboard-(n&v)

                      -(n) a flat surface or board, usually outdoors, on which large advertisements or notices are posted.

                       -(v) used with object to place, advertise, proclaim, etc., on or as if on a billboard.

                     e.g:The movie was billboarded as  the year's biggest hit.

(13) Under siege-an attempt to capture a fort or town by keeping it surrounded by an armed force until it surrenders

                         e.g:The town is under siege.

(14) idiomatic (adj)-peculiar to or characteristic of a particular language or dialect.

                                e.g: idiomatic french    

                                 -having a distinct style or character, especially in the arts: idiomatic writing an idiomatic composer. 

(15)  Violate (v)-(used with object), -lat·ed, -lat·ing.

                         -to break, infringe, or transgress.

                        e.g: ~ a law,

                               ~ a rule,

                               ~ an agreement,

                               ~ a promise,

                               ~ an instructions.

     

          Violation (n)-a breach, infringement, or transgression, as of a law, rule, promise, etc.

                                 e.g: He was fined for a traffic violation.

(16) Stutter (v.) - to have difficulty speaking because you cannot stop yourself from repeating the first sound of some words several times

                      (n.) - a speech problem in which a person finds it difficult to say the first sound of a word and repeats it several times

(17)Faulty (a.) - not perfect; not working or made correctly

                           - (of a way of thinking) wrong or containing mistakes, often resulting in bad decisions

(18)Shifty eyes - seeming to be dishonest; looking guilty about sth

(19)Hover (v.) - (of birds, helicopters,etc) to stay in the air in one place

                           - (of a person) to wait somewhere, especially near sb, in a shy or uncertain manner

                          eg: He hovered nervously in the doorway.

(20)Toxic (a.) - containing poison; poisonous

1.overwhelmed -–verb (used with object) to overcome completely in mind or feeling: overwhelmed by remorse.

2.lethargic-–adjective drowsy; without energy  e.g.

3.conflict- –verb (used without object) 1. to come into collision or disagreement; be contradictory, at variance, or in opposition; clash: The account of one eyewitness conflicted with that of the other. My class conflicts with my going to the concert. 2. to fight or contend; do battle. –noun 3. a fight, battle, or struggle, especially a prolonged struggle; strife. 4. controversy; quarrel: conflicts between parties. 5. discord of action, feeling, or effect; antagonism or opposition, as of interests or principles: a conflict of ideas. 6. a striking together; collision. 7. incompatibility or interference,

as of one idea, desire, event, or activity with another: a conflict in the schedule. 8. Psychiatry . a mental struggle arising from opposing demands or impulses.

 

4.chronic-–adjective 1. constant; habitual; inveterate: a chronic liar. 2. continuing a long time or recurring frequently: a chronic state of civil war. 3. having long had a disease, habit, weakness, or the like: a chronic invalid. 4. (of a disease) having long duration ( opposed to acute).

 

5.laid back-–adjective Slang . 1. relaxed or unhurried: laid-back music rhythms. 2. free from stress; easygoing; carefree: a laid-back way of living.

 

6. to be confined- To be restricted in movement: The sick child was confined to bed.

 

7. let off steam- release energy, strong feelings, nervous tension, etc. by intense physical activity or noisy behaviour

 

8. fatal-adjective. 1.causing or ending in death  2.causing disaster or failure

 

9. barrier-noun. 1.an object like a fence that prevent people from moving forward one place to another 2.a problem, rule or situation that prevent sb from doing sth, or that makes sth impossible.

 

10. good will-noun.1.the ability  to control your thoughts and actions in order to

achieve what you want to do 2.a feeling of strong determination to do sth that you want to do

 

11. obvious-adjective. 1.(to sb)easy to see or understand  2.that most people would think of or agree to

 

12. flush-v.1. to wash with water, (syn.) to rinse away 2.to become red in the face, (syn.) to blush

 

13. perspiration: the sensible elimination of fluid through the pores of the skin, which is visible as droplets on the skin

 

14. exhaustion-n.1.complete tiredness, fatigue

 

 

15. delusional: A false belief strongly held in spite of invalidating evidence, especially as a symptom of mental illness: delusions of persecution

16. tune out     zone out

17. close call

18. pump up    boost

19. strenuous. adj.1 needing great effort

20. gist-n. the general idea (of a discussion, situation, writing, etc.)